AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

(CALCULATION)

10005-ESC-GPV105-002

RELAY SETTING CALCULATION OF

ETP SUBSTATION

Copyright of all published material including photographs, drawings and images in this
document remains vested in Aker Solutions and third party contributors as appropriate.
Accordingly, neither the whole nor any part of this document shall be reproduced in any form
nor used in any manner without express prior permission and applicable acknowledgements.
No trademark, copyright or other notice shall be altered or removed from any reproduction.

Rev Date Issued for PEM Prepare Chkd Appr Clien

Status d By / by / by / t/
Date Date Date Date

820796761.doc Page 1 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

Revision Record Sheet

Document No. : 10005-ESC-GPV105-002 Rev

Document Title : Relay setting calculations of ETP Substation Project :

Client : APG Project No:

Date Details of Revision Rev.

820796761.doc Page 2 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

Document No. : 10005-ESC-GPV105-002 Rev.

Project No. :

Document Title : Relay setting calculations of ETP Substation

INDEX

1. Scope............................................................................................................................................4
2. Reference Documents...................................................................................................................4
3. Reports Index................................................................................................................................5
4. Tag Convention............................................................................................................................6
5. Feeder Types................................................................................................................................6
6. Protection Types...........................................................................................................................6
7. Operating Conditions:..................................................................................................................7
8. General Protection Co-Ordination Philosophy.............................................................................7
9. Protection for Different Circuit Types.......................................................................................14
10. Formulae.....................................................................................................................................17

820796761.doc Page 3 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

1. Scope

820796761.doc Page 4 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

The intent of this document is to define the philosophy for Electrical Protection Co-
ordination for electrical network for ETP Substation & to verify the results using ETAP
software version 11.1.1.
The actual relay parameterization activities – that includes entering the parameters at
appropriate address in the relays & setting other default relay parameters - shall be done by
vendor at the time of commissioning based on the settings given in this document.
The Settings given in this document are applicable for plant commissioning & shall not be
used for substation charging purpose.
The parameterization of the following relays shall be carried out by operations team in
consultation with the agencies mentioned.
1. Settings for 11kV Incomer relay to ES-GPV105-01 & respective outgoing feeder relays
from HT-248 board at SS5 are recommended in this document. The Incomer Bus
coupler relay at HT-248 shall be accordingly coordinated by OTHERS.
This document provides the basis for parameterization & the current/time settings for the
following elements:
1. Phase over current elements I>, I>>, Ip
2. Ground over current elements IE>, IEp
3. Neutral over current elements SEF, REF
4. Phase under current element I< & Negative sequence element I2>
5. Differential current element I DIFF
6. Phase under & over voltage elements U<, U>
7. Other specific settings for REF, MComp & ProkDvs.
2. Reference Documents
a. APG Key SLD - 10005-E51-GPV105-008
b. Vendor schematic H09 series for ES0A01, ES0A02 & EC0A01
c. Protection philosophy Doc. No. 10080-1-SS-EL-039, Rev 0
d. Addendum email by core dated 03rd Dec 2013

Notes: The relay settings are first determined to give the shortest operating times at
maximum source fault levels and then checked to see if operation will also be satisfactory at
the minimum source fault current expected. Where significant differences between maximum
and minimum fault levels exist, it is essential to ensure that the selection of a current setting
does not result in the relay failing to operate under minimum fault current conditions.

3. Reports Index

820796761.doc Page 5 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

Ex. No. Exhibit Title

ETAP Main Single Line Diagram & Fault Levels

1.1 Exhibit RC Main Single Line Diagram (Config CoOrd)

1.2 Exhibit Ik 3 Phase initial symmetrical fault level

1.3 Exhibit Io 1 Phase fault level

ETAP TCC Views (Typical)

TCC – 11kV
Phase Over Current Relay Coordination Curves / TCC for 11kV
2.1.1 Switchboard –
incomer, bus coupler & 2..5MVA Transformer outgoing feeder
Phase

TCC – 11kV
Ground Relay Coordination Curves / TCC for 11kV incomer, bus
2.1.2 Switchboard –
coupler & 2..5MVA Transformer outgoing feeder
Ground

Phase Over Current Relay Coordination Curves / TCC for 2.5MVA

TCC – 2.5MVA
2.2.1 Transformer outgoing feeder & Downstream PCC Incomer, Bus
Transformer – Phase
coupler & outgoing feeder to MCC

TCC – 2.5MVA Ground Relay Coordination Curves / TCC for 2.5MVA Transformer
2.2.2 Transformer – outgoing feeder & Downstream PCC Incomer, Bus coupler &
Ground outgoing feeder to MCC

Parameterization Schedules

3.1 Annexure 1 MV Feeder protection settings of ES-GPV105-01 Board

LV Motor protection settings of ES-GPV105-02, ES-GPV105-03,

3.2 Annexure 2
ES-GPV105-04, ES-GPV105-05 and ES-GPV105-07 Board

3.3 Annexure 3 LV Feeder protection settings of ES-GPV105-02 Board

3.4 Annexure 4 LV Feeder protection settings of ES-GPV105-03 Board

3.5 Annexure 5 LV Feeder protection settings of ES-GPV105-04 Board

3.6 Annexure 6 LV Feeder protection settings of ES-GPV105-05 Board

3.7 Annexure 7 LV Feeder protection settings of ES-GPV105-07 Board

LV Motor protection settings of MCC EC-GPV105-02B2, 03A2,

3.8 Annexure 8
04A2, 04B2, 05A2, 05B2, 07A1, 07A2 and 07B1

LV VFD MCC incomer MCCB protection settings of MCC EC-

3.9 Annexure 9 GPV105-02A, 02B1, 03B, 03A1, 04A1, 04B1, 05B1, 07A3,
07A4, 07B2, 07B3 and 07B4

820796761.doc Page 6 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

4. Tag Convention
All protective/switching devices are assigned unique tags of the form ‘X_Y’.
The first portion of the tag (‘X’) shall be derived as follows:
a. Relays: R_
b. Current transformers: C_
c. Contactors: CO_
d. Fuses: F_
The second portion of the tag (‘Y’) shall be derived from the tags of the equipment
associated with the protected devices.
 For protective devices associated with a piece of equipment, ‘Y’ shall be
same as the equipment tag name.
 For protective devices between two items of equipment, ‘Y’ shall be same as the tag
name of the first equipment, followed by underscore and then the tag name of the
second equipment
5. Feeder Types
Circuit Circuit
Application Application
Type Type
ZA Only SFU <=63A ZE SFU + Contactor DOL
ZB SFU + Contactor <=63A ZF SFU + Contactor DOL
ZC SFU + Contactor + ELR >63A ZG ACB Feeder DOL
ZD SFU + Contactor DOL ZH ACB Feeder upto 800A

820796761.doc Page 7 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

6. Protection Types

Feeder
Circuit Type Protection Type Selected Relay Type
Type

0.415kV

Outgoing – to non-motor
ZA Fuse
consumers<=63A

Outgoing – to non-motor consumers with

ZB Fuse
ext interface<=63A

Outgoing – to non-motor
ZC Fuse + ELR
consumers>63A

ZD/ZE/ZF Outgoing – to Motor up to 90kW Fuse + MPR MComp

ZG Outgoing – to Motor<=160kW MPR REM 615

ZH & ZJ Outgoing – to Other Boards> & <=800A Feeder Protection Relay REF 615

- Incomer & Bus Coupler Feeder Protection Relay REF 615, REU 615

11kV

Z3 / Z4 Outgoing – to Motor NA

Z5 Outgoing – to Transformer Feeder Protection Relay REF 615

ZX Outgoing – to Tie Feeder NA

REF 615, REU 615,

- Incomer Feeder Protection Relay
RED 615

- BusCoupler Feeder Protection Relay REF 615

11kV

Outgoing from HT-248 to ETP

- Feeder Protection Relay REF 615, RED 615
Switchboard ES-GPV105-01

820796761.doc Page 8 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

7. Operating Conditions:
7.1. Minimum – 250MVA (13.12kA @ 11kV)
7.2. Maximum – 501.1MVA (26.3kA @ 11kV)
7.3. Normal – 501.1MVA (26.3kA @ 11kV)

8. General Protection Co-Ordination Philosophy

8.1. Fault clearance times shall be estimated as relay time plus switching device opening time.
Average opening times of circuit breakers have been taken as:
 33kV GIS opening time (vendor) – 60ms
 6.6kV / 11kV vacuum circuit breakers opening time (vendor) – 35ms
 415V air circuit breakers opening time (vendor) – 40ms
8.2. Based on the tables given below, the minimum grading interval between inverse time and
definite time relays is set 0.25s to account for the total relay timing error, CT ratio error,
CB interrupting time, Relay overshoot time & Safety margin.
For Definite Time relays, the minimum grading interval of 0.2s is set.

820796761.doc Page 9 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

8.3. Fuses
The operating time of a fuse is a function of both the pre-arcing and arcing time of the
fusing element, which follows the I 2t law. To achieve proper co-ordination between two
fuses in series, it is necessary to ensure that the total I 2t taken by the smaller fuse is not
greater than the pre-arcing I2t value of the larger fuse. It has been established by tests that
satisfactory grading between the two fuses will generally be achieved if the current rating
ratio between them is greater than two.
The minimum grading interval t' between inverse time relays and fuses shall be set in
accordance with the formula:
t' = 0.4t + 0.10 seconds = 0.4 x 0.01 + 0.10 = 0.104s
where, t = nominal operating time of fuse = 10ms
When grading inverse time relays with fuses, it should be ensured that the relay backs up
the fuse and not vice versa, since it is very difficult to maintain correct discrimination at
high values of fault current because of the fast operation of the fuse.
The relay characteristic best suited for co-ordination with fuses is normally that of the
extremely inverse relay, which follows a similar I2t characteristic. For satisfactory co-
ordination between the extremely inverse relay and the fuse, the primary current setting
of the relay should be approximately three times the current rating of the fuse.
As fuse can reliably trip from their min breaking current i.e. 2.5 to 3 times their rated
current. For currents between their rated current & min breaking current, fuses can not
reliably operate
8.4. Switchboards have short time current withstand rating of 1 second. No short circuit
protection settings are therefore allowed to exceed 1s.
8.5. Protection discrimination and operational sensitivity shall be established for the maximum
and minimum three phase fault currents as shown in the Power System Study Report. The
minimum three phase fault currents are generally based upon the least number of
generators and a transformer outage, and excludes the short-circuit current contribution
from motors.
8.6. Based on the transformer data sheets furnished by the manufacturers, the transformer inrush
current shall be considered as follows:

820796761.doc Page 10 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

 33/6.9kV transformers: 8 times full load current for 0.2s

 11/0.433kV transformers: 8 times full load current for 0.2s
8.7. Step Down Transformers
(a) Phase overcurrent protection on the HV and LV sides of step-down transformers shall
be set to pick up between 105%-110% of the transformer rated current in order to
provide a degree of overload protection albeit not thermally matched to the
transformer. However the setting can be increased if required to achieve proper
grading time with the downstream protections.
(b) The 11kV switchgear and the 415V PCCs are provided with ‘Reverse Interlock’
between the outgoing feeders and the incomers. The contacts of the overcurrent
protection provided on the outgoing feeders are used to block the operation of the high
set overcurrent protection provided on the incomers. This allows the high-set
overcurrent protection on the incomers to be set with time delay of 100ms to provide
fast busbar protection. The high-set overcurrent on the incomers and the instantaneous
overcurrent on the outgoing feeders are set for the same pickup level at minimum
150% of transformer rated current.
(c) The 11kV switchgear and the 415V PCCs are provided with ‘Reverse Interlock’
between the buscoupler and the incomers. The contacts of the IDMT overcurrent and
earth fault protections provided on the buscoupler are used to block the operation of
the IDMT overcurrent and earth fault protection provided on the incomers. This allows
the IDMT overcurrent and earth fault protection on the incomers to be set with the
same time delay as that on the bus coupler.
(d) The high-set instantaneous pickup setting on the HV side of step down transformers
should be set as the higher of the following current values:
 Transformer inrush current
 150% of the reflected current at HV for a fault on the LV side of the transformer
It shall be ensured that the high-set instantaneous pickup setting selected on the above
basis is less than the minimum short circuit current at the transformer HV side.

820796761.doc Page 11 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

8.8. The 415V system is solidly earthed. Discrimination shall be provided for earth fault
protection between incomer and outgoing feeders.
8.9. The 11kV system is resistance earthed with the earth fault current limited to 2000A.
Discrimination shall be provided for earth fault protection between incomer and outgoing
feeders.
8.10. Philosophy for Setting up Under voltage Protection
Motor Feeders
Under voltage protection shall be set to distinguish between normal transient under
voltage occurring due to the motor starting or load additions, and the severe under voltage
associated with system fault conditions. Transient voltage dips to 80% of nominal voltage
will be regarded as normal and values below 80% as abnormal. Motors shall be tripped
on abnormal under voltage in order to protect the motor from the transient torques that
occur when the voltage is depressed and restored in rapid succession.
The under voltage setting shall also be selected to ensure that the motor does not stall due
to load torque requirement exceeding the motor pull-out torque while operating at
reduced voltages.
The under voltage settings for motor feeders shall be selected as follows:
Voltage: 75% of nominal voltage (set below the minimum normal voltage limit of 80%)
Time: 0.8s (set above the operating time of the incomer/outgoing feeder overcurrent and
earth fault protections, thus preventing nuisance tripping of the motor feeders under
temporary under voltage conditions due to fault elsewhere in the electrical system).
Overcurrent and under voltage protection should be checked for coordination.

820796761.doc Page 12 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

Generally, to avoid momentary overload on battery, max. 2 nos motor feeders are tripped
with the delay of 0.8s. Tripping of rest of the motors is staggered over next 0.2s.
However, battery vendor has confirmed that there’s no restriction on simultaneous
breaker closing hence under voltage element of all motors has been set identical.
Transformer Feeders/Bulk Feeders
It is not intended to trip non-motor feeders on occurrence of under voltage.
Incomers
The under voltage protection for the switchboard incomers is related to the operation of
the switchboard auto change over scheme.
8.11. Philosophy for Auto Change Over (ACO) Scheme
ACO schemes are provided for 11kV and 415V systems. This enables automatic closing
of the bus coupler circuit breaker on loss of normal supply to any of the bus sections. The
following conditions shall be fulfilled before the ACO scheme issues closing command to
the bus coupler Circuit Breaker:
 All outgoing motor feeders connected to the de-energised bus are tripped on under
voltage. This will prevent simultaneous restarting of these motors on resumption of
power supply to the bus section.
 One of the two incomers to the switchboard is tripped on under voltage protection.
 The voltage at the de-energised bus is less than 20% of the nominal voltage.
 The circuit breaker on the ‘healthy’ incomer is in the ‘service’ position and closed.
 The voltage at the ‘healthy’ bus is more than 80% of the nominal voltage.
ACO schemes shall be blocked by high set over current and earth fault protection when
there is a bus fault.
In addition, the overcurrent protection on the HV side of the incomer transformer shall
be graded with the incomer overcurrent protection to ensure that the upstream relay does
not clear a switchboard bus fault before the incomer protection operates and inhibits the
ACO scheme.
Also, no trip - that is not related to the switchboard bus fault - shall hit the 86 of the
incomer relay.
(a) Under voltage protection settings for ACO scheme on 11kV Switchboards
The under voltage protection for the motor feeders shall be set at 75% of the nominal
voltage with a time delay of 0.8s.
Under voltage protection for incoming feeders shall be set at 75% of the nominal voltage
with time delay of 0.9s. This allows tripping of the outgoing motor feeders on under
voltage protection prior to tripping of incomer Circuit Breaker and initiation of the ACO
scheme.
Under voltage protection for the bus sections shall be set at 20% nominal voltage with no
time delay to indicate “dead bus” conditions, permitting operation of the ACO scheme.

820796761.doc Page 13 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

The total operation time of the ACO scheme at 11kV switchboards shall be 0.9s (Incomer
under voltage protection time delay) + 0.06s (Incomer CB opening time) + 0.06s (Bus
coupler CB closing time) = 1.02s
(b) Under voltage protection settings for ACO scheme on 415V Switchboards
The ACO scheme for the 415V PCCs shall be time-delayed to take place only if the
operation of the ACO scheme at the upstream 11kV Switchboards has not occurred.
The under voltage protection for motor feeders shall be set at 75% of the nominal voltage
with 0.8s time delay.
Under voltage protection for the incomer feeder shall be set at 75% of the nominal
voltage with 1.2s time delay (graded with the time delay settings of the upstream 6.6kV
Switchboard ACO scheme).
Under voltage protection for the bus sections shall be set at 20% nominal voltage with no
time delay to indicate “dead bus” conditions, permitting operation of the ACO scheme.
The total operation time of the ACO scheme at 415V switchboards shall be 1.2s (Incomer
under voltage protection time delay) + 0.05s (Incomer CB opening time) + 0.05s (Bus
coupler CB closing time) = 1.3s
For PMCCs with 2 incomers connected to upstream PCC and one incomer from DG (i.e.
with incomer configuration of PCC-PCC-DG), the ACO scheme shall be time-delayed to
take place only if the operation of the ACO scheme at the upstream 415V PCC has not
occurred. Hence, the under voltage protection for the PMCC incomers fed from upstream
PCC shall be set at 75% of the nominal voltage with 1.5s time delay (graded with the
time delay settings of the upstream 415V PCC ACO scheme).
For PMCCs with 1 incomer each from upstream PCC and PMCC (i.e. with incomer
configuration of PCC-PMCC), the ACO scheme shall be time-delayed to take place only
if the operation of the ACO scheme at the upstream 415V PCC/PMCC has not occurred.
Hence, the under voltage protection for the PMCC incomers shall be set at 75% of the
nominal voltage with 1.8s time delay (graded with the time delay settings of the upstream
415V PMCC ACO scheme).

* 6.6kV Switchboard in above table shall be read as 11kV switchboard

(c) Black-out holding philosophy:

820796761.doc Page 14 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

In case both the incomers' relays simultaneously sense under voltage,

 under voltage tripping will get blocked in both the relays. This is achieved by
providing binary output of under voltage pickup from one incomer relay to the binary
input of other incomer relay.
 If incomer-1 is tripped on under voltage, the incomer-2 under voltage will be
blocked by incomer-1 under voltage pick-up. This is applicable for 11kV & 0.415kV.
8.12. LV fused contactors
In the case of fused contactor feeders, any fault currents in excess of the contactor’s
breaking capability are cleared by the fuse, thus avoiding the contactor being required to
break a fault current beyond its capability. Where necessary overload or earth fault relay
operation shall be time delayed to ensure the fuse operates before the contactor opens for
fault currents beyond its capability. Contactors breaking capability are listed in Ref.14,
which for utilization category AC-3 (squirrel cage induction motors started DOL) is
minimum 8 times rated operational current.
8.13. Momentary Voltage Dip Group Restart
The Incomer over current trip setting shall be set such that it doesn’t mal operate during
motor group start on the respective board base load.
None of the inrush mentioned above is expected to affect the over current settings of the
Incomer.
8.14. Motor requiring Reacceleration on momentary voltage dip
For HV motors, vendor have programmed SEL logic to achieve this feature.
For LV motors, this feature is achieved in intelligent relay MComp.

9. Protection for Different Circuit Types

9.1. 11kV Incomer Feeder
(a) Highset instantaneous overcurrent for reverse interlocking scheme shall be set at 150%
of rated current with definite time delay of 100ms.
(b) The incomer IDMT overcurrent and definite time earth fault protection settings shall
be kept same as the settings for the bus coupler protection. These protections shall
coordinate with the over current and the earth fault protection of the outgoing feeders,
to provide backup protection to the outgoing feeders.
(c) It shall be ensured that the over current protection does not operate during the starting
of the largest connected motor with the maximum possible standing load.
(d) The earth fault protection shall be definite-time type, set at 1000A and graded with the
outgoing feeders to provide backup protection to the outgoing feeders.

REF 615 Phase Overcurrent & Residual Earth Fault

820796761.doc Page 15 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5
Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

9.2. 11kV Bus Coupler

(a) The bus coupler IDMT overcurrent and definite time earth fault protection shall
coordinate with the over current and the earth fault protections of the outgoing feeders,
to provide backup protection to the outgoing feeders.
(b) It shall be ensured that the overcurrent protection does not operate during the starting
of the largest connected motor.
(c) The instantaneous overcurrent protection on the buscoupler shall be blocked from use.
9.3. 11kV outgoing to 2MVA / 2.5MVA Transformer – Z5 / ZX
(a) High set over current protection
The protection shall be instantaneous and the pick up value shall be arrived at by
considering the conditions listed below. The higher of the two current values, thus
arrived, shall be set as pick up.
 8 times the transformer full load current (to account for the inrush current)
 1.5 times the through fault current reflected on the 11kV side, for a fault on the LV
side of the transformer
& shall be lower than the HV side min. fault level.
(b) IDMT over current protection
The protection will act as a backup to the protection provided on the LV side Incomer.
It will also act as the primary protection for the circuit between the transformer 11kV
terminals and the LV incomer breaker. It shall be set to 1.1 times the transformer FLC
and coordinated with the protection setting characteristics provided on the LV side
incomer.
The IDMT overcurrent pickup shall also be used in the reverse interlocking scheme.
(c) Earth Fault Protection
The 11/0.433kV 2MVA transformers are delta/star-wound with delta on the 11kV side,
thereby isolating the HV side from the LV side earth fault current. Therefore, no earth
fault relay grading can be done with respect to the LV side. Earth fault protection shall
be set at 10% of maximum earth fault current (2000A) with time delay of 0.1s.

9.4. 415V PCC Incomer

(a) Highset instantaneous overcurrent for reverse interlocking shall be set at 150% of
transformer rated current with definite time delay of 100ms.
(b) The incomer IDMT overcurrent and earth fault protection settings shall be kept same
as the settings for the bus coupler protection. These protections shall coordinate with
the over current and the earth fault protection of the outgoing feeders, to provide
backup protection to the outgoing feeders.

820796761.doc Page 16 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

(c) It shall be ensured that the over current protection does not operate during the starting
of the largest connected motor with the maximum possible standing load & the group
restart load.
(d) The earth fault protection shall be IDMT type, set at 30% and graded with the outgoing
feeder to provide backup protection to the outgoing feeders.
(e) Standby earth fault protection shall be IDMT type, set at 30% and graded with the
incomer earth fault protection. This protection shall trip the circuit breakers on both
11kV and 415V sides of the transformer.

REF 615 Phase Overcurrent & Residual Earth Fault Elements

REF 615 REF & SEF Elements

REF 615 & REU 615 Voltage Elements

820796761.doc Page 17 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

9.5. 415V PCC Bus Coupler

(a) The bus coupler IDMT overcurrent and earth fault protection shall coordinate with the
over current and the earth fault protection of the outgoing feeders, to provide backup
protection to the outgoing feeders.
(b) It shall be ensured that the overcurrent protection does not operate during the starting
of the largest connected motor.
(c) The instantaneous overcurrent protection on the buscoupler shall be blocked from use.

9.6. 415V PCC feeder to MCC /PMCC – ZH / ZJ

The 415V PCC feeder to MCC/PMCC is provided with overcurrent and earth fault
protection at the PCC end.
(a) Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection
The IDMT protection shall be coordinated with the largest downstream fuse. To have a
proper coordination with the fuse, an extremely inverse characteristic shall be adopted.
The two characteristics combine to give a very effective protection.
(b) Since the PMCC is provided with ACO scheme, the overcurrent and earth fault
protection for the tie feeder at the PCC end shall be graded with the protection at the
PMCC incomer.
(c) The IDMT overcurrent pickup shall also be used in the reverse interlocking scheme to
block the high set instantaneous overcurrent protection on the incomer.

9.7. Low Voltage (415V) Motor Feeder – ZD / ZE / ZF

(a) Short circuit protection
In the case of fused contactor feeders, any fault currents in excess of the contactor’s
breaking capability are cleared by the fuse.
For breaker-controlled motors, the short circuit protection shall be set at 10 times the
FLC to avoid nuisance tripping during motor starting. No intentional time delay shall
be provided for this protection.
(b) Thermal over current protection
Overload protection shall be set at 100% of FLC and shall be coordinated with motor
locked-rotor time, starting characteristics and thermal withstand curves.

820796761.doc Page 18 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

(c) For breaker-controlled motors, IDMT negative phase sequence protection shall be set
as per the I22t value indicated by the motor manufacturer. In case this is not available,
I22t = 20 as indicated in IEC 60034 shall be used as the basis for the relay setting. In
addition to the IDMT negative phase sequence protection, the high-set negative phase
sequence protection shall be used to achieve fast clearance for severe unbalances like
loss-of-phase conditions.
(d) Earth fault protection
For contactor-controlled motor feeders rated upto 15kW, earth fault protection shall be
provided by the M Comp relay (as part of the unbalance protection). time delay is
provided with the earth fault protection to ensure the fuse operates before the contactor
opens for fault currents beyond its capability.
For contactor-controlled motor feeders rated 15kW & above and breaker-controlled
motor feeders, CBCT-fed earth fault protection is provided. The sensitivity of the
CBCT and the minimum settings available on the associated relay allow earth fault
current of the order of 1A to be detected and reliably tripped. For contactor-controlled
motor feeders, the operation of the relay shall be time delayed (3 seconds) to ensure
the fuse operates before the contactor opens for fault currents beyond its capability.
(e) Where required (e.g., pumps requiring dry run protection), under current protection shall
be provided set at 40% of FLC with time delay of 10s. This shall be reconfirmed from
the rotary equipment manufacturer.
(f) Other motor protection settings shall be set in accordance with recommendation by
motor manufacturer.
9.8. Low Voltage (415V) contactor-controlled Switch-Fuse Feeder – ZA / ZB / ZC
(a) Short circuit protection
Short circuit protection for contactor-controlled Switch-fuse feeders shall be provided
by the fuse.
(b) Earth fault protection
415V contactor-controlled Switch-fuse feeders are provided with CBCT-fed earth fault
relay set at 1A. The operation of the relay shall be time delayed (3 seconds) to ensure
the fuse operates before the contactor opens for fault currents beyond its capability
10. Formulae
Curve Type IEC Equation for TMS evaluation

NI (Normal Inverse) t = Tp * 0.14/ (MOC 0.02-1)

VI (Very Inverse) t = Tp * 13.5/ (MOC-1)

EI (Extremely Inverse) t = Tp * 80/ (MOC 2-1)

LI (Long-Time Inverse) t = Tp * 120/ (MOC-1)

820796761.doc Page 19 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
 AKER POWERGAS PVT LTD

Where,
t = Relay Tripping Time
Tp = TMS (Time Multiplier Setting)
MOC (Multiple Of Current) = fault current/pick up current

820796761.doc Page 20 of 20 1714/PROJ/007 REV 5

Copyright © 2012 Aker Powergas Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved