PRACTICAL 1:- Study of software and hardware requirements of various

Operating Systems (Windows/Linux/Unix) and Implementation of DOS

commands on command prompt.
A. Windows
Here's what it takes to upgrade to Windows 10 on your PC or tablet:

Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor or SoC

RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit

Hard disk space: 16 GB for 32-bit OS or 20 GB for 64-bit OS

Graphics card: DirectX 9 or later with WDDM 1.0 driver

Display: 800 x 600

Below are some additional details regarding requirements for key features:

1. BitLocker Drive Encryption

• BitLocker Drive Encryption is a data protection feature that integrates with the

operating system and addresses the threats of data theft or exposure from lost,

stolen, or inappropriately decommissioned computers.

• (available with Windows 10 Pro or Windows 10 Enterprise only) requires a Trusted

Platform Module (TPM) 1.2 or higher and Trusted Computing Group (TCG)-compliant

BIOS or UEFI.

• BitLocker can be used on devices without TPM, but you will need to save a

startup key on a removable device such as a USB flash drive.

• TPM 2.0 and InstantGo support is required when you want to automatically encrypt the

local drive when joining a device to Azure Active Directory (AAD).

• Check with your PC manufacturer to confirm if your device supports the correct TPM

version and InstantGo for the scenario you want to enable.

2. BitLocker To Go is BitLocker Drive Encryption on removable data drives. This

feature

includes the encryption of:

• USB flash drives

• SD cards

• External hard disk drives

• Other drives that are formatted by using the NTFS, FAT16, FAT32, or exFAT file

system.

As with BitLocker, you can open drives that are encrypted by BitLocker To Go by
using

a password or smart card on another computer.

In Control Panel, use BitLocker Drive Encryption. It requires a USB flash drive
(available

in Windows 10 Pro and Windows 10 Enterprise only).

3. Client Hyper-V

• Many of you need to run multiple operating systems.

• Hyper-V lets you run multiple operating systems as virtual machines on Windows.

• Hyper-V specifically provides hardware virtualization.

• That means each virtual machine runs on virtual hardware.

• Hyper-V lets you create virtual hard drives, virtual switches, and a number of other

virtual devices all of which can be added to virtual machines.

• It requires a 64-bit system with second level address translation (SLAT) capabilities and

additional 2 GB of RAM (available in Windows 10 Pro and Windows 10 Enterprise only).

4. Cortana
• It is a virtual assistant developed by Microsoft which uses the Bing search engine to perform
tasks such as setting reminders and answering questions for the user.

• It is only currently available on Windows 10 for the United States, United Kingdom,

China, France, Italy, Germany, Brazil, Mexico, Japan, Canada, Spain, Australia and India.

5. Microsoft account is required for some features.

6. Miracast
• Miracast is a wireless display standard designed for mirroring a smartphone, tablet, or

PC’s screen to a television without requiring any physical HDMI cables. It’s becoming more
widespread with each passing day.

• It requires a display adapter which supports Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM)

1.3, and a Wi-Fi adapter that supports Wi-Fi Direct.

7. Movies & TV application is not available in all regions. For the most up-to-date list of

regions, please go to the Movies & TV information page.

8. Secure boot requires firmware that supports UEFI v2.3.1 Errata B and has the
Microsoft

Windows Certification Authority in the UEFI signature database. 9. Skype is available

only in select countries and regions. Calling to select countries and

regions only. Excludes special, premium and non-geographic numbers. For details, visit
the

Office FAQ page.

10.Snap: The number of applications that can be snapped will depend upon the
minimum

resolution for the application with a limit of two applications in Tablet mode and four

applications in Desktop mode.

11. Speech recognition

It will vary by device microphone. For a better speech experience, you will need a:

i. High fidelity microphone array ii. Hardware driver with microphone

array geometry exposed

12.Tablet mode is available on tablets and 2-in-1s with GPIO indicators or those that
have a

laptop and slate indicator will be able to be configured to enter "tablet mode"
automatically.
13.Touch: To use touch, you need a tablet or a monitor that supports multi-touch.

14.Two-factor authentication requires the use of a PIN, Biometric (finger print reader
or

illuminated infrared camera), or a phone with Wi-Fi or Bluetooth capabilities.

15.Windows Hello requires a camera configured for near infrared (IR) imaging or
fingerprint

reader for biometric authentication. Devices without biometric sensors can use Windows
Hello

with a PIN or a portable Microsoft compatible security key.

16. Xbox

• It is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft. The brand consists of five
video

game consoles, as well as applications (games), streaming services, an online service by

the

name of Xbox network, and the development arm by the name of Xbox Game Studios.
The

brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the

original Xbox console.

• Its application requires an Xbox Live account, which is not available in all regions.

17. Wi-Fi Direct Printing requires a Wi-Fi adapter that supports Wi-Fi Direct and a
device

that supports Wi-Fi Direct Printing.

Windows Command

Part I: Important commands

1. driverquery
Drivers are very important in your PC. Missing a important driver can hamper your
work. Use driverquery command to get a full list of installed drivers in your pc. It’ll
help you to find the missing driver.
2. ipconfig
ipconfig will provide you your ip address along with your local network.
3. Systeminfo
Use systeminfo to know very basic information about your pc’s hardware, like –
motherboard, processor & ram.
4. ping
The ping command sends packets of data to a specific IP address (or domain) on a network
and then lets you know how long it took to transmit that data and get a response.
5. tasklist
Use tasklist to get current list of all tasks running on your pc.

6. Change the drive

Use the cd.. command to go one folder up.

7. Create a new directory / Folder (mkdir)

 You can make a new folder using the mkdir (Make Directory) command. The syntax of
these commands is mkdir Folder.

1. Dir
To test if it worked, use the dir command. The newly created folder appears in the list.
If you are working on the “C:” drive and you want to create a new folder in “D:,” called
Google, type mkdir d:\Google and then press Enter.

Type “dir” to see the list of the files and “dir /a” to see the list of the hidden files as well. Make
hello.txt visible again.

2. Cls
To clear the existing commands in prompts type cls and press Enter.cls
Part II. In this part basic DOS commands will be introduced.

1. Execute the two MS-DOS commands which will set the default to the root directory (\) on
the d: drive.d:cd \

2. Type date and time and then press ENTER. DOS will let you check and change the date and
time. If the correct date/time is displayed, simply press ENTER. If the date/time is incorrect,
type the correct date/time and press ENTER.

3. Type ver to display the Windows OS’s version number.

4. Use the dir command to list the contents of the root directory on the d: drive (i.e. d:\> dir).
5. Type “help [command]” to display help information on that command. (i.e. help dir)
Part III. In the steps below we will create a simple text file called hello.txt, make two
directories, mydir and mysubdir and copy hello.txt into the subdirectories. We will then
delete the copies of hello.txt and remove the directories under mydir.

1. Invoke the MS-DOS full screen text editor utility EDIT (if your OS does not support EDIT
then use notepad command i.e. notepad hello.txt) to create a text file called hello.txt:
d:\> notepad hello.txt
Enter the line “Hello World!” use File|Save and File|Exit to save your work and to quit EDIT.

2. Use the type command to display contents of hello.txt.

d:\> type hello.txt
You should see: Hello World!

3. Use the md command to create (make) a new directory called mydir. d:\> md mydir
4. Use the cd command to change the default directory to mydir. d:\> cd mydir

5. Use dir to display the contents of mydir. It should contain no files except for "pointers" to
itself and its parent.
d:\mydir> dir

6. Use the copy command to copy the file hello.txt in the root directory to mydir.
d:\mydir> copy d:\hello.txt

7. Use dir to display the contents of mydir. You should see hello.txt listed.
d:\mydir> dir
8. Use md to create (make) a subdirectory for mydir called mysubdir.
d:\mydir> md mysubdir

9. Use cd to change the default directory to mysubdir. d:\mydir> cd mysubdir

10.Copy hello.txt to mysubdir. Use the mydir directory copy of hello.txt. d:\mydir\mysubdir>
copy d:\mydir\hello.txt

11. Make a second copy of hello.txt but call it hello1.txt. d:\mydir\mysubdir> copy d:\hello.txt
hello1.txt

12. Use the ren (rename) command to rename hello.txt as hello2.txt. d:\mydir\mysubdir>
rename hello.txt hello2.txt

13.Check your work - display the contents of mydir. d:\mydir\mysubdir> tree \mydir

14.Check that the content of hello2.txt has not changed by displaying it.
d:\mydir\mysubdir> type hello2.txt

15. Using a wildcard delete all files with a .txt extension in mysubdir.
d:\mydir\mysubdir> del *.txt

16. Use the dir command to check that both files are gone. d:\mydir\mysubdir> dir

17.Return to the mydir directory. d:\mydir\mysubdir> cd \mydir

18. Use the dir command to view the contents of the mydir directory.
d:\mydir> dir

19. Use the rd command to remove the mysubdir directory.

d:\mydir> rd mysubdir

20. Use the dir command to check that the mysubdir subdirectory is gone. d:\mydir> dir
21. Return to the root directory. d:\mydir> cd \

Part IV: Basis commands and their functions

cd : Change directory or display current directory path.
cls : Clear the window.
dir : Display list of contents of current directory.
help : Display list of commands or help about a command.
notepad : Run the Windows Notepad text editor.
type : Displays the contents of a text file.
attrib : Displays or changes file attributes.
assoc : Displays or modifies file extension associations.
chkdsk : Checks a disk and displays a status report.
color : Sets the text and background colors.
comp : Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.
copy : Copies one or more files to another location.
date : Displays or sets the computer's date
del (or erase): Deletes one or more files.
echo : Displays messages, or turns command echoing on/off.
exit : Closes the DOS window.
find : Searches for a text string in a file or files.
md (or mkdir) : Creates a directory.
more : Displays the contents of a file one screen at a time.
move : Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory.
rd (or rmdir) : Removes a directory.
ren (or rename) : Renames a file or files.
sort : Sorts input.
time : Displays or sets the computer's time.
tree : Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or directory.
xcopy : Copies files and directory trees.
A. LINUX:- Write hardware requirement, software requirement and 5 commands and run
it on any online Linux virtual environment

B. UNIX:- Write hardware requirement, software requirement and 5 commands and run
it on any online UNIX virtual environment