Cotton Fiber

AROR UNIVERSITY OF ART, ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN, AND
HERITAGE, SUKKUR PAKISTAN
Overview of Textile Fiber and Cotton Fiber

Lecture # 3-4
Course: Basic Textile Materials Dr. Mujahid Mehdi

Code: TED 102 Assistant Professor
Program: Fashion Design Faculty of Design
Batch: Fall 24 [email protected]
Fiber
What is Fiber?
• A material which have high length to

width (diameter) ratio
• Probably >1000:1
• Flexible
Textile Fiber
What is Textile Fiber?
A textile fiber is a material characterized by flexibility, high

length to width ratio and ability to twist/spun.
History of Textile Fibers
The history of textile fibers is almost as old as the history of

civilization especially for natural fibers.
The history of manmade fibers is said to be as long as the

20thcentury.
Traces of natural fibres have been located to ancient

civilizations all over the globe. For many thousand years, the
usage of fiber was limited by natural fibres such as flax,
cotton, silk, wool and plant fibres for different applications.
Flax is considered to be the oldest and the most used natural

fibre since ancient times
General Characteristics of
Textile Fibers for Apparel
Although different fibers have differing characteristics, there
are characteristics which are considered for apparel
application. These can fully be described as below:
• High length to width ratio
• Spun ability / Twist ability
• Strength and elasticity
• They must be resistant to heat, chemicals and sun light
• Ability to take-up or absorb color

Classification of Textile Fiber
Fibers can broadly be classified in two different ways.
1. Classification according to length
2. Classification according to source and origin

Under this classification fibers fall into three major categories,

that are;
• Staple
• Filament
• linters
Textile Fibers
Natural Fibers Synthetic Fibers
Protein Based
Plant Based Fibers Polyester
Fibers
Cotton Wool Nylon
Jute Silk Spandex
Sisal Camel Carbon
Banana Mohair Kewlar
Kapok
Cotton Fiber
Cotton Fiber
Cotton is obtained from a plant and grows from

the surface of seeds in the pods or bolls and so is
also called “seed-hair fiber.
It is one of the oldest fibers known to mankind.

Its history is more than 5000 years old.
Indian Subcontinent was the principal country in

growing cotton and manufacturing cotton fabrics
which were well known all over the world
Cotton Fiber
Cotton Fiber
Manufacturing Process
Properties
Properties
Microscopic Properties
Physical Properties
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Uses of Cotton fiber
Cotton is the single most widely used fiber and it is

an excellent choice for a multitude of purposes.
in, these fabrics are very comfortable to wear in

hot humid climate in tropical country like India.
Due to its good heat resistance they can be used

very safely while working in kitchen or while
bursting fire crackers.
Cotton fiber has high wet strength and most soaps

and detergents used in home laundering do not
have any harmful effect on them.
This makes the fabric care less demanding and hence most of cotton fabrics
can be laundered and dried at home without any special precautions.
Cotton is extensively used with man made fibers to achieve new combinations
of properties that are not available in the fibers separately.
In such blends the cotton fiber contributes characteristics of comfort,

absorbency, softness while manmade fibers add strength and easy care.
The fibers have great importance in medical field.

Bed sheets, pillow covers, curtains used in

hospitals can be easily sterilized by autoclave.
Due to its high absorbency they are used for
bandages.
It is also favorite fabric for various active sports
wear.
Cotton due to its high absorbency, absorbs sweat
and hence are comfortable as sports wear and for
summer clothing.
Inner garments, hosiery items, scarf, sarees, hand gloves, socks, hats, caps, shirts,
pants and various sports wear.
curtains, bed sheets, pillow covers, napkins, table cover & mats, towels, mattress,
bathroom mats etc.
Threads, bandages, gauze, sterilized cotton, doctor’s aprons etc.

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AROR UNIVERSITY OF ART, ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN, AND

HERITAGE, SUKKUR PAKISTAN

Overview of Textile Fiber and Cotton Fiber

Course: Basic Textile Materials Dr. Mujahid Mehdi

• A material which have high length to

What is Textile Fiber?

A textile fiber is a material characterized by flexibility, high

The history of textile fibers is almost as old as the history of

The history of manmade fibers is said to be as long as the

Traces of natural fibres have been located to ancient

Flax is considered to be the oldest and the most used natural

• High length to width ratio

• Spun ability / Twist ability

• Strength and elasticity

• They must be resistant to heat, chemicals and sun light

• Ability to take-up or absorb color

Fibers can broadly be classified in two different ways.

1. Classification according to length

2. Classification according to source and origin

Under this classification fibers fall into three major categories,

Natural Fibers Synthetic Fibers

Cotton Wool Nylon

Jute Silk Spandex

Sisal Camel Carbon

Banana Mohair Kewlar

Cotton is obtained from a plant and grows from

It is one of the oldest fibers known to mankind.

Indian Subcontinent was the principal country in

Cotton is the single most widely used fiber and it is

in, these fabrics are very comfortable to wear in

Due to its good heat resistance they can be used

Cotton fiber has high wet strength and most soaps

In such blends the cotton fiber contributes characteristics of comfort,

The fibers have great importance in medical field.

Bed sheets, pillow covers, curtains used in

Threads, bandages, gauze, sterilized cotton, doctor’s aprons etc.

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