• family oriented nursing

• Family health: A condition including the promotion and maintenance of physical, mental,
spiritual, and social health for the family unit and for individual family members.

• Family centered nursing: Nursing that considers health of the family as a unit in addition to the
health of individual family members.

• Definition of family health nursing

• Family health nursing is a nursing aspect of organized family health care services which are
directed or focused on family as the unit care with health as the goal.

• OBJECTIVES OF FAMILY HEALTH NURSING

• To identify health & nursing needs and problems of each family.

• • To ensure family’s understanding and acceptance of these needs and problems. • To plan and
provide health and nursing services with the active participation of family members.

• • To help families develop abilities to deal with their health needs and health problems
independently.

• To contribute to family’s performance of developmental functions and tasks.

• • To help family make intelligent use of promotive, preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitative
health and allied facilities and services in the community.

• • To educate, counsel and guide family members to cultivate good personal health habits, practice
safe cultural practices and maintain wholesome physical, psychosocial, and spiritual environment.

• PRINCIPLES OF FAMILY HEALTH NURSING

• 1. Provide services without discrimination

• 2. Periodic and continuous appraisal and evaluation of family health situation

• 3. Proper maintenance of record and reports.

• 4. Provide continuous services

• 5. Health education, guidance and supervision as integral part of family health nursing.

• 6. Maintain good IPR.

• 7. Plan and provide family health nursing with active participation of family.

• 8. Services should be realistic in terms of resources available.

• 9. Encourage family to contribute towards community health.

• 10.Active participation in making health care delivery system.

• ADVANTAGES OF FAMILY HEALTH NURSING

• • Family health nursing of patients saves hospital beds that can be utilized for critical cases.
• • Family health nursing is cheaper than hospital nursing.

• • Patient under family health nursing enjoys privacy and emotional support.

• • Patients on family health nursing can continue with their routine .

• • If the patient resides in a sanitary house, family health nursing is better than hospital nursing
since

• DISADVANTAGES OF FAMILY HEALTH NURSING

• • Family health nursing requires the nurse to carry portable laboratory machinery to the patent’s
home.

• • If the patient resides in a substandard house, family health nursing could delay his recovery.

• FAMILY CENTERED NURSING APPROCH

• •The four approaches included in the family health nursing care views are:

• 1.Family as the context

• 2.Family as the client

• 3.Family as a system

• 4.Family as a component of society

• 1. Family as the context

• Individual as foreground Family as background

• When the nurse views the family as context, the primary focus is on the health and development
of an individual member existing within a specific environment (i.e., the client’s family).

• Although the nurse focuses the nursing process on the individual’s health status, the nurse also
assesses the extent to which the family provides the individual’s basic needs.

• 2. Family as the client

• The family is the foreground and individuals are in the background.

• The family is seems as the sum of individuals family members.

• The focus is concentrated on each and every individual as they affect the whole family.

• From this perspective, a nurse might ask a family member who has just become ill. Tell me about
what has been going on with your own health and how your perceive each family member
responding to your mother’s recent diagnosis of liver cancer.

• 3. Family as a system

• The focus is on the family as a client and it is viewed as an international system in which the
whole is more than the sum of its parts.
• This approach focuses on the individual and family members become the target for nursing
interventions.

• Eg: the direct interaction between the parent and the child. The system approach to the family
always implies that when something happens to one affected.

• 4.Family as a component of society

• The family is seen as one of many institutions in society, along with health, educational,
religious, or economic institution.

• The family is a basic or primary unit of society, as are all the other units and they are all a part of
the larger system of society.

• The family as a whole interacts with other institutions to receive exchange or give
communications and services.

• ROLES OF FAMILY NURSING

• Health teacher:

• Coordinator, collaborator, and liaison

• Deliverer and supervisor of care and technical expert.

• Family advocate.

• Consultant.

• • Counselor.

• • Case finder and epidemiologist.

• Environmental modifier..

• • Clarifier and interpreter.

• Researcher.

• Role model.

• . • Case manager.

• Obstacles to Family Nursing Practice

• • The majority of practicing nurses have not had exposure to family concepts

• • Lack of good comphrensive family assessment models ,instruments and strategies.

• • Students believe that study of family and family nursing does not belong to curricula.

• Medical model has traditionally focused on the individual as client , not the family.

• • Nursing diagnostic systems used in health care are disease-centered /focused on individuals

•
 • COMMUNITY ORIENTED NURSING CARE

• Nursing that has as its primary focus the health care of either the community or a population of
individuals, families, and groups

• philosophy of Community-oriented nursing

• Primary focus is on "health care" of individuals, families, groups and the community, or
populations

• They focus on health promotion, health education, disease prevention, and coordination of health
care for members of the community to the benefit of the entire community

• characteristics of community-oriented nursing

• • Individuals at risk

• • Families at risk

• • Groups at risk

• • Communities

• • Usually healthy

• • Culturally diverse

• • Autonomous

• • Able to define their own problem

• • Primary decision maker

• interaction patterns of community-oriented nursing

• • One-to-one

• • Groups

• • May be organizational

• practice settings of community-oriented nursing

• • Community agencies

• • Home, • Work.• School

• • Playground

• • May be organization

• • May be government

• types of service of community-oriented nursing

• • Direct care of at-risk persons

 • • Indirect (program management)

• emphasis on levels of prevention of community-oriented nursing

• • Primary

• • Secondary (screening)

• • Tertiary (maintenance and rehabilitation)

• the priority of nurse's activities of community-oriented nursing

• • Case findings

• • Client education

• • Community education

• • Interdisciplinary practice

• • Case management (direct care)

• • Program planning and implementation

• • Individual, family, and population advocacy

• Primary Health Care

Primary health care

• The “first” level of contact between the individual and the health system.

• Essential health care (PHC) is provided.

• A majority of prevailing health problems can be satisfactorily managed.

• The closest to the people.

• Provided by the primary health centers.

Secondary health care

• More complex problems are dealt with.

• Comprises curative services

• Provided by the district hospitals

• The 1st referral level

Tertiary health care

• Offers super-specialist care

• Provided by regional/central level institution.

• Provide training programs

 • PHC is: Essential health care universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them,
through their full participation and at a cost the community and country can afford

• Principles

1. Equitable distribution
2. Community participation
3. Inter-sectoral coordination
4. Appropriate technology

• Core Activities for PHC

1. Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling
them

2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition

3. An adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation

4. Maternal and child health care, including family planning

5. Immunization against the major infectious diseases

6. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases

7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries

8. Basic laboratory services and provision of essential drugs.

9. Training of health guides, health workers and health assistants.

10. Referral services

• The Basic Requirements for Sound PHC (the 8 A’s and the 3 C’s)

• Appropriateness

• Availability

• Adequacy

• Accessibility

• Acceptability

• Affordability

• Assessability

• Accountability

• Completeness

• Comprehensiveness

• Continuity