Chapter – 10

Differential Calculus – Differentiability

& Methods of Differentiation

Ex 10.1
Question 1.
Find the derivatives of the following functions using first principle.

(i) f(x) = 6

Solution:
Given f(x) = 6
f(x + h) = 6

[h → 0 means h is very nears to zero from left to right but not zero]

(ii) f(x) = -4x + 7

Solution:
Given f(x) = -4x + 7
f(x + h) = -4(x + h) + 7
= -4x – 4h + 7
(iii) f(x) = -x2 + 2

Solution:
Given f(x) = -x2 + 2
f(x + h) = -(x + h)2 + 2
= -x2 – h2 – 2xh + 2

Question 2.
Find the derivatives from the left and from the right at x = 1 (if they exist) of
the following functions. Are the functions differentiable at x = 1?

(i) f(x) = |x – 1|

Solution:
f'(1) does not exist
∴ ‘f’ is not differentiable at x = 1.

Solution:

∴ ‘f’ is not differentiable at x = 1.

(iii)

Solution:

‘f’ is not differentiable at x = 1

Question 3.
Determine whether the following functions is differentiable at the indicated
values.

(i) f(x) = x |x| at x = 0

Solution:
Limits exists
Hence ‘f’ is differentiable at x = 0.

(ii) f(x) = |x2 – 1| at x = 1

Solution:

f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.

(iii) f(x) = |x| + |x – 1| at x = 0, 1

Solution:
∴ f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.

∴ f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.

(iv) f(x) = sin |x| at x = 0

Solution:
∴ f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.

Question 4.
Show that the following functions are not differentiable at the indicated value
of x.

(i)

Solution:

f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2.

(ii)

Solution:

f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.

Question 5.
The graph off is shown below. State with reasons that x values (the numbers),
at which f is not differentiable.

Solution:

(i) at x = – 1 and x = 8. The graph is not differentiable since ‘ has vertical

tangent at x = -1 and x = 8 (also At x = -1. The graph has shape edge v] and at
x = 8; The graph has shape peak.

(ii) At x = 4: The graph f is not differentiable, since at x =4. The graph f’ is not
continuous.

(iii) At x = 11; The graph f’ is not differentiable, since at x = 11. The tangent
line of the graph is perpendicular.

Question 6.
If f(x) = |x + 100| + x2, test whether f’ (-100) exists.

Solution:
f(x) = |x + 100| + x2

Question 7.
Examine the differentiability of functions in R by drawing the diagrams.

(i) |sin x|
Solution:

The limit exists and continuous for all x ∈ R clearly, differentiable at R — {nπ n
∈ z) Not differentiable at x = nπ, n ∈ z.

(ii) |cos x|

Solution:

Limit exist and continuous for all x ∈ R clearly, differentiable at R {(2n + 1)

π/2/n ∈ z} Not differentiable at x = (2n + 1) π/2, n ∈ Z.

Ex 10.2

Find the derivatives of the following functions with respect to corresponding

independent variables.

Question 1.
f(x) = x – 3 sinx

Solution:
f(x) = x – 3 sin x
f'(x) = 1 – 3 cos x
Question 2.
y = sin x + cos x

Solution:

Question 3.
f(x) = x sin x

Solution:
f(x) = x sin x
f'(x) = x cos x + sin x – 1
f'(x) = x cos x + sin x

Question 4.
y = cos x – 2 tan x

Solution:
dy/dx = -sin x = 2 (sec2x)
= – sin x – 2 sec2x

Question 5.
g(t) = t3 cos t

Solution:
g(t) = t3 cos t
g'(t) = t3 × – sin t + cos t × 3t2
g'(t) = – t3 sin t + 3t2 cos t
= 3t2 cos t – t3 sin t

Question 6.
g(t) = 4 sec t + tan t

Solution:
g{t) = 4 sect + tan t
g'(t) = 4(sec t tan t) + sec2t
= 4sec t tan t + sec2t
Question 7.
y = ex sin x

Solution:

Question 8.

Solution:

Question 9.

Solution:
Question 10.

Solution:

Question 11.

Solution:
Question 12.

Solution:
Question 13.
y = tan θ (sin θ + cos θ)

Solution:

Question 14.
y = cosex x. cot x

Solution:
y = u v ⇒ y’ = uv’ + vu’
u = cosec x ⇒ u’ = -cosec x cot x
v = cot x ⇒ v’ = – cosec2 x
(cosec x)(-cosec2x) + cot x(-coseç x cot x)
= cosec3x – cosec x cot2x
= – cosec x (cosec2x + cot2x)

Question 15.
y = x sin x cos x

Solution:

Question 16.
y = e-x. log x

Solution:
y = e-x logx = uv (say)
Here u = e-x and v = log x

Question 17.
y = (x2 + 5) log (1 + x)e-3x
Solution:

Question 18.
y = sin x0

Solution:

Question 19.
y = log10x

Solution:

Question 20.
Draw the function f'(x) if f(x) = 2x2 – 5x + 3
Solution:
f(x) = 2x2 – 5x + 3
f'(x) = 4x – 5
x = 0, f'(0) = 4 × 0 – 5 = – 5
x = 1, f'(0) = 4 × 1 – 5 = – 1
x = 2, f'(0) = 4 × 2 – 5 = – 3

Ex 10.3
Differentiate the following

Question 1.
y = (x2 + 4x + 6)5

Solution:
y = (x2 + 4x + 6)5
[ y = f(g(x)
Question 2.
y = tan 3x

Solution:
y = tan 3x
put u = 3x

Question 3.
y = cos (tan x)

Solution:
y = cos (tan x)
[ y = f(g(x)

Question 4.
Solution:

Question 5.

Solution:

Question 6.
y = sin (ex)

Solution:
y = sin (ex)
Let u = ex

Question 7.
F(x) = (x3 + 4x)7

Solution:
F(x) = (x3 + 4x)7
Put u = x3 + 4x

Question 8.

Solution:
Question 9.

Solution:

Question 10.
y = cos (a3 + x3)

Solution:
Question 11.
y = e-mx

Solution:

Question 12.
y = 4 sec 5x

Solution:

Question 13.
y = (2x – 5)4 (8x2 – 5)-3
Solution:

Question 14.

Solution:
Question 15.
y = xe-x2

Solution:
y = x e-x2
Question 16.

Solution:
Question 17.

Solution:

Question 18.
y = tan (cos x)

Solution:
y = tan (cos x)

Question 19.

Solution:
Question 20.

Solution:

Question 21.

Solution:
Question 22.
y = sin3x + cos3x

Solution:
y = sin3x + cos3x

Question 23.
y = sin2 (cos kx)

Solution:

Question 24.
y = (1 + cos2x)6
Solution:

Question 25.

Solution:

Question 26.
Solution:

Question 27.
y = ex cos x

Solution:

Question 28.
Solution:

Question 29.

Solution:
Question 30.

Solution:
Ex 10.4
Find the derivatives of the following functions

Question 1.
y = xcos x

Solution:
y = xcos x
Taking log on both sides
log y = log xcos x = cos x log x
differentiating w.r.to x we get

Question 2.
y = xlogx + (logx)x

Solution:
y = xlogx + (logx)x
Let y = u + v

Taking log on both sides

log u = log x log x = log (x)2
differentiating w.r.to x

Taking log on both sides

log u = log (logx)x = x log (log x)
differentiating w.r.to x
Question 3.

Solution:

Question 4.
x y = yx

Solution:
x y = yx
Taking log on both sides
logxy = logyx
(i.e.) y log x = x log y
differentiating w.r.to x

Question 5.
(cos x)log x

Solution:
y = (cos x)log x
Taking log on both sides
log y = log (cos x)log x = log x (log cos x)
Question 6.

Solution:

Differentiating w.r.to x

Question 7.

Solution:

Differentiating w.r.to x
Question 8.
tan (x + y) + tan (x – y) = x

Solution:
tan (x + y) + tan (x – y) = x
Differentiating w.r.to x we get

Question 9.
Solution:
cos (xy) = x
Differentiating w.r.to x

Question 10.

Solution:
Question 11.

Solution:

Question 12.

Solution:
Question 13.
x = a cos3t; y = a sin2t

Solution:

Question 14.
x = a (cos t + t sin t); y = a [sin t – t cos t]

Solution:
Question 15.

Solution:
Question 16.

Solution:

Question 17.
sin-1 (3x – 4x3)

Solution:

Question 18.
Solution:

Question 19.
Find the derivative of sin x2 with respect to x2

Solution:

Question 20.
Question 21.

Solution:
Question 22.

Find the derivative with with respect to

Solution:
Question 23.
If y = sin-1 then find y”.

Solution:

Question 24.
If y = etan-1x, show that (1 + x2) y” + (2x – 1) y’ = 0

Solution:
Differentiating with respect to x
(1 + x2) y” + y’ (0 + 2x) = y’
(1 + x2) y” + 2xy’ – y’ = 0
(1 + x2) y” + (2x – 1) y’ = 0

Question 25.

Solution:

-xy + (1 – x2) y1 = 1
differentiating both sides again w.r.to x
-[x y1 + y (1)] + (1 – x2) (y2) + y1 (-2x) = 0
(i.e.) -xy1 – y + (1 – x2) y2 – 2xy1 = 0
(1 – x2) y2 – 3xy1 – y = 0

Question 26.
If x = a (θ + sin θ), y = a (1 – cos θ) then prove that at θ = π/2, y” = 1/a

Solution:
Question 27.

Solution:
Question 28.

Solution:
Ex 10.5
Choose the correct or the most suitable answer from the given four
alternative.

Question 1.

Solution:
(b)

Question 2.
If y = f(x2 + 2) and f'(3) = 5, then dy/dx at x = 1 is …………….
(a) 5
(b) 25
(c) 15
(d) 10
Solution:
(d) 10

Question 3.

Solution:
(c)
Question 4.
If f(x) = x2 – 3x, then the points at which f(x) = f'(x) are …………………..
(a) both positive integers
(b) both negative integers
(c) both irrational
(d) one rational and another irrational

Solution: (c) both irrational

f(x) = x2 – 3x
f'(x) = 2x – 3
Given f(x) = f'(x)
⇒ x2 – 3x = 2x – 3
⇒ x2 – 5x + 3 = 0

⇒ The roots are irrational

Question 5.

(a) (a – z)2
(b) -(z – a)2
(c) (z + a)2
(d) -(z + a)2

Solution:
(a) (a – z)2

Question 6.
Solution:
(d) 0
y = cos (sin x2)

Question 7.
If y = mx + c and f(0) = f'(0) = 1, then f(2) is ………………
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) -3

Solution: (c) 3
y = mx + c
Given f(0) = f’ (0) = 1
Let f(x) = mx + c
f'(x) = m
f'(o) = m ⇒ m = 1
f(o) = m × 0 + c
f(o) = c
f(2) = c
f(2) = m × 2 + c
f(2) = 1 × 2 + 1 = 3

Question 8.
If f(x) = x tan-1x, then f'(1) is ……………
Solution: (b)

f(x) = x tan-1 x

Question 9.

Solution:
(a)
y = ex+5logx = ex.e5logx = ex.elogx5
= x5 ex

Question 10.
If the derivative of (ax – 5) e3x at x = 0 is -13, then the value of a is …………….
(a) 8
(b) -2
(c) 5
(d) 2

Solution: (d) 2

Let y = (ax – 5) e3x

Question 11.

Solution: (c)
Question 12.

Solution: (c)

Question 13.
The differential coefficient of log10x with respect to logx 10 is …………….

Solution: (b)
Question 14.
If f(x) = x + 2, then f'(f(x)) at x = 4 is ……………..
(a) 8
(b) 1
(c) 4
(d) 5

Solution:
(b)
f(x) = x + 2
f'(x) = 1
f'(x) (at x = 4) = 1

Question 15.
Solution:
(d)

Question 16.

(a) 1
(b) -1
(c) 2
(d) -2

Solution: (b)
Question 17.

If f(x) = then the right hand derivative of f(x) at x = 2

is ……………….
(a) 0
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

Solution: (c) 3

Question 18.

It is given that f'(a) exists, then is ……………..

(a) f(a) – af'(a)
(b) f ‘(a)
(c) -f ‘(a)
(d) f(a) + af ‘(a)

Solution: (a)

Question 19.

If f(x) = then f ‘(2) is ………………

(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) does not exist

Solution: (d) does not exist

∴ f ‘(2) does not exist

Question 20.

If g(x) = (x2 + 2x + 3) f(x) and f(0) = 5 and then g ‘(θ) is

……………
(a) 20
(b) 22
(c) 18
(d) 12

Solution:
(b) 22
Question 21.

If f(x) = , then at x = 3, f ‘(x) is ………………

(a) 1
(b) -1
(c) 0
(d) does not exist

Solution: (d) does not exist

as LHS ≠ RHS limit does not exist

Question 22.
The derivative of f(x) = x|x| at x = -3 is …………..
(a) 6
(b) -6
(c) does not exist
(d) 0

Solution: (a) 6
f(x) = x |x|
when x < 0 we have |x| = – x
∴ At x = – 3, f(x) = x (- x) = – x2
f'(x) = – 2x
f’ (- 3) = – 2 × – 3 = 6

Question 23.

If f(x) = , then which one of the following is true?

(a) f(x) is not differentiable at x = a
(b) f(x) is discontinuous at x = a
(c) f(x) is continuous for all x in R
(d) f(x) is differentiable for all x ≥ a

Solution: (a) f(x) is not differentiable at x = a

f(x) is not differentiable at x = a

Question 24.

If f(x) = is differentiable at x = 1, then ………………

Solution: (c)
Question 25.
Then number of points in R in which the function f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 3| + sin
x is not differentiable, is ……………..
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 4

Solution: (b) 2
f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 3| + sin x
f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1 and x = 3
Since at x = 1 and x = 3,
f(x) will have vertical tangent
∴ Number of points = 2