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Topic 2: The Water Cycle

Introduction

The water cycle, or hydrological cycle, describes the continuous movement of water
on, above, and below the Earth's surface. It is powered by solar energy and
involves processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

Stages

1. Evaporation and Transpiration

Water from oceans, lakes, and rivers is heated by the sun and converted into vapor.

Plants release water vapor through transpiration.

2. Condensation

Water vapor rises, cools, and condenses into tiny droplets to form clouds.

3. Precipitation

When water droplets in clouds combine and grow large enough, they fall as rain,
snow, sleet, or hail.

4. Collection

Water gathers in bodies such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. Some infiltrates the
soil, replenishing groundwater.

Importance

Regulating Climate: Distributes heat across the planet.

Supporting Life: Provides fresh water essential for drinking, agriculture, and
industry.

Ecosystem Health: Maintains habitats and supports biodiversity.

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