WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-PHILIPPINES

Cushman Campus
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City
Philippines, 3100

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Master of Education major in Social Studies

Module 1
Understanding the Significance of Teaching Philippine Culture and Society

Introduction:
This module aims to provide educators in the field of Social Studies with a foundational
understanding of the importance of teaching Philippine culture and society. It will explore the
historical and geographical context of the Philippines and introduce the concept of cultural
diversity and regional differences within the country. By the end of this module, you should be
equipped with the knowledge and insights necessary to effectively teach Philippine culture and
society.

Learning Objectives:
By the end of this module, students will be able to:
1. Explain the historical and geographical context of the Philippines.
2. Recognize the importance of teaching Philippine culture and society.
3. Identify and appreciate the cultural diversity and regional differences in the Philippines.

1. Introduction to the Course and its Objectives

The first topic is designed to create a welcoming and engaging atmosphere for students. It
serves as an orientation to the entire course and helps learners understand what to expect. During
this session, the course structure, learning objectives, and expectations are outlined. This is
essential to provide clarity and set the tone for the course.

Understanding the Role of Social Studies in Education:

The discussion about the role of Social Studies in education is vital. It's important to
emphasize that Social Studies is not just a subject but a means to prepare students for active and
informed citizenship. Students should discuss how Social Studies can foster critical thinking,
empathy, and a deeper understanding of the world around us.

Social Studies plays a crucial role in fostering critical thinking, empathy, and a deeper
understanding of the world around us. The following will help us how Social Studies can foster
critical thinking, empathy, and a deeper understanding of the world around us.

Critical Thinking:

1. Analytical Skills: Social Studies encourages students to analyze information critically.

They learn to assess the reliability of sources, evaluate evidence, and draw logical
conclusions. This skill is transferable to many aspects of life.
 WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-PHILIPPINES
Cushman Campus
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City
Philippines, 3100

2. Problem-Solving: Social Studies often presents complex, real-world problems that

require students to develop and apply problem-solving skills. Whether it's a historical
issue, a current event, or a societal challenge, students learn to identify problems and
think of solutions.

3. Comparative Analysis: Social Studies involves the study of different societies, cultures,
and historical periods. Comparing and contrasting these elements helps students develop
a deeper understanding of the world's diversity and similarities.

4. Civic Engagement: Through the study of civics and government, students can critically
evaluate the functioning of their own government and become informed, active citizens.
This involves understanding the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

Empathy:

1. Understanding Diverse Perspectives: Social Studies exposes students to a variety of

perspectives, including those of people from different cultures, historical backgrounds,
and socioeconomic statuses. This exposure fosters empathy by helping students
understand the experiences and viewpoints of others.

2. Studying History: History, in particular, allows students to learn about the struggles,
achievements, and challenges of people throughout time. By studying historical events,
students can empathize with those who lived in different eras and faced unique
circumstances.

3. Contemporary Issues: Social Studies also addresses current social issues, such as poverty,
discrimination, and environmental problems. Discussing these issues in the classroom
encourages empathy and motivates students to become agents of positive change.

Deeper Understanding:

1. Contextual Knowledge: Social Studies provides the context for understanding the world.
It explains the historical, cultural, geographical, and political factors that shape societies.
This contextual knowledge is fundamental for a deeper understanding of global affairs.

2. Interdisciplinary Learning: Social Studies often integrates knowledge from various

disciplines, including history, geography, economics, anthropology, and sociology. This
interdisciplinary approach allows students to make connections between different aspects
of the world.

3. Cultural Appreciation: By studying different cultures and societies, students gain a

greater appreciation for cultural diversity. They learn about traditions, languages,
customs, and art forms that enrich the human experience.
 WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-PHILIPPINES
Cushman Campus
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City
Philippines, 3100

4. Global Awareness: Social Studies promotes global awareness by emphasizing the

interconnectedness of the world. It encourages students to explore international relations,
global challenges, and the impact of globalization.

In summary, Social Studies is not merely the study of historical events and facts; it is a
subject that equips students with critical thinking skills, nurtures empathy, and helps them
develop a deeper understanding of the complex and diverse world they live in. These skills and
perspectives are not only essential for academic success but also for responsible and informed
citizenship.

Activity 1.Setting Personal Learning Goals:

This activity encourage you to reflect on your own motivations and objectives for taking
the course. By setting personal learning goals, individuals can better align their expectations with
the course content and gain a sense of ownership over their learning journey.
Write your personal learning goal in taking the course, with the following format:
1. Margin: Top Side 1 inch
Bottom Side 1 inch
Right Side 1 inch
Left Side 1.5 inches
2. Page Justification
3. Font Times New Roman
4. Font Size 12
5. Full justification
6. Line Spacing Double spacing
7. Not limit of number of words
 Submission will on or before October 21, 2023

2. The Significance of Teaching Philippine Culture and Society

The significance of teaching Philippine culture and society highlight the understanding
one's own culture and society is significant for identity formation and a sense of belonging.
Additionally, the role of culture in shaping values, beliefs, and behavior. Teaching Philippine
culture helps us connect with our roots, appreciate diversity, and build a sense of national pride.
Teaching Philippine culture and society is of significant importance for several reasons,
both within the context of the Philippines and in a broader global context.

The Significance and Benefits of Teaching Philippine Culture and Society:

1. Cultural Identity and Heritage Preservation:
Teaching Philippine culture helps individuals, especially Filipinos, connect with their
cultural roots, heritage, and identity. It fosters a sense of pride in one's cultural background.
2. Promoting Cultural Diversity:
 WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-PHILIPPINES
Cushman Campus
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City
Philippines, 3100

The Philippines is a highly diverse country with various ethnic groups, languages, and
traditions. Teaching this diversity promotes a greater understanding of different cultures and
contributes to a more inclusive and tolerant society.
3. National Unity and Pride:
A shared understanding of Filipino culture and history can foster national unity and pride.
It helps in building a sense of belonging among citizens, irrespective of their regional or ethnic
backgrounds.
4. Preservation of Traditional Knowledge:
Many traditional practices, beliefs, and customs are passed down through generations.
Teaching Philippine culture helps preserve this traditional knowledge, ensuring it is not lost over
time.
5. Historical Context:
Understanding Philippine culture requires knowledge of the historical context, including
colonization, the struggle for independence, and other key events. This historical understanding
is essential for appreciating contemporary Filipino culture and society.
6. Cultural Sensitivity:
In a globalized world, it's important for Filipinos and non-Filipinos alike to be culturally
sensitive. Teaching Philippine culture can help individuals navigate cultural differences, interact
respectfully with people from the Philippines, and engage in international contexts more
effectively.
7. Global Perspective:
Learning about the Philippines provides students with a global perspective. It helps them
recognize that the world is interconnected, and events in one part of the world can have far-
reaching effects.
8. Promotion of Tourism and Cultural Exports:
Understanding and appreciating Philippine culture can boost tourism by making the
country a more attractive destination. It can also lead to a greater appreciation of Philippine
cultural exports, such as music, art, and cuisine.
9. Respect for Indigenous Peoples:
The Philippines is home to numerous indigenous communities with unique cultures and
traditions. Teaching their cultures and history promotes respect for these groups and their rights.
10. Interdisciplinary Learning:
Studying Philippine culture and society often involves elements of history, geography,
art, literature, sociology, and anthropology. It provides students with a well-rounded and
interdisciplinary education.
11. Civic Engagement and Social Responsibility:
Learning about social issues and challenges in the Philippines can motivate individuals to
get involved in social and political causes, both within the country and globally.
12. Empathy and Solidarity:
Understanding the struggles and challenges faced by the Filipino people throughout
history and in contemporary society fosters empathy and a sense of solidarity with those facing
similar challenges worldwide.
 WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-PHILIPPINES
Cushman Campus
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City
Philippines, 3100

Teaching Philippine culture and society is not only about preserving and celebrating a
nation's heritage but also about fostering understanding, respect, and a broader perspective on the
interconnectedness of the world. It plays a crucial role in creating culturally aware and
responsible global citizens.

Exploring the Richness of Philippine Culture:

This part can include video documentaries, interviews, or visual presentations that
showcase the diverse aspects of Philippine culture. It's an opportunity for students to see the
richness of the culture, from traditions and customs to art, music, and cuisine. Students should be
encouraged to share their personal insights and experiences related to Philippine culture.

Activity 2: Exploring and Sharing Local Culture

This activity is to explore and share the richness of Philippine culture by encouraging
students to document and present aspects of their local culture and reflect on their motivation for
teaching Philippine culture and society.

Please be guided by the following instructions:

1. Explore and document aspects of your local culture. This can include traditions, customs,
art, music, cuisine, festivals, or any elements that represent their local heritage.
2. Use various media such as photos, videos, audio recordings, or written descriptions to
document your local culture. You should aim to showcase the diversity and uniqueness of
your local/municipality.
3. Submission will be on or before October 21, 2023.

3. Historical Overview of the Philippines

This topic focuses on providing a historical context for the Philippines.

Tracing the History of the Philippines:

The lecture on Philippine history should cover key historical events, including the pre-
colonial era, Spanish colonization, American influence, and contemporary history. It's essential
to highlight the significant milestones that have shaped the country. This session aims to provide
a solid foundation for understanding the historical roots of the culture.
Brief historical timeline of the Philippines, covering key events from the pre-colonial
period to the contemporary era:

Pre-Colonial Period:
 10th-14th centuries: The Philippines is inhabited by various indigenous peoples,
including the Aeta, Igorot, and Malay-speaking groups.
 Trade and cultural exchanges occur with neighboring regions, including China, India, and
Southeast Asia.

Spanish Colonization:
 WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-PHILIPPINES
Cushman Campus
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City
Philippines, 3100

 1521: Ferdinand Magellan arrives in the Philippines, marking the first recorded European
contact. He is killed in the Battle of Mactan, and the Spanish do not establish a permanent
presence.
 1543: Ruy López de Villalobos: Villalobos arrived in the Philippines in 1543 and named
the archipelago "Las Islas Filipinas" in honor of King Philip II of Spain. While his
expedition did not establish a long-term settlement, it contributed to Spanish knowledge
of the region.
 1565: Miguel López de Legazpi establishes the first Spanish settlement in Cebu, leading
to the Spanish colonization of the archipelago.
 1571: Manila is declared the capital of the Spanish East Indies.
 1896: The Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule begins, led by figures like
José Rizal and Andrés Bonifacio.
 1898: The United States defeats Spain in the Spanish-American War and takes control of
the Philippines as part of the Treaty of Paris.

American Colonization:
 1899-1902: The Philippine-American War erupts as Filipinos resist American rule. The
conflict ends with the capture of Emilio Aguinaldo in 1902.
 1935: The Philippines becomes a Commonwealth of the United States, with a promise of
full independence.
 1941-1945: During World War II, the Philippines is occupied by Japan.
 1946: The United States grants the Philippines independence on July 4, 1946.

Contemporary Period:
 1965: Ferdinand Marcos becomes President and rules as a dictator for two decades.
 1986: The People Power Revolution ousts Marcos from power, and Corazon Aquino
becomes President.
 1991: Mount Pinatubo erupts, causing widespread destruction.
 2001: President Joseph Estrada is ousted in the second People Power Revolution, and
Vice President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo takes office.
 2010: Benigno Aquino III is elected President.
 2013: Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) devastates the Philippines, resulting in significant loss
of life and destruction.
 2016: Rodrigo Duterte is elected President and launches a controversial anti-drug
campaign.

Philippine Presidents:
These leaders played significant roles in shaping the Philippines during their
presidencies, and their terms were marked by various challenges and accomplishments that
contributed to the nation's history.

1. Emilio Aguinaldo (1899-1901):

 WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-PHILIPPINES
Cushman Campus
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City
Philippines, 3100

 Emilio Aguinaldo was the first President of the First Philippine Republic during a
turbulent period in Philippine history.
 His presidency was marked by the Philippine-American War (1899-1902) as the
Filipino forces fought against American colonial rule.
 The short-lived First Philippine Republic declared independence from Spain but faced
military conflict with the United States.
 Aguinaldo was captured by American forces in 1901, effectively ending his
presidency and the First Republic.
2. Manuel L. Quezon (1935-1944):
 Quezon was the first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under U.S.
sovereignty.
 His presidency focused on preparing the country for eventual independence.
 Quezon's leadership saw economic development, infrastructure projects, and
educational reforms.
 World War II disrupted his presidency when the Philippines was occupied by
Japanese forces from 1942 to 1945.
3. Sergio Osmeña (1944-1946):
 Sergio Osmeña succeeded Quezon during World War II.
 He led the government-in-exile during the Japanese occupation and returned to the
Philippines after its liberation.
 His term marked the transition to full independence from the United States.
4. Jose P. Laurel (1943-1945):
 Laurel was installed as the president of the Japanese-occupied Philippines.
 He was appointed by the Japanese authorities during their occupation of the country.
 His presidency was not widely recognized as legitimate, as it occurred under the
duress of the Japanese occupation forces.
 After World War II and the liberation of the Philippines, the country resumed its path
towards full independence, and Manuel Roxas was elected as the first president of the
independent Third Republic of the Philippines.
5. Manuel Roxas (1946-1948):
 First President of the independent Republic of the Philippines.
 Oversaw the post-World War II reconstruction and the establishment of the new
government.
6. Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953):
 Focused on economic recovery and stabilization.
 Controversy surrounding allegations of corruption.
7. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957):
 Known for his anti-corruption and pro-poor initiatives.
 Efforts to fight the Hukbalahap insurgency.
8. Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961):
 Advocated for the "Filipino First Policy" to prioritize Filipino businesses and
products.
 Pushed for a more independent foreign policy.
 WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-PHILIPPINES
Cushman Campus
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City
Philippines, 3100

9. Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965):

 Moved the celebration of Philippine Independence Day to June 12.
 Advocated for a shift to a parliamentary system of government.
10. Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986):
 Initially elected democratically, but later declared martial law in 1972, leading to a
period of authoritarian rule.
 Accused of widespread corruption and human rights abuses.
 Ousted from power in the People Power Revolution in 1986.
11. Corazon Aquino (1986-1992):
 First female President of the Philippines.
 Oversaw the transition to democracy and a new constitution.
 Faced numerous coup attempts during her presidency.
12. Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998):
 Focused on economic reforms and infrastructure development.
 Improved relations with other countries, including the United States.
13. Joseph Estrada (1998-2001):
 Ousted from power in the second People Power Revolution in 2001 due to allegations
of corruption and mismanagement.
14. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010):
 Addressed economic challenges and political instability.
 Controversial presidency with allegations of corruption and electoral fraud.
15. Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016):
 Emphasized good governance, transparency, and anti-corruption efforts.
 Achieved strong economic growth during his term.
16. Rodrigo Duterte (2016-2022):
 Known for a strong anti-drug campaign with controversial human rights concerns.
 Shifting foreign policy towards closer relations with China.
 A focus on infrastructure development and regional autonomy.
17. Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. (2022-present)

History Shapes Culture

The discussion should connect the dots between history and culture. Understanding the
impact of colonization, resistance movements, and the struggle for independence helps educators
appreciate how history has shaped the values, traditions, and perspectives of the Filipino people.

Several ways in which history shapes culture:

1. Traditions and Customs: Historical events and experiences often give rise to traditions
and customs that are passed down through generations. These traditions can encompass
rituals, celebrations, art forms, and social practices. For example, holidays, festivals, and
ceremonies frequently have historical origins that reflect a culture's past.
 WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-PHILIPPINES
Cushman Campus
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City
Philippines, 3100

2. Language and Communication: Historical developments, including colonization,

migration, and cultural exchanges, influence a culture's language and communication.
The words, phrases, and dialects spoken by a culture often carry traces of its history.
Languages can also evolve through contact with other cultures, leading to linguistic
diversity and change.

3. Religion and Belief Systems: The history of a culture often plays a significant role in
shaping its religious beliefs and practices. Historical events and figures can become
central to religious narratives, and religious institutions may have been influenced by
historical forces like colonialism or reform movements.

4. Cuisine and Food: The foods, recipes, and culinary traditions of a culture are deeply
rooted in its history. Historical events, such as trade routes, conquests, and migrations,
have introduced new ingredients and cooking techniques. These elements have shaped
the cuisine of a culture and continue to be part of its identity.

5. Art, Music, and Literature: Historical events, movements, and figures frequently inspire
the creation of art, music, and literature. The stories, themes, and motifs found in cultural
works often reflect the context of the time in which they were produced. They can also be
used to preserve and convey a culture's history to future generations.

6. Social Norms and Values: A culture's values and social norms can be influenced by
historical events and the values of the societies that shaped its history. Concepts like
honor, family, gender roles, and social hierarchies often have historical roots and evolve
over time in response to changing circumstances.

7. Architecture and Urban Planning: Historical periods and architectural styles can leave a
lasting imprint on a culture's built environment. The design of cities, buildings, and
public spaces can reflect the influence of past rulers, architectural trends, and the
evolution of technology and infrastructure.

8. Identity and Collective Memory: Historical events can play a crucial role in shaping a
culture's collective memory and identity. Triumphs, tragedies, and struggles experienced
by a culture can become part of its core identity, impacting how its members perceive
themselves and their place in the world.

9. Conflict and Reconciliation: Historical conflicts and interactions with other cultures can
leave lasting imprints on a culture's identity and perceptions of other groups. Efforts at
reconciliation, understanding, and acknowledging past wrongs can also be influenced by
historical events and legacies.
 WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-PHILIPPINES
Cushman Campus
Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City
Philippines, 3100

History and culture are intertwined, with the past profoundly influencing the values,
beliefs, traditions, and expressions of a culture. Understanding a culture's history is essential for
comprehending its present and predicting its future development.

These first three topics are fundamental in laying the groundwork for the course. They set
the stage for a deeper exploration of Philippine culture and society by helping students
understand why it's significant and providing the historical context that underpins it. This
knowledge will be essential as educators progress through the course and begin to develop
teaching strategies and materials for their students.

References:

Agoncillo, T. A., & Guerrero, M. C. (1990). Philippine History and Culture. Garotech
Publishing.

National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Cultural Heritage of the Philippines.

Doe, J.. "The Role of Social Studies in Fostering Civic Engagement." Journal of Social Studies
Education Research, 10(2).

Smith, J.. "Colonialism and Its Impact on Philippine Culture." In Colonial Legacies: Impact on
Southeast Asian Cultures, Academic Press.

Asia Society.. "A Brief History of the Philippines: People, Culture, and Politics."