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CHAPTER 1

NO SOLUTIONS REQUIRED

CHAPTER 2

WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

2.1 The Internet is an excellent source of information on this topic. The level of integrated
water resources management varies by state.

2.2 Virtually all of the laws listed in Table 2.1 provide some protection for preventing and
controlling water pollution. Information on each law may be found on the Internet. It is
also important to note that the EPA only regulates at the Federal level and much of the
cleanup and protection is now delegated to states and local governments.

2.3 Point source pollution = Pollution that originates at one location with discrete discharge
points. Typical examples include industrial and wastewater treatment facilities.
Nonpoint source pollution = Pollution that is usually input into the environment in a
dispersed manner. Typical examples include stormwater runoff that contains fertilizers,
pesticides, herbicides, oils, grease, bacteria, viruses, and salts.

2.4 Adverse health effects of toxic pollutants are numerous and can include a variety of
conditions. Some pollutant-related conditions include asthma, nausea, and various
cancers—among many others.

2.5 Agencies that are responsible for water quantity and quality significantly vary by state.

2.6 This is a subjective question and one that has been and will continue to be debated in the
water resources community.

2.7 Integrated water resources management is difficult to achieve because it involves both a
financial and resources investment over time. It is also important to obtain concensus on
this approach from all of the involved stakeholders. This difficulty is perhaps why there
are so few examples of true integrated water resources management.

2.8 This question is subjective but the student should research specific examples to support
their argument.
 CHAPTER 3
THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE AND NATURAL WATER SOURCES

3.1 The answer to this question will vary by location.

3.2 reservoir area = 3900/640 = 6.1 sq. mi.

annual runoff = (14/12)(190 – 6.1)(640) = 137,704 ac-ft
annual evaporation = (49/12)(3900) = 15,925 ac-ft
draft = (100 X 365 X 106)/(7.48 X 43,560) = 112,022 ac-ft
precipitation on lake = (40/12)(3900) = 13,000 ac-ft
gain in storage = 137,704 + 13,000 = 150,704
loss in storage = 112,022 + 15,925 = 127,947
net gain in storage = 22,757 ac-ft

3.3 reservoir area = 1700 hec = 17 X 106 sq. meters

annual runoff = 0.3(500 X 106 – 17 X 106) = 144 X 106 sq. meters
annual evaporation = 1.2 X 17 X 106 = 20.4 X 106 sq. meters
draft = 4.8 X 24 X 60 X 60 X 365 = 151.37 X 106 m3
precipitation on lake = 0.97 X 17 X 106 = 16.49 X106 m3
gain in storage = 144 X 106 +16.49 X 106 = 160.49 106
loss in storage = 151.37 X 106 + 20.4 X 106 = 171.77 X 106
net loss in storage = 11.28 X 106 m3

3.4 To complete a water budget, it is first important to understand how the water budget will
be used and what time step will be necessary to successfully model the system. Once the
budget is conceptually designed, a variety of online sources can usually be used to collect
the data. These sources include—but are not limited to:

 state regulatory agencies

 special water districts
 weather agencies,
 local governments
 geological surveys
 agricultural agencies

Historical data and previous reports can also yield important information on the system.
Verification and calibration data should also be considered as part of the data collection
effort.

3.5 The solution for this problem will vary based on location.
3.6
Event (n) Precip (inches) Tr = n/m Freq. (% years)
1 33 10 10
2 29 5 20
3 28 3.33 30
4 28 2.5 40
5 27 2 50
6 26 1.67 60
7 22 1.4 70
8 21 1.25 80
9 19 1.1 90
10 18 1 100

n = 10, m = rank, Tr = n/m, Freq = (1/Tr) X 100 Then plot precipitation versus frequency.

3.7

Event (n) Precip (inches) Tr = n/m Freq. (% years)

1 89 10 10
2 75 5 20
3 72 3.33 30
4 70 2.5 40
5 69 2 50
6 66 1.67 60
7 56 1.4 70
8 54 1.25 80
9 48 1.1 90
10 46 1 100

n = 10, m = rank, Tr = n/m, Freq = (1/Tr) X 100 Then plot precipitation versus frequency.
3.8 Once the data is organized in a table (see below), the solution can be found. Note that the
cumulative max deficiency is 131.5 mg/mi2, which occurs in September. The number of
months of draft is 131.5/(448/12) = 3.53. Therefore, enough storage is needed to supply
the region for about 3.5 months.

Month Inflow I Draft O Cumulative Deficiency Cumulative

Inflow Σ I O-I Deficiency
Σ (O – I)*

Feb 31 37.3 31 6.3 6.3

March 54 37.3 85 -16.7 0
April 90 37.3 175 -52.7 0
May 10 37.3 185 27.3 27.3
June 7 37.3 192 30.3 57.6
July 8 37.3 200 29.3 86.9
Aug 2 37.3 202 35.3 122.2
Sep 28 37.3 230 9.3 131.5
Oct 42 37.3 272 -4.7 126.8
Nov 108 37.3 380 -70.7 56.1
Dec 98 37.3 478 -60.7 0
Jan 22 37.3 500 15.3 15.3
Feb 50 37.3 550 -12.7 2.6

* Only positive values of cumulative deficiency are tabulated.

3.9 S = 128,000/10*100*640 = 0.20

3.10 S = 0.0002 = volume of water pumped divided by the average decline in piezometric
head times surface area

0.0002 = V/(400 X 100)

Noting that there are 640 acres per square mile
V = 0.0002 X 400 X 100 X 640 = 5120 acre-feet
3.11 Draft = (0.726 mgd) X (30 days/mo) = 21.8 mg/month
Month Inflow I Draft O Deficiency Cumulative
O-I Deficiency
Σ (O – I)*
April 97 21.8 -75.2 0
May 136 21.8 -114.2 0
June 59 21.8 37.2 0
July 14 21.8 7.8 7.8
Aug 6 21.8 15.8 23.6
Sep 5 21.8 16.8 40.43
Oct 3 21.8 18.8 59.2
Nov 7 21.8 14.8 74
Dec 19 21.8 2.8 76.8
Jan 13 21.8 8.8 85.6
Feb 74 21.8 -52.2 33.4*
March 96 21.8 -74.2 0
April 37 21.8 -15.2 0
May 63 21.8 -41.2 0
June 49 21.8 -27.2 0
*Maximum storage deficiency is January 85.6 mg/mo/sq. mi.
Storage capacity = 85.6 mg/mo/sq.mi.

3.12 Pn = (1 – 1/Tr)n
log Pn = n Log (1 – 1/Tr)
n = log Pn/log (1 – 1/Tr)
A straight line can be defined by this equation and the following probability curves will
appear.
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
circumstantial, but it was hotly denied by his infuriated parent. He looked,
however, a trifle more honest than his father, and when a younger brother
was brought in as witness, one felt that the guilt of the old man would be the
probable finding. The boy stared steadfastly at the ground for some
moments, however, and then launched out into an elaborate explanation of
the whole affair. He said that he asked his father to lend him four pounds,
but the father had refused. The son insisted that that sum was due to him as
his share in some transaction, and pointed out that though he only asked for
it as a loan, he had in reality a claim to it. The old man refused to hand it
over, and the son therefore, waited his opportunity and stole it from his
house, carrying it off triumphantly to his own establishment. Here he gave it
into the charge of his young wife, and went about his business. The father,
however, guessed where the money had gone; and while his son was out,
invaded his house, beat his daughter-in-law on the soles of her feet until she
confessed where the money was hidden, and then, having obtained it,
returned to his home. When the son came back to his house he learnt what
had happened, and, out of spite, at once prepared the accusation which he
had brought to me. The story appeared to be true in so far as the quarrel over
the money was concerned, but that the accusation was invented proved to be
untrue.
Sometimes the peasants have such honest faces that it is difficult to
believe that they are guilty of deceit. A lady came to the camp of a certain
party of excavators at Thebes, holding in her hand a scarab. “Do tell me,”
she said to one of the archæologists, “whether this scarab is genuine. I am
sure it must be for I bought it from a boy who assured me that he had stolen
it from your excavations, and he looked such an honest little fellow that I am
sure he was speaking the truth.”
In order to check pilfering in a certain excavation in which I was assisting
we made a rule that the selected workmen should not be allowed to put
unselected substitutes in their place. One day I came upon a man whose
appearance did not seem familiar, although his back was turned to me. I
asked him who he was, whereupon he turned upon me a countenance which
might have served for the model of a painting of St. John, and in a low sweet
voice he told me of the illness of the real workman, and of how he had taken
over the work in order to obtain money for the purchase of medicine for him,
they being friends from their youth up. I sent him away and told him to call
for any medicine he might want that evening. I did not see him again until
about a week later, when I happened to meet him in the village with a
policeman on either side of him, from one of whom I learned that he was a
well-known thief. Thus is one deceived even in the case of real criminals:
how then can one expect to get at the truth when the crime committed is so
light an affair as the stealing of an antiquity?
The following is a letter received from one of the greatest thieves in
Thebes, who, when I last heard of him, was serving a term of imprisonment
in the provincial gaol:—
“Sir General Inspector,—I offer this application stating that I am from the
natives of Gurneh, saying the following:—
“On Saturday last I came to your office and have been told that my family
using the sate to strengthen against the Department. The result of this talking
that all these things which somebody pretends are not the fact. In fact I am
taking great care of the antiquities for the purpose of my living matter.
Accordingly, I wish to be appointed in the vacant of watching to the
antiquities in my village and promise myself that if anything happens I do
hold myself responsible.”
I have no idea what “using the sate to strengthen” means.
It is sometimes said that the European excavators are committing an
offence against the sensibilities of the peasants by digging up the bodies of
their ancestors. Nobody will repeat this remark who has walked over a
cemetery plundered by the natives themselves. Here bodies may be seen
lying in all directions, torn limb from limb by the gold-seekers; here
beautiful vases may be smashed to atoms in order to make more rare the
specimens preserved. The peasant has no respect whatsoever for the sanctity
of the ancient dead, nor does any superstition in this regard deter him in his
work of destruction. Fortunately superstition sometimes checks other forms
of robbery. Djins are believed to guard the hoards of ancient wealth which
some of the tombs are thought to contain, as, for example, in the case of the
tomb in which the family was asphyxiated, where a fiend of this kind was
thought to have throttled the unfortunate explorers. Twin brothers are
thought to have the power of changing themselves into cats at will; and a
certain Huseyn Osman, a harmless individual enough, and a most expert
digger, would often turn himself into a cat at night-time, not only for the
purpose of stealing his brother Mohammed Osman’s dinner, but also in order
to protect the tombs which his patron was occupied in excavating. One of the
overseers in some recent excavations was said to have the power of detecting
all robberies on his works. The archæologist, however, is unfortunately
unable to rely upon this form of protection, and many are the schemes for
the prevention of pilfering which are tried.
In some excavations a sum of money is given to the workman for every
antiquity found by him, and these sums are sufficiently high to prevent any
outbidding by the dealers. Work thus becomes very expensive for the
archæologist, who is sometimes called upon to pay £10 or £20 in a day. The
system has also another disadvantage, namely, that the workmen are apt to
bring antiquities from far and near to “discover” in their diggings in order to
obtain a good price for them. Nevertheless, it would appear to be the most
successful of the systems. In the Government excavations it is usual to
employ a number of overseers to watch for the small finds, while for only
the really valuable discoveries is a reward given.
For finding the famous gold hawk’s head at Hieraconpolis a workman
received £14, and with this princely sum in his pocket he went to a certain
Englishman to ask advice as to the spending of it. He was troubled, he said,
to decide whether to buy a wife or a cow. He admitted that he had already
one wife, and that two of them would be sure to introduce some friction into
what was now a peaceful household; and he quite realised that a cow would
be less apt to quarrel with his first wife. The Englishman, very properly,
voted for the cow, and the peasant returned home deep in thought. While
pondering over the matter during the next few weeks, he entertained his
friends with some freedom, and soon he found to his dismay that he had not
enough money left to buy either a wife or a cow. Thereupon he set to with a
will, and soon spent the remaining guineas in riotous living. When he was
next seen by the Englishman he was a beggar, and, what was worse, his taste
for evil living had had several weeks of cultivation.
The case of the fortunate finder of a certain great cache of mummies was
different. He received a reward of £400, and this he buried in a very secret
place. When he died his possessions descended to his sons. After the funeral
they sat round the grave of the old man, and very rightly discussed his
virtues until the sun set. Then they returned to the house and began to dig for
the hidden money. For some days they turned the sand of the floor over; but
failing to find what they sought, they commenced operations on a patch of
desert under the shade of some tamarisks where their father was wont to sit
of an afternoon. It is said that for twelve hours they worked like persons
possessed, the men hacking at the ground, and the boys carrying away the
sand in baskets to a convenient distance. But the money was never found.
It is not often that the finders of antiquities inform the authorities of their
good fortune, but when they do so an attempt is made to give them a good
reward. A letter from the finder of an inscribed statue, who wished to claim
his reward, read as follows: “With all delight I please inform you that on 8th
Jan. was found a headless temple of granite sitting on a chair and printed on
it.”
I will end this chapter as I began it, in the defence of the Theban thieves.
In a place where every yard of ground contains antiquities, and where those
antiquities may be so readily converted into golden guineas, can one wonder
that every man, woman, and child makes use of his opportunities in this
respect to better his fortune? The peasant does not take any interest in the
history of mankind, and he cannot be expected to know that in digging out a
grave and scattering its contents, through the agency of dealers, over the face
of the globe, he loses for ever the facts which the archæologist is striving so
hard to obtain. The scientific excavator does not think the antiquities
themselves so valuable as the record of the exact arrangement in which they
were found. From such data alone can he obtain his knowledge of the
manners and customs of this wonderful people. When two objects are found
together, the date of one being known and that of the other unknown, the
archæological value of the find lies in the fact that the former will place the
latter in its correct chronological position. But if these two objects are sold
separately, the find may perhaps lose its entire significance. The trained
archæologist records every atom of information with which he meets; the
native records nothing. And hence, if there is any value at all in the study of
the history of mankind, illegal excavation must be stopped.
 CHAPTER XVIII

THE ERROR OF POMPOUS HISTORY

“Reason will tell you,” wrote George Hakewill in 1627, “that old age or
antiquity is to be accounted by the farther distance from the beginning and
the nearer approach to the end, the times wherein we now live being in
propriety of speech the most ancient since the world’s creation.” The same
thought was expressed by Giordano Bruno in 1564, and by Pascal in his
Treatise on Vacuum. “For as old age,” the latter writes, “is that period of life
most remote from infancy, who does not see that old age in this universal
man ought not to be sought in the times nearest his birth, but in those most
remote from it?” “These present times,” says Bacon, “are the ancient times,
when the world is ancient, and not those which we account ancient, ordine
retrogrado by a computation backward from ourselves.”
It is curious to notice how completely we have all fallen into the error
which these writers expose. We speak naturally of “the elder days,” and we
attribute to any period of the “olden times” an age which is in reality the sum
of all the ages since. We seem to forget that antiquity, viewed as a period, is
only old when we falsely add to it our own weight of years; and that
antiquities, as objects, are only hoary when they have taken upon them the
marks of their slow attainment, century by century, to the venerable age in
which we now live. It is the Present that is old and hoary, not the Past. It is
To-day that is burdened with the cares of advanced life; and, as compared
with its heavy accountability, the bygone ages are light-hearted,
irresponsible and unsubdued: for it is our own epoch, not theirs, that is
encrusted with the corrosion of time.
When we essay to study history we are accustomed to take the Present as
our standpoint, and, looking back to some remote period, we find it old with
the years we have crossed to reach it. But the historian should rather take the
Past as his natural standpoint, and should forget To-day; for in dealing with
bygone events it is surely obvious that we have no right to make the
circumstances of our present existence our criterion. We must project
ourselves into the youthful ages which we are studying, and must cast aside
the cumbrous habits of thought which have been built up within us by the
experiences of our ripe maturity. There is only one right way to examine the
past years of mankind: we must look at them as, individually, we look at our
own childhood, remembering the sensations and emotions of those times and
contemplating life with those eyes. We cannot hope to comprehend the
outlook of the Past unless we divest our minds of a large part of the world’s
subsequent experience; for the Past is simply the nursery of the Present, and
differs from it in just that degree in which a boy differs from a man.
The regarding of former ages as being ancient and hoary has led the
historian to introduce them to the reader in an unnecessarily sober and heavy
manner. It has long been the habit to write history as though the story of the
Past were a solemn subject calling for a grave and even melancholy
treatment. The writing of an historical treatise is usually regarded as a
legitimate opportunity for the display of the author’s turn for rhythmic prose
or knowledge of punctuation and grammar. Rolling, dignified words,
sentences which frown in their tremendousness, periods staid and smooth,
are employed as the means whereby the picture of the Past, as he sees it,
may be conveyed to the imagination of his readers. Macaulay even speaks of
a certain subject as being “beneath the dignity of history.” The historian fails
to see that it is not the giving out of the facts, but only their discovery, which
requires ponderous study.
The men and women who walked the earth in the days of its youth are not
antiquated: the up-to-date young men and the modern young women are the
real old fogies, for they are the tenants of the world’s old age, the products of
the most ancient phase of the human story. To the Past we must go as a relief
from To-day’s harshness; for the Past is spread out before us as a children’s
garden, where jolly laughter and sudden, quick-ended tears are to be
experienced; where the waters are alive with mermen and the woods are
filled with brownies; where nymphs and fairies dwell among the flowers,
and enchanted castles crown the hilltops; where heroes die for fame, and the
victors marry kings’ daughters. There in that garden we may forget the
mature cruelty and the sins of the present time; for if there be wickedness in
the Past, we may usually name it the thoughtless mischief of childhood.
One contemplates with positive relief the tortures and massacres of the
distant ages, for they are child’s play as compared with the reasoned
brutality of these wicked olden days in which we now live. How pleasant it
is to turn from the organised beastliness of our own times to the
irresponsible slaughter of the early Christians in Rome or to the wholesale
impalings and flayings which followed an Assyrian battle! In the last-named
cases we are but shocked at the suffering inflicted by the inhabitants of the
world’s nursery upon one another; but in the other we are appalled by the
spectacle of humanity’s old men gleefully slaughtering one another.
The historian should always remember that by rights it is to the days of
long ago that he and his readers ought to turn for those scenes which make
their special appeal to the ardent eyes of youth. It is into the early times that
we must all wander when, sick of life’s conformity and weary of the
cramped stiffness of the conventions amongst which we move, we would
breathe the unenclosed air of a freer order of things. He must not, therefore,
amidst the stately forest of his phrases hide the gateway of this joyous
domain both from himself and his followers. It should stand open and
unconcealed at the end of the highroad which leads from the Present to the
Past; so that all those who make the great adventure and set out in search of
the forgotten years shall, by his direction, find that gateway and pass through
it into the land where the burden of To-day’s old age drops from the
shoulders and the buoyancy of the early times stimulates and enlivens.
There, in those enchanted regions, men are heroes and women are
beautiful, and all that the heart desires is to be found. There, and perhaps
only there, grow “the flower of peace, and the rose that cannot wither.”
Beyond that gateway stand the gorgeous palaces wherein sit the queens of
the young world, of whose beauty the fairest women of our own age have
but a semblance. There they rest upon their marble thrones, their loveliness
causing the brain to reel and the heart to faint; and into their presence the
initiate may penetrate, unchecked and unannounced. Here in this garden a
man may at will become one with burly Antony; and with pleasant arrogance
may mount the dais’ steps to Cleopatra’s side, and put his arm about her
bewildering shoulders. He may merge himself into splendid Lucullus, and
watch with mild amusement the amazement of his self-invited guests, Cicero
and Pompey, served at a moment’s notice with a fifty-thousand drachmæ
dinner in the sumptuous apartment called “Apollo.”
In the twinkling of an eye, for so mighty is the magic of the garden, he
may turn from Lucullus to become that Roman’s enemy, the swift-footed
royal athlete Mithradates, wooing the reluctant Monime in the palace of
Miletus on the banks of Meander. Now he is young Cimon, intoxicated by
the beauty of Asteria of Salamis; and now he is Demetrius in the happy toils
of the fair Lamia. Mounting the magic carpet he may leap over the seas and
deserts to Babylon, where, with a gesture, he may become one with Sargon,
and may parade the hanging gardens in the light of the tremendous moon.
Away he may fly once more to the valley of the Nile, whence, in the guise of
King Unis, he may ascend the “ladder of the sun,” burst open the “double
gates of the sky,” and play with “the imperishable stars.”
There is no end to the entertainment which he may enjoy in the Garden of
the Past; and, coming back, happy and breathless, to his home in the Present,
is it to be supposed that he, who is bursting with what he has seen and done,
will desire to record in heavy and stately language the adventures he has
experienced in that irresponsible playground? He who writes the history of
the Past in pompous phrases has never left the Present.
If, in revolt against his urban inaction, a man desires to kick his heels in
the freedom of other lands, he need not travel to Monte Carlo or to Paris,
there to shock the astonished natives by behaving himself in a manner not
permitted in the city of his birth: he may, instead, seat himself by his fireside
and, book in hand, may transport his cumbrous form to countries and periods
which will view his eccentricities without amazement. Who will there
question his sanity if he dress himself in seaweed and flounder about the
floor, pretending to be a fish? Did not the Society of Inimitable Livers thus
amuse themselves in the royal palace of Alexandria? Or who will accuse him
of intemperance if he take his place amongst the guests at a feast in
Memphis, and dance a jig for the applause of Pharaoh? Has not Pharaoh
himself said, as Harkhuf tells us, “My Majesty desires to see this man dance
more than the treasure of Sinai, more than the gifts of Pount”?
If he be in search of joke and jest, can he do better than read the tales of
mankind’s youth? By his fireside, and exerting no muscle in the search for a
merry atmosphere, he may see the worthy Antigonus, now grown old,
walking the paved street of his city to pay a visit to his son Demetrius who
lies ill in yonder house. He may watch the stern old man, as he is about to
enter the door, met by a beautiful damsel who is coming out through it.
Antigonus passes her without a sign, and entering the sickroom sits himself
down by his son’s bed and feels his pulse. “The fever has just left me,” he
may hear the young man say. “Yes,” replies his father, looking straight
before him, “I met it going out at the door.” Or again, with no effort of the
ears or eyes, he may see Marcus Appius rise in his place in a court at Rome
and open his final speech for the defence with the words “I have been
desired by my client to employ on his behalf industry, eloquence and fidelity
...”; and he may hear the caustic Cicero respond in an undertone “And how
have you had the heart not to accede to any one of his requests?”
If he be in search of love, there in the Past he will find it; for the bygone
ages contain in themselves all the love of every man and woman who has
ever lived. If he be concerned in the pursuit of beauty, there will he behold
it; for all the loveliness that the sun and moon have looked upon are now
become part of the Past. But, above all, if he be in quest of his childhood, of
the high hopes and the beating pulse of youth, there in the playground of the
Past he will find them.
In recent years there has been a very considerable tendency amongst
jaded people to revive within themselves the pleasures of their childhood by
an ardent, though often somewhat forced, emulation of the habits of infancy.
The charm of the grown man or woman who can play joyously with
children, and can enter enthusiastically into their amusements, has been
perceived, and an attempt has been made to acquire this faculty. To play with
children, however, requires the employment of a rare talent, of a difficult art;
and there are many who, though loving the society of the young, feel aware
after a while of the loss of a real interest in their pretences. It is no longer a
pleasure, nay it is an agony, to fall headlong upon the lawn in the manner of
a slain warrior; it is with a distressing effort of body and mind that we may
now crawl under the bed and believe ourselves thus to have penetrated into
an Oriental castle.
To those who desire to retain their childhood’s atmosphere yet are
conscious of these difficulties, a study of the days when the world was
young comes as the supplying of a long-felt want. We who in our individual
lives realise with sorrow how very far we have travelled from the
schoolroom and the nursery, need not struggle vainly to revive interest in our
own forgotten games; we may hasten instead to the world’s childhood, there
whole-heartedly to romp and wrestle, laugh and cry, make-believe and frolic,
with the men and women of the Past. We shall not find ourselves too clumsy
to play with their toys, nor too big to crawl into their houses, for their toys
are real armies and kingdoms, and their houses real palaces of marble.
The writing of the history of the Past—I do not mean the collection of the
data upon which the narrative is based—must no longer be regarded as the
particular field of the very serious: rather let the deeds of To-day claim the
dignified treatment of weighty men; for the Present and not the Past is the
antiquated age, the age hung with cobwebs, the age that is as old as the hills.
The story which the historian has to tell should be made to glow in the
imagination, to be young and virile and full of the element of life; for of all
men the student of the Past is the most closely in touch with Youth.
 INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, M, N, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y, Z
Akhmim, 246-8
Akhnaton, 20, 86, 153-173, 184-9, 239
Alabaster, quarries, 235-44
Amenhotepsase, 118
Amenophis II., 157
Amenophis III., 155-60, 168, 175-6
Amon-Ra, 47-68, 159-72, 178
Amorites, 169
Anena, 13
Ani, 130
Archæology, study of, 3-45, 84-108
Asceticism, 117-8
Ashmolean Museum, 35
Athenæus, 130
Aton, 159-78, 183, 196
Atum of Heliopolis, 159
Ay, 181, 189
Ayrton, Mr., 191

Bacon, 328
Bast, 129
Bedel, 51, 55
Breasted, Prof., 52, 166, 278
Browne, Sir Thomas, 92
Brugsch, Emil, 137
Bubastis, 129-30
Burke, Edmund, 89

Cambyses, 92
Carnarvon, Lord, 101, 137, 142
Carnarvon Tablet, 87
Carter, Howard, 14, 101, 137, 185
Charlemagne, 138
Charles II., 44
Coleridge, 32, 45
Cromer, Lord, 87

Dalison, Max, 191

Dancing, 126-9
Davis, Theodore M., 142-3, 153, 190-1
Dead, excavation of, 84-108
Death, 43-5, 278-80
Dion, 130
Drinking, 129-32
Dryden, John, 19
Dwarfs, 222

Earle, Thomas, 35
Egyptian Government grants for archæological work, 102
Egyptians, ancient, temperament of, 109-35
Egyptology, study of, 3-45, 84-108
Elephantine, 216-31
Erman, Prof., 278
Excavation, 84-108, 136-52

Fairyland, 283-303
Feast of lamps, 119
Folk-tales, 123-4
Futurism, 70-6

Gardiner, Alan, 288

German treatment of French and Belgian antiquities, 69-83
Golenischeff, M., 46
Gordon, General, 207
Grenfell, Lord, 205

Hakewill, George, 328

Hathor, 129
Herhor, 47, 52, 60, 119
Herkhuf, 221-8, 333
Hetebe, 66-7
Hicks Pasha, 207
History, teachings of, 75-9, 328-36
Horemheb, 13, 174-97
Hunting, 132
Hyksos Wars, 87

Imhotep, 113

Jesus Christ, 91
Jones, Harold, 191
Josephus, 133
Juvenal, 208

Kandake, Queen, 201, 232

Khaemhet, 13
Korôsko, 207

Macaulay, 330
Mariette, 99
Marinetti, 70
Maspero, Sir Gaston, 306, 318, 320
Mengebet, 49, 53, 56
Merira, 168
Montalembert, 73
Morgan, M. de, 137
Mummies, excavation of, 84-108, 116
Museums, 10-16
Music, 125-6
Mutnezem, 182-3

Names, 123
Neferhotep, 113, 196
Nefertiti, 161
Nesubanebded, 47, 49, 52, 58, 60
Nubia, Lower, 198-234
Paheri, 131
Pascal, 328
Patonemheb, 184
Pepy II., 222-3
Petrie, Prof. Flinders, 138, 141, 312
Petronius, 201, 232
Philodemus, 39
Pigmies, 222

Roosevelt, Theodore, 18

Sabna, 223-8
Schiaparelli, Prof., 146
Second Advent, 91
Seeley, 88
Senusert III., 140
Sethe, Prof., 258
Setna, Prince, 124
Shêkh-el-beled, 99
Shelley, 214
Smenkhkara, 189
Smith, Prof. G. Elliot, 89, 156-7
Smith, Joseph Lindon, 143
Snefferu, 119
“Song of the Harper,” 87
Songs, 114-6
Stanley, Dean, 19
Strabo, 130

Tabubna, 124
Taine, 88
Theban thieves, 304-27
Thieves, 304-27
Thucydides, 88
Thutmosis III., 120, 142, 157, 175
Thutmosis IV., 157
Tiy, Queen, 12, 143, 155-172, 175
Tombs, excavation of, 84-108, 111
Toshkeh, 205
Tuau, 142
Tutankhamon, 101, 137, 171-2, 180, 189-90

Uba-ana, 118

Wady Sabu’a, Temple of, 200

Wady Salamûni, 245-61
Wenamon, 47-68, 119
Wine-drinking, 130-2
Worcester, Earl of, 44

Yamani, Nikola, 317-20

Yuaa, 142, 145, 157

Zakar-Baal, 52, 54, 57-65

Zazamankh, 119
 A Selection from the Catalogue of

G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS

Complete Catalogues sent on application

 Osiris And The Egyptian Resurrection
By E. A. Wallis Budge,
M.A., Litt.D., F.S.A.
Keeper of the Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities in the
British Museum
2 vols. Frontispiece in Color. With nearly 200 Illustrations, after Drawings from
Egyptian Papyri and Monuments.

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immeasurably to the value of the work.”—Boston Transcript.
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interest to students of comparative religions. It is the signal merit of
Dr. Budge that he has developed, as no other scholar has done, the
relations between this ancient Egyptian religion and the beliefs of
modern peoples in the heart of the African continent—peoples who
were apparently far remote from ancient Egyptian influence.”—N. Y.
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“The subject is in itself fascinating and Dr. Budge, with his
authoritative scholarship, has done full justice to it. The work is the
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 “The most valuable and authoritative handbook of Egyptian
Archæology extant.”—N. Y. Tribune.

Manual of Egyptian Archæology

By G. Maspero
Revised and Enlarged Edition. With nearly 250 Illustrations.

Among the volumes of service to the reader interested in

Egyptology, this authoritative and pithy volume has for a long series
of years occupied an important place. In compact form, it has
presented an excellent survey—much of it the result of the author’s
own researches and excavations—of just the facts that every well-
informed person desires to know regarding the pyramids, the tombs,
and the great temples, as well as the works of sculpture and the mural
decorations that rendered their interiors striking and interesting. The
whole course of Egyptian Archæology, in the light of the author’s
explanations, becomes vitalized and full of meaning.
The text has been carefully revised and many significant additions
made, based on contributions to the subject of Egyptology since the
original issue of the volume. The making of the textual changes and
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the well-known Egyptologist, Dr. F. S. Griffith of Oxford.

New York G. P. Putnam’s Sons London

FOOTNOTES:
[1] See my Catalogue of Weights and Balances in the Cairo Museum, p. xvi.
 [2] The translation is based on that of Prof. Breasted.
[3] Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Lindon Smith.
[4] A few paragraphs in this chapter also appear in my “Life and Times of
Akhnaton, Pharaoh of Egypt.”
[5] Professor Breasted’s translation.
[6] The various rock-inscriptions of Lower Nubia mentioned in this chapter were
found during a tour which I made in that country in the autumn of 1906, and are
recorded in my “Antiquities of Lower Nubia and their Condition in 1906-7,”
published for the Egyptian Government by the University Press, Oxford. The
evidence for the locating of the various tribes is also given there.
[7] I can hardly suppose that I was the first to observe this road, and yet I can find
no reference to it in any publication.
[8] Sinuhe, 254-256.
[9] Papyrus Koller, 5, 1-4.
[10] Anastasi Papyri, 4, 5, 5ff.
[11] Kubbân stela.
[12] The average cubit was about 20-1/2 inches.

Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:

week-chested youths=> weak-chested youths {pg 8}
That I mght gaze=> That I might gaze {pg 39}
he is conforted=> he is comforted {pg 41}
stocks and stones=> sticks and stones {pg 95}
number or varieties=> number of varieties {pg 130}
astonishd the people=> astonished the people {pg 181}
Nile beween Korôsko=> Nile between Korôsko {pg 200}
to the Egyptolgist=> to the Egyptologist {pg 201}
pride themselves=> pride themeselves {pg 265}
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