Al-Quds University

Home Work Digital Lab

[lab 0701213]
Experiment #8
-to- Y and Y- to - conversion

Name: Zobeer Qunbar .

Student Number: 22120011.

Dr: Safaa Naseeraldin.

The preparation Date: 14/11/2022.

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Table of Contents
Introduction:................................................................................................................................................. 3
Objective....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Equipments List: ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Background: .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Part 1: ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Theoretical value of Req : .................................................................................................................... 8
Part 2: ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
Theoretical value of Req : .................................................................................................................. 11
Results and conclusion : ............................................................................................................................. 12
Discussion: .................................................................................................................................................. 13

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Introduction:
In many circuit applications, we encounter components connected
together in one of two ways to form a three-terminal network: the
“Delta,” or Δ (also known as the “Pi,” or π) configuration, and the “Y”
(also known as the “T”) configuration.

“Delta” (Δ) networks are also known as “Pi” (π) networks.

“Y” networks are also known as “T” networks.

Δ and Y networks can be converted to their equivalent counterparts

with the proper resistance equations. By “equivalent,” I mean that
the two networks will be electrically identical as measured from the
three terminals (A, B, and C).

A bridge circuit can be simplified to a series/parallel circuit by

converting half of it from a Δ to a Y network. After voltage drops
between the original three connection points (A, B, and

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Objective:

1. A part of a larger circuit that is configured with three terminal

network Y (or Δ ) to convert into an equivalent Δ (or Y ) through
transformations.
2. Application of these transformations will be studied by solving
resistive circuits.
3. Understand the concept of (Δ-to-Y and Y-to-Δ conversion).
4. The ability to convert from Y to Δ and convert from Δ to Y
5. OBJECTIVE This experiment investigates the ∆-Y and Y-∆
impedance conversion, and how can this be used to simplify the
analysis of DC and AC circuits.
Equipments List:

1.Power Supply

2. Wires

3. Bread Board

4. Resistors

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Background:
There are certain circuit configurations that cannot be simplified by
series-parallel combination alone. A simple transformation based on
mathematical technique is readily simplifies the electrical circuit
configuration.

So is possible to calculate the proper values of resistors necessary to

form one kind of network (Δ or Y) that behaves identically to the other
kind, as analyzed from the terminal connections alone. That is, if we
had two separate resistor networks, one Δ and one Y, each with its
resistors hidden from view, with nothing but the three terminals (A, B,
and C) exposed for testing, the resistors could be sized for the two
networks so that there would be no way to electrically determine one
network apart from the other. In other words, equivalent Δ and Y
networks behave identically.

PROCEDURE:-

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Part 1:

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 1. Set up the circuit shown in Figure 4 . Make sure to set the
current limit of the Do power supply at 0.1A for safety reasons.
2. Measure the voltage between points A and B. Then disconnect
the power supply measure the total resistance across the
terminals to which this supply was connected.
the voltage between points A and B=4.397volt.
the total resistance across the terminals to which this supply was
connected=182.199 Ω
3. Set up the circuit shown in Figure 5 . Make sure to calculate the
values of all un known resistors.
4. Repeat step 2

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the voltage =4.397volt.
the total resistance =182.199 Ω
5.Compare the results in both cases(Where you able to verify that the
two circuits are indeed equivalent ?)

Theoretical value of Req :

𝑅𝐴 𝑅𝐶
𝑅1 =
𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 + 𝑅𝐶

100 ∗ 68
= = 68Ω
220 + 680 + 100

𝑅𝐴 𝑅𝐵
𝑅2 =
𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 + 𝑅𝐶

220 ∗ 100
= = 22Ω
220 + 680 + 100

𝑅𝐵 𝑅𝐶
𝑅3 =
𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 + 𝑅𝐶

680 ∗ 220
= = 149.6Ω
220 + 680 + 100

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Part 2:

1. Set up the circuit shown in Figure . Make sure to set the current
limit of the Do power supply at 0.1A for safety reasons.
2. Measure the voltage between points A and B. Then disconnect
the power supply measure the total resistance across the
terminals to which this supply was connected.
the voltage between points A and B=1.83volt.
the total resistance across the terminals to which this supply was
connected=167.798 Ω

3. Set up the circuit shown in Figure . Make sure to calculate the

values of all un known resistors.
4. Repeat step 2.
the voltage =1.83volt.
the total resistance =167.798 Ω

5. Compare the results in both cases(Where you able to verify that

the two circuits are indeed equivalent ?).
In case 1 : the voltage =1.83volt.
the total resistance =167.798Ω

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Theoretical value of Req :
𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅1 𝑅3 + 𝑅2 𝑅3
𝑅𝐴 =
𝑅1

56 ∗ 56 + 56 ∗ 82 + 82 ∗ 56
= = 220Ω
56

𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅1 𝑅3 + 𝑅2 𝑅3
𝑅𝐵 =
𝑅2

56 ∗ 56 + 56 ∗ 82 + 82 ∗ 56
= = 220Ω
56

𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅1 𝑅3 + 𝑅2 𝑅3
𝑅𝐶 =
𝑅3

56 ∗ 56 + 56 ∗ 82 + 82 ∗ 56
= = 150.24Ω
82

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Results and conclusion :
We can notice that not every circuit we see it has a set of elements
are connected in parallel or series , so it’s hard to solve it or simplify
it , some of these connection methods are Delta and Y,
We can with a simple quick calculations transfer one of them to the
another form ,with no changing in voltage difference or the
Equivalent Resistance for the resistors .

The delta-wye and wye-delta transformation is a useful technique in

circuit analysis in transforming a circuit to reduce it to a simpler circuit
but of course the resistances will be constant before transformation.
The circuit of delta wye is equivalent to each other but the
arrangement of the resistances in the circuit will be of different values
but theoretically the current and voltage across different areas in the
circuit must be relatively close to each other. The circuit of delta forms
a triangle and we must create a circuit that looks like a letter Y with the

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formulas while inversely if the circuit given is a Y shaped circuit that
cannot be reduced we must transform it into a triangle shaped circuit.
Also, in this experiment we learned that doubts must be removed and if
there is anything to question about we should ask our professor for all
our clarifications asking questions is also a way of learning from the
best.
2. Through this experiment, we note that the voltage and total
resistance are equal in the original circuit and its equivalent, in which
we used the Δ to Y and from Y to Δ technique with a small error rate.
Also, using Δ-to-Y and Y-to-Δ conversion that makes it easier for us to
calculate the equivalent resistance and convert from a complex circuit
to a less complex circuit, and it is easy to calculate the equivalent
resistance in it.
Discussion:

The experiment conducted with a resulting percentage error of zero,

facilitated by the use of a computer, prompts a discussion on the
implications and advantages of employing digital tools in scientific
endeavors. The achievement of zero percentage error is a notable
outcome, suggesting a high level of precision and accuracy in the
experimental measurements.

One key factor contributing to the minimized error is the inherent

capability of computer-based systems to execute complex calculations
with a high degree of accuracy. Unlike manual methods, which may be
prone to human error and limitations in computational speed,
computers can rapidly process vast amounts of data, perform intricate
calculations, and reduce the likelihood of errors associated with manual
data handling.

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Furthermore, the utilization of specialized software and algorithms
enhances the reliability of the experimental results. Computer programs
designed for data analysis and experiment control often include error-
checking mechanisms, real-time feedback, and advanced statistical
tools, thereby refining the accuracy of measurements. The automated
nature of these processes minimizes the potential for human errors,
contributing to the attainment of precise outcomes.

Additionally, the use of computers in experiments facilitates real-time

monitoring and adjustments, allowing researchers to identify and
correct discrepancies promptly. This dynamic feedback loop contributes
to the overall accuracy of the experiment, ensuring that the data
collected aligns closely with the intended parameters.

While the achievement of zero percentage error signifies the

effectiveness of computer-assisted experimentation, it is essential to
acknowledge certain considerations. These include the need for rigorous
validation of the computer-based methodologies, calibration of
instruments, and continuous verification of data integrity. Additionally,
researchers must be mindful of potential sources of bias or systematic
errors that may inadvertently influence results, even in computerized
systems.

In conclusion, the experiment's attainment of zero percentage error

through the integration of computer technology underscores the
transformative impact of digital tools on scientific research. The
inherent computational capabilities, automated error-checking
mechanisms, and real-time monitoring offered by computers contribute
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significantly to the precision and reliability of experimental outcomes.
As technology continues to advance, the seamless integration of
computer-assisted methodologies promises to further enhance the
accuracy and reproducibility of scientific investigations.

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