Summer Internship Project

Report

Standard VTOL

Submitted by

Lakshmi A Korti
Bachelors of Technology in Electronics and Communication
K L Univiersity

Under the guidance of

Dr. Amit Shukla

Chairperson of CAIR

Centre of AI and Robotics

Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
Summer Internship 2024
 Centre for AI and Robotics
Indian Institute of Technology Mandi

Certificate

Dr. Amit Shukla

(Project Guide)

Date: 27/06/2024
 Abstract

A standard Fixed Wing VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) aircraft with
a wingspan of one meter will be described in this report. It emphasizes the
design, construction, and assembly of various foam components, as well as
the integration of 3D printing technology. We gained practical experience
using SolidWorks for the design of 3D printed parts through this project. An
overview of the materials used, the design process, construction methods,
and lessons learned is included in this report.
Contents

1 Objective 1

2 Introduction 2
2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3 Work Done 3
3.1 Design Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3 Lessons Learned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4 Conclusion 7

Acknowledgements 8

References 9

i
Chapter 1

Objective

The primary objective of this project is to design, construct, and test a

functional Fixed Wing VTOL aircraft with a 1-meter wingspan, utilizing
foam for the main structure and 3D-printed components for specific parts.
This project aims to:

1. Design and Optimize Aerodynamic Components

2. Construct a Cohesive Aircraft System

3. Install and Configure Electronics

4. Conduct Testing and Calibration

5. Document and Analyze the Process:

1
Chapter 2

Introduction

2.1
The development of Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft has rev-
olutionized modern aviation by combining the vertical lift capabilities of he-
licopters with the horizontal flight efficiency of fixed-wing airplanes. This
project focuses on designing, constructing, and testing a standard fixed-wing
VTOL model with a 1-meter wingspan. The primary structure of the aircraft
is crafted from foam for its lightweight and easy-to-manipulate properties,
while several components were designed using SolidWorks and produced with
a 3D printer using PLA filament. This blend of materials and techniques al-
lows for a robust yet lightweight aircraft capable of efficient flight.
Through this project, we aimed to gain hands-on experience with vari-
ous aspects of engineering, from aerodynamic design and material selection to
the integration of electronic systems. The use of SolidWorks for designing 3D
printed components provided an opportunity to deepen our understanding
of computer-aided design (CAD) software, bridging the gap between digital
models and physical prototypes. By documenting each step meticulously, we
created a comprehensive record that highlights both the successes and the
learning experiences encountered along the way, reflecting real-world engi-
neering challenges. This report provides a detailed account of the materials
and tools used, the design process, construction methods, and the lessons
learned, with photographs of each component and stage of the build process
to enhance understanding.

2
Chapter 3

Work Done

3.1 Design Work

3.1.1
Wing Design
The wing was designed with a 1-meter wingspan using lightweight foam to
ensure both rigidity and minimal weight. The airfoil profile was chosen to
optimize lift and stability. Carbon fiber rods were embedded within the foam
to add structural strength.

Fuselage Design
The fuselage was designed to house the electronic components and ensure
a balanced center of gravity. The layout was carefully planned to accom-
modate the battery, flight controller, and wiring without interfering with
aerodynamic performance using 3d modelling.

3D Printed Components
Several components, including motor mounts, rod mounts, and body, were
designed using SolidWorks and printed using PLA filament. These parts
were critical for integrating the propulsion system and control surfaces with
the foam structure.

3
3.2 Construction
3.2.1
Wing Assembly
1. Cutting and Shaping: The foam was cut to the desired shape using
templates and a hot wire cutter.

2. Reinforcement: Carbon fiber rods were embedded in the foam wings

for added strength.

3. Covering: The wings were covered with a thin layer of tape to protect
the foam and enhance aerodynamic efficiency.

Fuselage Assembly

1. Cutting and Shaping: Foam was shaped into the fuselage form, with
compartments for electronic components.

2. Assembly: The fuselage part was designed using a 3d model and were
glued together, ensuring alignment and balance.

3. Integration: Electronic components were installed, with careful atten-

tion to wiring and component placement.

3D Printed Parts Installation

1. Design and Printing: Parts were designed in SolidWorks and printed

using PLA filament.

2. Mounting: Printed parts were installed on the foam structure, securing

motors, servos, and other components.

4
 Electronics Integration

1. Motor and ESC Installation: Motors were mounted on the wings and
connected to the ESCs.

2. Servo Installation: Servos were installed to control the ailerons, eleva-

tor, and rudder.

3. Flight Controller Setup: The flight controller was configured and in-
stalled, ensuring proper communication with all control surfaces and
propulsion units.

4. Battery and Wiring: The battery was secured within the fuselage, and
wiring was organized to prevent interference with moving parts.

Testing and Calibration

1. Static Tests: Initial tests were conducted to ensure all components

functioned correctly.

2. Flight Tests: The aircraft was tested in a controlled environment to

fine-tune the control surfaces and verify the VTOL capabilities.

5
3.3 Lessons Learned
1. Design Iterations: Importance of iterative design and prototyping, es-
pecially when integrating 3D printed parts with foam structures.

2. Material Selection: Understanding the trade-offs between different ma-

terials in terms of weight, strength, and ease of use.

3. SolidWorks Proficiency: Gained significant experience in using Solid-

Works for designing functional parts.

4. Integration Challenges: Overcame challenges related to integrating var-

ious components into a cohesive system.

6
Chapter 4

Conclusion

The project successfully demonstrated the ability to design, construct, and

test a fixed wing VTOL aircraft using foam and 3D printed components.
The experience provided valuable insights into aerospace design, material
selection, and the practical application of CAD software. The completed
aircraft showcases the potential of combining traditional modeling techniques
with modern 3D printing technology.

7
Acknowledgment

We extend our sincere gratitude to our project supervisor, for their invaluable
guidance and support throughout the course of this project. Their expertise
and encouragement were essential in the successful completion of this work.
We also thank Indian Institte of Technology Mandi for providing the
necessary resources and facilities. The support and material procurement
was greatly appreciated.
Additionally, we acknowledge the constructive feedback and suggestions
from our peers and colleagues, which contributed significantly to the project’s
development.

8
 References

[1] file:///C:/Users/Lakshmi/Downloads/ARFMTSV106N 1P 1361 46.pdf

[2] https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/AD0688921.pdf

[3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tesAARNdsQg

[4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekcyZ rtbL4t = 948s