Module: 4

Lines On the Coordinate Plane

Are You Ready?
Page Number: 104
Slopes of Lines
Find the slope of each line given two points on the line.
1. (2, 3) and (4, 9)
𝑦2 −𝑦1
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Slope (m) =
𝑥2 −𝑥1
9−3
m= ⟹3
4−2
2. (-3, -7) and (-1, -15)
𝑦2 −𝑦1
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Slope (m) =
𝑥2 −𝑥1
(−15) −( −7)
m= ⟹-4
(−1) −( −3)

Point-Slope Form
Write an equation in point slope form for each line given its slope
and a point on the line.
3. -2 and (0, 1)
𝑎𝑛𝑠) y – 𝑦1 = m (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
y –1= -2 (𝑥 − 0)
y -1 = -2x
𝟑
4. − and (-2, -2)
𝟐

𝑎𝑛𝑠) y – 𝑦1 = m (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
3
y – (-2) = − (𝑥 − (−2))
2
3
y +2 = − (𝑥 + 2)
2

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Distance and Midpoint Formulas
Find the length and the midpoint of a segment with the endpoint A and B.
Round to the nearest hundredth.
5. A (0, 0)
B (6, 10)
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Midpoint = { , }
2 2
0+6 0+10
Midpoint = { , }
2 2

Midpoint = (3, 5)
Length of AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(6 − 0)2 + (10 − 0)2

= √136 ≈ 2√34
6. A (-11, -9)
B (-2, -5)
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Midpoint = { , }
2 2
(−11)+(−2) (−9)+(−5)
Midpoint = { , }
2 2

Midpoint = (-6.5, - 7)
Length of AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Length of AB = √((−2) − (−11)2 + ((−5) − (−9))2 = √97 ≈ 9.85

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 WORKSHEET-1
Lesson 4.1
Slope and Equations of Parallel Lines
Page Number: 105-114
Key Concept
1. The slope m of a non - vertical line is the ratio of the vertical change
(the rise) to the horizontal change (the run) between any two points on the line.

rise
2. Slope (m) =
𝑟𝑢𝑛
𝑦2 −𝑦1
3. Slope (m) =
𝑥2 −𝑥1

4. Two non-vertical lines are parallel if and only if they have the same slope.

5. A coordinate proof is a style of proof where generalized coordinates are

used to prove a geometric theorem.

6. The equation for a slope – intercept form (y) = mx +b

7. The equation for a horizontal line that passes through the point (a, b) is y = b

8. The equation for a vertical line that passes through the point (a, b) is x = a

3
1. Can you write an equation for a line parallel to a given line that passes
through exactly one point on the given line? Explain.
𝑎𝑛𝑠) No; Parallel lines must not intersect. This would create the same line twice,
which intersects itself infinitely many times.
2. Which two equation could describe two parallel sides of a quadrilateral?
Explain your reasoning.
A. 3x + y = − 5 from x = 0 to x = 5
𝟏
B. y = (21 – 9x ) from x = -1 to x = 2
𝟑
C. y = 3x + 2.5 from x = -10 to x = -3
𝑎𝑛𝑠) 3x + y = − 5 ⇒ y = -3x -5
1
y = (21 – 9x ) ⇒ y= -3x +7
3
Line A and B are parallel
Because both the lines have a slope of -3
3. Points (𝒙𝟏 ,, 𝒚𝟏 ) and (𝒙𝟐 ,, 𝒚𝟐 ) lie on line u. Points (𝒙𝟏 + 2, 𝒚𝟏 - 1) and(𝒙𝟐 + 2,
𝒚𝟐 - 1) lie on line v. Are lines u and v parallel? Justify your reasoning.
𝑦2 −𝑦1
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Yes. Line u has a slope of . Line v has a slope of
𝑥2 −𝑥1
(𝑦2 − 1)−(𝑦1 − 1) 𝑦2 −𝑦1
= . Since the two lines have the same slope. The lines are
(𝑥2 + 1)−(𝑥1 + 1) 𝑥2 −𝑥1
parallel.
4. Use the graph to find the unknown slope. Line v has a slope of
a. A line is parallel to the line with y-intercept of
-2. What is the slope?
𝑦2 −𝑦1 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
𝒂𝒏𝒔) Slope (m) = (or)
𝑥2 −𝑥1 𝑟𝑢𝑛
6 3
= =
10 5
b. A line is parallel to the line with a y-
intercept of 4. What is the slope?
𝑦2 −𝑦1 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Slope (m) = (or)
𝑥2 −𝑥1 𝑟𝑢𝑛
−6 2
= = -
9 3
c. A line is parallel to the line with a y-
intercept of -1. What is the slope?
𝑎𝑛𝑠)

4
 𝑦2 −𝑦1 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 −8
Slope (m) = (or) = = =-4
𝑥2 −𝑥1 𝑟𝑢𝑛 2

4. Graph the pairs of parallel segments on a coordinate plane. Connect the

endpoints of the segments to create a quadrilateral.
𝟒 𝟒
a. y = x -1.5 from x = 2 to x = 6 y = x + 3 from x = 0 to x = 3
𝟓 𝟓
𝑎𝑛𝑠)

b. y = 3x from x = -1.5 to x = 3 y = 3x – 5 from x = 1 to x = 3

𝑎𝑛𝑠)

5
5. Determine if the two lines are parallel.
a. Line m passes through points (1, 5) and (3.5, 7). Line n passes
through points (4, 7) and (7.5, 10)
𝑦2 −𝑦1 7−5 2 4
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Slope (m) = = = =
𝑥2 −𝑥1 3.5−1 2.5 5
𝑦2 −𝑦1 10−7 3 6
Slope (n) = = = =
𝑥2 −𝑥1 7.5−4 3.5 7
Slope (m) ≠ Slope (n)
So, line m and line n are not parallel.
b. Line p passes through points (4, 1) and (8, 3). Line q passes
through points (-8, 1) and (4, 7)
𝑦2 −𝑦1 3−1 2 1
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Slope (p) = = = =
𝑥2 −𝑥1 8−4 4 2
𝑦2 −𝑦1 7−1 6 1
Slope (q) = = = =
𝑥2 −𝑥1 4−(−8) 12 2
Slope (p) = Slope (q)
So, line p and line q are parallel.
6. Find the equation for the line.
a. Line n passes through (-4, -1.5) and is parallel to a line that passes through
(0, 2) and (5, 4)
𝑦2 −𝑦1 4−2 2
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Slope (m) = = =
𝑥2 −𝑥1 5−0 5
Point slope form = y – y1 = m (x – x1)
2
y – (-1.5) = (x – (-4))
5
2 8
y +1.5 = x +
5 5
2 8
y = x + – 1.5
5 5

6
 2 1
y= x+
5 10

7. Find the equation for the line parallel to the given line and passing through
the given point.
𝟏
a. y = − x +7; (−2, 5.5)
𝟑
𝑎𝑛𝑠)Point slope form = y – y1 = m (x – x1)
1
y – 5.5 = − (x + 2)
3
1 2
y=− x − + 5.5
3 3
1 29
y=− x+
3 6

So, the equation for the line parallel to the given line and passing through the given
1 29
point is (y) = − x +
3 6

b. y = mx + b; (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 )
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Point slope form = y – y1 = m (x – x1)
y = mx –mx1 +y1
y = mx +(y1 – mx1)
8. Identify the slope of the given line. Write an equation for the line parallel
to the given line passing through the given point.
a. x = − 3; (2, 0)
𝑎𝑛𝑠)The equation for a vertical line that passes through the point (a, b) is x = a

Parallel to Passes through Equation

x = -3 (2, 0) x=2
So, undefined.

𝟑
b. y = 8.5; (1, )
𝟓
𝑎𝑛𝑠)The equation for a Horizontal line that passes through the point (a, b) is x = a

7
 Parallel to Passes through Equation
y = 8.5 3 3
(1, ) y=
5 5
3
So, m = 0 and y =
5

WORKSHEET-2
Lesson 4.2
Slope and Equations of Perpendicular Lines
Page No: 115-122
Key Concept
Slope Criteria for Perpendicular Lines; The product of the slopes m of any
two non-vertical perpendicular lines is -1. 𝑚1∗ 𝑚2 = − 1

1. Find the slopes of the line and a line perpendicular to y = -x + 20

𝒂𝒏𝒔) Slope of the given line is -1
Slope of a perpendicular line is 1
2. If k is a constant, is the line y = mx +k perpendicular to y = -mx + k?
Explain your reasoning.
𝒂𝒏𝒔) No: m and –m are opposites, not opposite reciprocals.
𝟏
3. What is the equation of a line perpendicular to y = x – 9 that passes
𝟑
through the point (0, 1)?
𝒂𝒏𝒔) y - 𝒚𝟏 = m (x - 𝒙𝟏 )
y -1 = -3 (x – 0)
y = -3x + 1
4. Write an equation for a line perpendicular to y = 7 that passes through the
point (2, 13)?
𝒂𝒏𝒔) x = 2
5. On a map, Peach Street is modeled by the equation 4x –y = 7. Apple Street
is perpendicular to Peach Street and passes through the point (12, 2). Find the
equation that models Apple Street.
𝒂𝒏𝒔) 4x –y = 7
-y = -4x + 7
y = 4x -7
8
y - 𝑦1 = m (x - 𝑥1 )
1
y -2 = − (x -12)
4
1
y -2 = − x + 3
4
1
y = − x +3 +2
4
1
y=− x+5
4

6. Write the equation of a line perpendicular to the line that passes through
the given point.
a. y = 2
(1, −3)
𝒂𝒏𝒔) x = 1
b. y = − x + 20
(− 4, 2)
𝑎𝑛𝑠)
y - 𝑦1 = m (x - 𝑥1 )
y -2 = 1 (x +4)
y = x +4 +2
y=x+6
So, the equation of a line perpendicular to the line that passes through the given
point is (y ) = x + 6
7. For problems a-g, determine whether each statement is always,
sometimes, or never true.
𝒂 𝒃
a. A line with slope and a line with slope - , where a ≠ 0 and b≠0, are
𝒃 𝒂
perpendicular.
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Always
b. Two perpendicular lines in the same plane intersect just once.
ans) Always
c. The line y = c, where c is a constant, is perpendicular to the line y = x
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Never
d. A line perpendicular to another line has an undefined slope.
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Sometimes
e. The sum of the slopes of perpendicular lines is 0
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Sometimes
f. Two lines are both parallel and perpendicular.

9
𝑎𝑛𝑠)
Never
g. If two lines are perpendicular exactly one of the lines has a negative slope.
𝑎𝑛𝑠) Sometimes

8. The endpoints of one side of

square PQRS are at P(1 , 1) and Q
(3, 4)
A. What is the equation for the
̅̅̅̅?
line that contains 𝑸𝑹
B. What is the equation for the line
that contains ̅̅̅̅
𝑺𝑷?
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑸𝑹
C. Are 𝑷𝑸 ̅̅̅̅ parallel or
perpendicular? Write an equation
using their slopes that proves your
choice.
𝑦2 −𝑦1 4−1 3
a. 𝑎𝑛𝑠)slope of PQ = = =
𝑥2 −𝑥1 3−1 2
2
slope of QR = -
3

y- intercept = y – mx
2
= 4 + (3) = 6
3

̅̅̅̅ is
So, the equation for the line that contains 𝑄𝑅
2
y=- x+6
3
2
b. 𝑎𝑛𝑠) slope of QR = -
3

10
y- intercept = y – mx
2 5
= 1 + (1) =
3 3

̅̅̅̅ is
So, the equation for the line that contains 𝑆𝑃
2 5
y=- x+
3 3

3 2
c. 𝑎𝑛𝑠) ×- = -1
2 3
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑄𝑅
yes, 𝑃𝑄 ̅̅̅̅ are perpendicular

9. Consider the line

segment in the graph
a. Are any of the line
segments perpendicular?
Justify your answer.
𝒂𝒏𝒔) No; (possible answer)
No two line segments have
slopes that have a product of -
1.
b. Write equations for 𝑨𝑩̅̅̅̅
and a line perpendicular to
̅̅̅̅ that passes through
𝑨𝑩
point (8, -27).
𝒂𝒏𝒔) Slope of AB =
𝑦2 −𝑦1 −7−9 −16
= = = -4
𝑥2 −𝑥1 3+1 4
y – intercept = y – mx
= 9 – (-4)(-1) = 5
So, the equation of ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 is (y) = -4x +5
̅̅̅̅ that passes through point (8, -27) is
A line perpendicular to 𝐴𝐵
y - 𝑦1 = m ( x - 𝑥1 )
1
y +27 = (x -8)
4
1
y = x -29
4
c. Write equation for ̅̅̅̅
𝑪𝑫 and a line perpendicular to ̅̅̅̅
𝑪𝑫 that passes through
point (-9, -10)

11
 𝑦2 −𝑦1 4−0 4 1
slope of ̅̅̅̅
𝑪𝑫 = = = =
𝑥2 −𝑥1 6−(−6) 12 3
y- intercept = y – mx
𝟏
= 0 – × (-6) = 2
𝟑
1
So, the equation of ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 is (y) = x +2
3
Slope of perpendicular line is – 3
A line perpendicular to ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 that passes through point (-9, -10) is
y - 𝑦1 = m ( x - 𝑥1 )
y +10 = ─ 3 (x +9)
y = ─3x ─ 27 ─ 10
y = ─ 3x – 37

12