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Physics Vir

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31 views9 pages

Physics Vir

Uploaded by

puranshtiwari087
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VIRTUAL LAB

PHYSICS LAB-1 (15B17PH171)

BATCH F 17
SUBMITTED BY
NISHA SINGH RATHORE
ENROLL NO. 992401040062

In the supervision of, Prof. Anuj Kumar Sir JIIT, Sector-128, Noida
EXPERIMENT 2: MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER-
WAVELENGTH OF LASER BEAM
AIM: To determine the wavelength of a laser using the Michelson interferometer.
APPARATUS: Laser light source, Michelson interferometer kit, optical bench, meter scale.

FORMULA USED: The wavelength (λ) of a laser is given by:


λ = 2(X2-X1)/N
Where, X2 = final position of mirror M 1
X1 = initial position of mirror M 1 of Michaelson interferometer
N=No. of fringes
OBSERVATION:
Least Count =0.01mm
No. of fringes, N = 25

TO FIND THE WAVELENGTH-

s.no PSR(cm) HSR(div) Distance Difference, Mean,


moved, Δd(cm) Δd(mm)
d(mm)
1. 5 25 5.25 0.007
2. 5 25.7 5.257 0.008
3. 5 26.5 5.265 0.005 0.0056
4. 5 27 5.27 0.001
5. 5 28 5.28 0.007

Wavelength,λ=4480Å

SELF EVALUATION:-
EXPERIMENT 1: Determination of Planck’s Constant

AIM: To determine Planck’s Constant

APPARATUS REQUIRED: 0-10 V power supply, a one way key, a rheostat, a digital
milliammeter, a digital voltmeter, a 1 K
resistor and different known wavelength LEDs.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
OBSERVATIONS:

Colour of Wavelength Knee λ*V h=eλV/c


LED λ (nm) Voltage
(V) volt
Red 650 1.908 1240.2 6.566 x 10-
34

Green 510 2.439 1243.89 6.566 x 10-


34

Yellow 570 2.183 1244.31 6.566 x 10-


34

Blue 475 2.637 1252.575 6.566 x 10-


34

RESULTS:
Value of Planck’s Constant=6.566 x 10-34
Wavelength of Infrared Light= 1100 nm
EXPERIMENT 4: Determination of Brewster’s Angle

AIM: To verify the Brewster's law and to find the Brewster's angle.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Polarizer, Detector, Material Holder, Current Output unit, Emitter.

PROCEDURE:
OBSERVATIONS:

S. Angle of Current for Current for


No. Glass Plate Topaz Crown Glass
(µ=1.607) (µ=1.52)
1. 0o 10.9945 10.9920
2. 5o 10.9801 10.9734
3. 10o 10.9416 10.9208
4. 20o 10.6032 10.4953
5. 30o 9.2719 8.9390
6. 40o 6.1714 5.6030
7. 50o 2.3588 1.9385
8. 55o 1.2122 1.0610
9. 56o 1.0982 1.0097
10. 56.6o 1.0503 1.0001

RESULT:
The Brewster’s angle for Topaz is 58.11o.
The Brewster’s angle for Crown Glass is 56.66o.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Ensure that the laser or monochromatic light source is stable and its beam is well-collimated.
2. The polarizer and analyzer should be aligned carefully. The analyzer needs to be rotated
perpendicular to the plane of polarization for proper detection of the angle at which the reflected
light intensity is minimized.
3. Ensure that the surface of the transparent medium (glass or other material) is clean from dust,
fingerprints, or scratches. Even minor impurities on the surface can cause scattered light and affect
the accuracy of the result.
EXPERIMENT 3: DETERMINATION OF STEFAN’S CONSTANT

AIM: Determination of Stefan- Boltzmann constant σ .

APPARATUS:

Heater, temperature-indicators, box containing metallic hemisphere with provision for water-flow
through its annulus, a suitable black body which can be connected at the bottom of this metallic
hemisphere.

OBSERVATION;
Trial Temperature of Average Temp Temperature of Time T Steady state
number hemisphere Th=(T1 +T2+T3)/3 the disc in (s) temperature of
T1 T2 T3 Kelvin(T4) the disc in
kelvin Td
1. 35 35 35 35 30 00 303.15
2. 35 35 35 35 30.12 71 303.27
3. 35 35 35 35 30.30 143 303.45
4. 35 35 35 35 30.46 213 303.61

Calculations, Determination of
Stefan Boltzman Constant:
Mass of the copper disc= 0.006 kg
Specific heat of copper= 390Jkg-1K-1
Radius of the disc= 0.01 m
Area of the Disc =3.14x10-4 m2
Hemisphere temperature, Th =
(35+35+35)/3 =35+ 273.15 = 310.15 K
Temperature of Test Disk, Td =
30.22 + 273.15 = 303.37 K

Plot the variation of temperature of the disk with time. DTd/dt comes to be 0.0025
 = [m Cp ( dTd/dt) ] / A ( Th4 – Td4 ) as  =1 for black body
σ = 6 x 385 x 25x10-10 / 3.14 x 10-4 (310.154- 303.374)
σ= 4.42x10-6 W / (m2 x K4)
Result;
The value of Stefan-boltzman constant coming out is 4.42x10-6 W / (m2 x K4)

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