11/1/2017 Second Hourly Practice 12 Math 21a, Fall 2017

Name:

• Start by printing your name in the above box

MWF 9 Jameel Al-Aidroos and check your section in the box to the
left.
MWF 9 Dennis Tseng
• Do not detach pages from this exam packet
MWF 10 Yu-Wei Fan
or unstaple the packet.
MWF 10 Koji Shimizu
• Please write neatly. Answers which are illeg-
MWF 11 Oliver Knill ible for the grader cannot be given credit.
MWF 11 Chenglong Yu • Show your work. Except for problems 1-
MWF 12 Stepan Paul 3,8, we need to see details of your computa-
tion.
TTH 10 Matt Demers
• All functions can be differentiated arbitrarily
TTH 10 Jun-Hou Fung
often unless otherwise specified.
TTH 10 Peter Smillie
• No notes, books, calculators, computers, or
TTH 11:30 Aukosh Jagannath other electronic aids can be allowed.
TTH 11:30 Sebastian Vasey • You have 90 minutes time to complete your
work.

1 20

2 10

3 10

4 10

5 10

6 10

7 10

8 10

9 10

10 10

Total: 110
Problem 1) True/False questions (20 points), no justifications needed
Given a unit vector v, define g(x) = Dv f (x). If at a critical point, for all
1) T F vectors v we have Dv g(x) > 0, then f is a local maximum.

2) T F Assume f satisfies the PDE fx = fy . If g = fx , then gx = gy .

The equation φ = π/4 in spherical coordinates (ρ ≥ 0, 0 ≤ φ ≤ π, 0 ≤ θ ≤

3) T F 2π as usual) and the surface x2 + y 2 = z 2 (with no further restrictions on
x, y, z) are the same surface.
Even with fx (a, b) = 0 and fy (a, b) = 0, it is possible that some directional
4) T F derivative D~v (f ) of f (x, y) at (a, b) is non-zero.
There exists a pair of different points on a sphere, for which the tangent
5) T F planes are parallel.
If ~u is a unit vector tangent at (x, y, z) to the level surface of f (x, y, z) then
6) T F Du f (x, y, z) = 0.
Assume we have a smooth function f (x, y) for which the lines x = 0, y = 0
7) T F and x = y are level curves f (x, y) = 0. Then (0, 0) is a critical point with
D < 0.
8) T F The gradient of f (x, y) is perpendicular to the graph of f .

The level curves of a linearization L(x, y) of a function f (x, y) = sin(x + y)

9) T F at (0, 0) consist of lines.

10) T F If x4 y + sin(y) = 0 then y ′ = 4x3 y/(x4 + cos(y)).

The linearization L(x, y) at a critical point (x0 , y0 ) of a function f (x, y) is
11) T F
a constant function.
The surface x2 + y 2 − z 2 = 1 has a parametrization of the form
12) T F hx(s, t), y(s, t), z(s, t)i = hs, t, f (s, t)i for some function f (s, t) for which
the parametrization covers the entire surface.
The tangent plane to the graph of f (x, y) at a point (x0 , y0, f (x0 , y0)) is a
13) T F level surface of the linearization L(x, y, z) of z − f (x, y).
The critical points of F (x, y, λ) = f (x, y) − λg(x, y) are solutions to the La-
14) T F grange equations when extremizing the function f (x, y) under the constraint
g(x, y) = 0.
π
15) T F The curve defined by z = 1, θ = 4
in cylindrical coordinates is a circle.

If (0, 0) is a critical point of f (x, y) and the discriminant D is zero but

16) T F fxx (0, 0) > 0 then (0, 0) can not be a local maximum.

17) T F If f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 , then ∇f = 2x + 2y + 2z.

A function f (x, y) in the plane always has a local minimum or a local

18) T F
maximum.
19) T F For any smooth function f (x, y), the inequality k∇f k ≥ |fx + fy | is true.

If a function f (x, y) satisfies |∇f (x, y)| = 1 everywhere in the plane, then
20) T F f is constant.
Problem 2) (10 points)

-2 -1 1 2

-1

-2

a) The picture above shows a contour map of a function f (x, y) of two variables. This
function has 12 critical points and all of them are marked. Each of them is either a local
max, a local min or a saddle point. The picture shows also some gradient vectors. Count
the number of critical points in the following table. No justifications are necessary.
The function f (x, y) has local maxima
The function f (x, y) has local minima
The function f (x, y) has saddle points
b) (4 points) Match the following partial differential equations with the names. No justi-
fications are needed.
Enter A,B,C,D here PDE Enter A,B,C,D here PDE
uxx + uyy = 0 ux − uyy = 0

uxx − uyy = 0 ux − uy = 0

A) Wave equation B) Heat equation C) Transport equation D) Laplace equation

Problem 3) (10 points)

Find the cos of the angle between the sphere

x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 9 = 0
and the paraboloid
z − x2 − y 2 + 3 = 0
at the point (2, −1, 2).

Note: The angle between two general surfaces at a point P is defined as the angle between
the tangent planes at the point P .

Problem 4) (10 points)

a) You know that

−2x + 5y + 10z = 2
is the equation of the tangent plane to the graph of f (x, y) at the point (−1, 2, −1).
Find the gradient ∇f (−1, 2) at the point (−1, 2) and Estimate f (−0.998, 2.0001) using
linear approximation.

b) Let f (x, y, z) = x2 + 2y 2 + 3xz + 2. Find the equation of the tangent plane to the
surface f (x, y, z) = 0 at the point (2, 0, −1) and estimate f (2.001, 0.01, −1.0001).
Problem 5) (10 points)

a) (4 points) Find all the critical points of the function f (x, y) = xy in the interior of the
elliptic domain
1
x2 + y 2 < 1 .
4
and decide for each point whether it is a maximum, a minimum or a saddle point.

b) (4 points) Find the extrema of f on the boundary

1
x2 + y 2 = 1 .
4
of the same domain.

c) (2 points) What is the global maximum and minimum of f on x2 + 41 y 2 ≤ 1.

Problem 6) (10 points)

a) Assume f (x, y) = e2x−y−2 + y + sin(x − 1) and x(t) = cos(5t), y(t) = sin(5t). What is
d
f (x(t), y(t))
dt
at time t = 0.
b) The relation
xyz + z 3 + xy + yz 2 = 4
defines z as a function of x and y near (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 1). Find the gradient
∂z ∂z
h (1, 1), (1, 1)i
∂x ∂y
of z(x, y) at the point (1, 1).

Problem 7) (10 points)

The temperature in a room is given by T (x, y, z) = x2 + 2y 2 − 3z + 1.

a) Barry B. Benson is hovering at the point (1, 0, 0) and feels cold. Which direction should
he go to heat up most quickly? Make sure that your answer is a unit vector.

b) At some later time, Barry arrives at the point (3, 2, 1) and decides that this is a nice
temperature. Find a direction (a unit vector) in which he can go, to stay at the same
temperature and the same altitude.

Problem 8) (10 points)

Let g(x, y) denote the distance of a point P = (x, y) to a point A and h(x, y) the distance
from P to a point B. The set of points (x, y) for which f (x, y) = g(x, y) + h(x, y) is con-
stant, forms an ellipse. In other words, the level curves of f are ellipses.

a) (4 points) Why is ∇g + ∇h perpendicular to the ellipse?

b) (3 points) Show that if ~r(t) parametrizes the ellipse, then (∇g + ∇h) · ~r′ = 0 or
∇g · r ′ = −∇h · r ′ .
c) (3 points) Conclude from this that the lines AP and BP make equal angles with the
tangent to the ellipse at P . (Hint: check that |∇f | = |∇g| = 1).
You have now shown that light rays originating at focus A will be reflected from the ellipse
to focus at the point B.
P

A B

Problem 9) (10 points)

Minimize the material cost of an office tray

f (x, y) = xy + 2x + 2y
of length x, width y and height 1 under the constraint that the volume g(x, y) = xy is
constant and equal to 4.

x y

Problem 10) (10 points)

A beach wind protection is manufactured as follows. There is a rectangular floor ACBD

of length a and width b. A pole of height c is located at the corner C and perpendicular
to the ground surface. The top point P of the pole forms with the corners A and C one
triangle and with the corners B and C an other triangle. The total material has a fixed
area of g(a, b, c) = ab + ac/2 + bc/2 = 12 square meters. For which dimensions a, b, c is the
volume f (a, b, c) = abc/6 of the tetrahedral protected by this configuration maximal?