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7th Week Assignment FM2023 - NPTEL - Assignment - Solutions

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42 views6 pages

7th Week Assignment FM2023 - NPTEL - Assignment - Solutions

Uploaded by

Rakshankitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment: 7

1 Mark
Q1. Which one is not a primary dimension?
(a) Velocity (u)
(b) Time (t)
(c) Length (L)
(d) Temperature (T)
(e) Mass (m)

Solution: There are seven primary dimensions (also called fundamental or basic
dimensions)—mass, length, time, temperature, electric current, amount of light, and amount
of matter.

Q2. Which similarity condition is related to force-scale equivalence?


(a) Geometric
(b) Kinematic
(c) Dynamic
(d) Kinematic and dynamic

Solution: Dynamic similarity condition is related to force-scale equivalence


Q3. Consider unsteady fully developed Coutte flow-flow between two infinite parallel plates.
This problem involves the following parameters: velocity component u, the distance between
the plates h, vertical distance y, top plate speed V, fluid density ρ, fluid viscosity μ, and time t.
The number of expected nondimensional parameters πs for this problem is

(a) 6
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 3
Solution:
n=7 "number of parameters"
j=3 "reduction: number of primary dimensions in the problem"
k=n-j = 7-3= 4
Therefore, the number of expected nondimensional parameters πs for this problem is 4.

Q4. The primary dimension of kinematic viscosity is


(a) m·L/t2
(b) m/L·t
(c) L2/t
(d) L2/m·t

Solution: The kinematic viscosity is defined as the ratio of dynamic viscosity and density. The
unit of kinematic viscosity is m2/s, so the primary dimension of kinematic viscosity is L2/t.

Q5. A model of reservoir is emptied in 10 minutes. If the model scale is 1: 25, the time taken
by the prototype to empty itself, would be-
(a) 250 minutes
(b) 50 minutes
(c) 6250 minutes
(d) 2 minutes

Solution:
Tm = 10 minutes
Lr = 1:25

From Froude law of similarity,

Frm = Frp
 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = √𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = √𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 1
 = �
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 25
 10/Tp = 1/5
 Tp = 50minutes

Q6. The ratio of inertial force and surface tension force is generally known as the-

(a) Froude’s number


(b) Reynold’s number
(c) Mach number
(d) Weber number

Solution:
The weber number is given by,
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝜌𝜌𝑉𝑉 2 𝐿𝐿2 𝑉𝑉
W= � = � =
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝜎𝜎∗𝐿𝐿 �𝜎𝜎 ⁄𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌

Q7. The dimension of pressure gradient in a fluid flow is given by-


(a)
M-1L-3T-2
(b) ML-1T2
(c)
ML-3T-2
(d) ML-2T-2
Solution:
Pressure gradient = Pressure intensity/ length
𝑀𝑀�
𝐿𝐿∗𝑇𝑇 2
= = 𝑀𝑀𝐿𝐿−2 𝑇𝑇 −2
𝐿𝐿

Q8. A ship with full length of 100 m is to run with a speed of 10 m/s. For dynamic similarity,
the velocity for a 1:25 model of the ship in a towing tank should be-
(a) 2 m/s
(b) 10 m/s
(c) 20 m/s
(d) 25 m/s
Solution:
Vp = 10 m/s
Lr = 1:25

From Froude law of similarity,

Frm = Frp
 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = √𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
 = √𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉

 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = �1�25 × 10
 Vm = 2 m/s

Q9. Which of the following is not a fundamental dimension?


a. Length
b. Mass
c. Time
d. Pressure
Q10. Geometric similarity between model and prototype means-

a. The similarity of linear dimensions


b. The similarity discharge
c. The similarity of motion
d. The similarity of forces
2 Marks

Q11. For a Froude model law, find the ratio of velocity, and discharge, in terms of the length
scale.

(a) �𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 , and 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 9⁄2

(b) �𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 , and 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 3⁄2

(c) �𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 , and 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 7⁄2

(d) �𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 , and 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 5⁄2

Solution:

In Froude model law the model and prototype Froude numbers are the same. Hence:

𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑉𝑝𝑝
Froude Number, (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹)𝑚𝑚 = ⇒ (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹)𝑝𝑝 =
�𝑔𝑔𝐿𝐿𝑚𝑚 �𝑔𝑔𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑝

The gravity g is the same for both model and prototype. Hence if the length ratio 𝐿𝐿𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑝 = 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟
and 𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝜌𝜌𝑝𝑝 = 𝜌𝜌𝑟𝑟

Velocity ratio, 𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟 = �𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟

Discharge Ratio, 𝑄𝑄𝑟𝑟 = 𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 2 = 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 5⁄2

Q12. A geometrically similar spillway model is constructed to a scale of 1:16. Corresponding


to a discharge of 1024 cumecs in the prototype, the discharge in the model (in cumecs) will be-

(a) 1
(b) 12
(c) 16
(d) 64

Solution:

Lr = 1:16

Qp = 1024 cumecs
From Froude law of similarity,

Frm = Frp
Qr = Ar * Vr

= Lr2 * (Lr)^0.5

= (Lr)5/2

5
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 1 2
= � �
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 16

Qm = 1 cumecs

Q13. In a 1/50 model of spillway the discharge of prototype is 5303 m3/s. the corresponding model
discharge (in m3/s) is-

a. 2
b. 1
c. 0.5
d. 0.3
Solution- Q= x*(50)2.5=5303, x= 0.3

Q14. List 1 contains dimensionless parameters and List 2 contains the ratios.
List 1
P. Mach number
Q. Reynolds number
R. Weber number
S. Froude Number
List 2
1. Ratio of inertial force to gravitational force
2. Ratio of fluid velocity and velocity of sound
3. Ratio of inertial force to viscous elastic force
4. Ratio of inertial force and surface tension force
a. P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1
b. P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1
c. P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1
d. P-1; Q-3; R-2, S-4
Q15. A device operating on a surface of a liquid to study using a model with a ratio 1:20.
What should be ratio of kinematic viscosity between model and prototype so that Froude and
Reynolds numbers remain the same.
a. (1/20)0.5
b. (1/20)1
c. (1/20)1.5
d. (1/20)2.5

Solution:

For Froude No to be similar,


𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝒎𝒎 = 𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝒑𝒑
𝑼𝑼 𝑼𝑼
( )𝒎𝒎 = ( )𝒑𝒑
�𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈 √𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈

Dividing 1 by 2 we get

Vp/vm= (Lr)3/2= (1/20)1.5

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