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Mathnotes Module 4b

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Coley Boyd
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7 views

Mathnotes Module 4b

Uploaded by

Coley Boyd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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● Five number summaries

○ Quartiles
■ Lower quartile is the lowest 25% of a population
■ Middle quartile is the median, at 50 percent
■ The upper quartile is the upper 25% of the population
■ You also have the minimum and the maximum
● Normal distribution
○ 50 percent of the distribution should be below the mean, and 50 percent should
be above the mean
○ Data values that are further away from the mean become increasingly rare
○ The normal distribution of a graph should be a bell curve
○ Almost everything under the normal distribution curve should be within three
standard deviations.
■ 68% should be within one standard deviation
■ 95% are within two
■ And 99.7% are within three
■ U=The mean, O equals standard deviation.
○ Standard scores
■ The empirical rule only applies when a value is exactly within 1, 2, or 3,
standard deviations. For cases where this is not true, we use standard
scores, or Z scores, to find the number of standard deviations a data
value is from the mean.
■ Z scores are plotted on a special normal distribution called standard
normal distribution. SND is a normal distribution with a pop mean of 0 and
a standard deviation of 1. If it is positive, it is above the mean, negative
means below the mean.
■ Z score(or just Z)=X-U/O, or, X-the mean/Standard deviation
○ Expected Value
■ It is the average loss or gain of an event if the procedure is repeated
many times.
● U=E(X) or SigmaXiPi, Where Xi is an outcome, and Pi is the
probability of that outcome
■ We can compute the expected value by multiplying each outcome by the
probability of each outcome, and then adding up the products.

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