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Chapter 00b

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5 views8 pages

Chapter 00b

Uploaded by

Samya S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Figure 0.

2 The Euclidean algorithm

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 0-1


History of Computing

• Early computing devices


– Abacus: positions of beads represent numbers
– Gear-based machines (1600s-1800s)
• Positions of gears represent numbers
• Blaise Pascal, Wilhelm Leibniz, Charles Babbage

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 0-2


Figure 0.3 Chinese Wooden Abacus

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Early Data Storage

• Punched cards
– First used in Jacquard Loom (1801) to store
patterns for weaving cloth
– Storage of programs in Babbage’s Analytical
Engine
– Popular through the 1970’s
• Gear positions

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 0-4


Early Computers

• Based on mechanical relays


– 1940: Stibitz at Bell Laboratories
– 1944: Mark I: Howard Aiken and IBM at Harvard
• Based on vacuum tubes
– 1937-1941: Atanasoff-Berry at Iowa State
– 1940s: Colossus: secret German code-breaker
– 1940s: ENIAC: Mauchly & Eckert at U. of Penn.

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Figure 0.4 The ENIAC computer

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Personal Computers

– First used by hobbyists


– IBM introduced the PC in 1981.
• Accepted by business
• Became the standard hardware design for most
desktop computers
• Most PCs use software from Microsoft

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 0-7


Into the Millennium

• Internet revolutionized communications


– World Wide Web
– Search Engines (Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft)
• Miniaturization of computing machines
– Embedded (GPS, in automobile engines)
– Smartphones

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 0-8

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