Lecture

Theory Topics

Application of
Information
Course: &Information & Communication Technologies
Applications of
Communication
Class: BS Computer Science Semester: 1st

Technologies
Instructor: Muhammad Tariq Rashid
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objectives Overview

Identify the keys and buttons

commonly found on desktop
Define input and differentiate computer keyboards, and
Describe different mouse types
among a program, command, and describe how keyboards for and explain how to use a mouse
user response mobile computers and devices
differ from desktop computer
keyboards

Describe various types of touch Describe various types of pen

Summarize the purpose of various
screens and explain how a touch- input, and identify other types of
game controllers
sensitive pad works input for smart phones

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Objectives Overview

Explain how resolution Describe the uses of

Discuss how various
affects the quality of a voice recognition, Web
scanners and reading
picture captured on a cams, and video
devices work
digital camera conferencing

Discuss how POS Identify alternative

Summarize the various terminals, automated input devices for
biometric devices teller machines, and physically challenged
DVD kiosks work users

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What Is Input?

• Input is any data and instructions entered into the

memory of a computer

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What Is Input?

• Instructions can be entered into the computer in the

form of programs, commands, and user responses
A program is a series of related
instructions that tells a computer what
tasks to perform and how to perform
them

Programs respond to commands that a

user issues

A user response is an instruction a user

issues by replying to a question
displayed by a program

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What Are Input Devices

An input device
is any hardware
component that
allows users to
enter data and
instructions into
a computer

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The Keyboard

• A keyboard is an input device that contains keys

users press to enter data and instructions into a
computer

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The Keyboard

• Most desktop computer keyboards have…

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The Keyboard

• The insertion point, also known as the cursor, is a

symbol on the screen that indicates where the
next character you type will appear

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The Keyboard

Wired Wireless
Keyboards Keyboards
USB port Bluetooth

IrDA

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The Keyboard

• An ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces

the chance of wrist and hand injuries
• Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and
safety into the design of the workplace

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The Keyboard

• Keyboards on mobile devices typically are smaller

and/or have fewer keys
• Some phones have predictive text input, which
saves time when entering text using the phone’s
keypad

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Pointing Devices

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Mouse

• A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the

palm of your hand comfortably
– Most widely used pointing device on desktop
computers
• A mouse can be wired or wireless

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Mouse

• Mouse operations

Point Click Right-click Double-click

Rotate
Triple-click Drag Right-drag
wheel

Free-spin Press thumb

Press wheel Tilt wheel
wheel button

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Other Pointing Devices

• A trackball is a • A touchpad is a • A pointing stick is a

Pointing Stick
Touchpad
Trackball

stationary pointing small, flat, rectangular pressure-sensitive

device with a ball on pointing device that is pointing device
its top or side sensitive to pressure shaped like a pencil
and motion eraser that is
positioned between
keys on a keyboard

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Touch Screens and Touch-Sensitive Pads

• A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display device

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Touch Screens and Touch-Sensitive Pads

Microsoft Surface Touch-sensitive pads

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Pen Input

• With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat

surface to write, draw, or make selections

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Other Input for Smart Phones

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Game Controllers

• Video games and computer games use a game controller

as the input device that directs movements and actions
of on-screen objects

Joysticks and
Gamepads Light guns
Wheels

Motion-
Dance pads sensing
controllers
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Game Controllers

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Digital Cameras

• A digital camera is a mobile device that allows

users to take pictures and store them digitally

Studio cameras

Field cameras

Point-and-shoot camera
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Digital Cameras

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Digital Cameras

• Two factors affect the quality of digital camera photos:

• Resolution is the number of horizontal
and vertical pixels in a display device
Resolution • A pixel is the smallest element in an
electronic display

Number of bits • Each pixel consists of one or more bits of

data
stored in each • The more bits used to represent a
pixel, the more colors and shades of gray
pixel that can be represented

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Voice Input

• Voice input is the

process of entering
input by speaking into a
microphone
• Voice recognition is the
computer’s capability of
distinguishing spoken
words

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Voice Input

• Audio input is the process of entering any sound

into the computer
Speech

Music

Sound Effects

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Voice Input

• Music production software allows users to

record, compose, mix, and edit music and sounds

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Video Input

• Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and

storing them on a computer’s storage medium

Record video on a digital video (DV) camera or use a

video capture card to convert analog signals to digital

Connect the camera to a port on the system unit

Transfer video and images

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Video Input

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Video Input

• A Web cam is a type of digital video camera that

enables a user to:

Send e-mail
Capture video and Add live images to
messages with
still images instant messages
video attachments

Broadcast live
Make video
images over the
telephone calls
Internet

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Video Input

• A video conference is a meeting between two or

more geographically separated people

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Scanners and Reading Devices

Flatbed

Pen or Handheld

Sheet-fed

Drum
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Scanners and Reading Devices

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Scanners and Reading Devices

• Optical character recognition (OCR) involves reading

characters from ordinary documents
• A turnaround document is a document you return to the
company that creates and sends it

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Scanners and Reading Devices

• Optical mark
recognition (OMR)
reads hand-drawn
marks such as small
circles or rectangles
• An OMR device scans
the documents and
matches the patterns of
light

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Scanners and Reading Devices

• A bar code reader, also

called a bar code
scanner uses laser
beams to read bar
codes

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Scanners and Reading Devices

• RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to

communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object
• An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves
• RFID can track:

Tracking times of
Tracking location Employee Airline baggage Checking lift
runners in a
marathon of soldiers wardrobes tickets of skiers

Managing Gauging pressure Checking out Tracking toll

inventory and temperature library books payments
of tires

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Scanners and Reading Devices

• Magnetic stripe card readers read the magnetic

stripe on the back of cards such as:
Credit cards

Entertainment cards

Bank cards

Other similar cards

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Scanners and Reading Devices

• MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices read text

printed with magnetized ink
• An MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form the
computer can process
• Banking industry uses MICR for check processing

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Scanners and Reading Devices

• Data collection devices

obtain data directly at
the location where the
transaction or event
takes place
• Used in:
– Restaurants
– Grocery stores
– Factories
– Warehouses
– The outdoors

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Biometric Input

• Biometrics authenticates a person’s identity by

verifying a personal characteristic
Face Hand
Fingerprint
recognition geometry
reader
system system

Voice Signature
Iris recognition
verification verification
system
system system

Retinal
scanners

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Biometric Input

hand
geometry
system

iris
recognition
system
fingerprint
reader

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Terminals

• A terminal is a computer that allows users to send data to

and/or receive information from a host computer

A POS terminal An automated teller A DVD kiosk is a self-

records machine (ATM) service DVD rental
purchases, processes allows users to access machine
payment, and their bank accounts
updates inventory

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Putting It All Together

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Putting It All Together

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Putting It All Together

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Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users

• Several input devices are available to assist

physically challenged users:

Keyboards Various
On-screen
Keyguard with larger pointing
keyboard
keys devices

Head- Computerized
Gesture
mounted implant
recognition
pointer devices

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Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users

Keyboard with larger keys Head-mounted pointer

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Summary

Various techniques of entering input Several commonly used input devices

Keyboard, mouse, and other pointing

devices; touch screens, pen
input, other input for smart
Input devices for physically challenged
phones, game controllers, digital
users
cameras, voice input, video
input, scanners and reading
devices, biometric input, and terminals

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