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Atomic Paper
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Atomic Paper
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KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE WITH EDUCATION YEAR I SEMESTER I EXAMINATIONS 2021/2022 SPH 1102: ATOMIC PHYSICS TIM! TE: 4™ MAY, 2022 )0 ~ 12:00 NOON INSTRUCTIONS: This paper contains seven (7) questions. Attempt any Five (5) questions. ‘Answer to each question must begin on a fresh page. Do not open the paper until you are told to do so by the invigilator. DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO BY THE INVIGILATORS ‘©kyU-Physics Department Page(4 marks) 1. (@) Mention the key features of the Bohr-Rutherford model of the atom. (b) Define the following terms in relation to the atomic structure. (i) Neutron (1 mark) Excited state (1 mark) Mass number (1 mark) (©) Draw a Bohr-Ruther ford diagram for oxygen isotope, 780. (2 marks) (d) Using Bohr’s theory, derive the expression for; (i) Radius of the hydrogen atom (6 marks) (ii) Energy of the hydrogen atom (5 marks) 2. (a) Describe the mechanism of conduction in a discharge tube. (3 marks) (b) By use of a diagram, describe how cathode rays are produced using a Cathode ray tube, (5 marks) (©) Derive an expression for velocity of an electron in an electric field. (6 marks) @A beam of electrons accelerated through a p.d of 100V is-directed at the centre between two horizontal plates of length 6 cm and separation 3 cm. The p.d across the plates is 40 V. Calculate the speed of the electrons as they emerge from the region between the plates, (6 marks) 3. (a) Describe the following; ~ (i) Emission spectra (3 marks) Gi) Absorption spectra (3 marks) (b) Draw an energy level diagram to show how spectral lines are related to atomic energy of a hydrogen atom. (4 marks) (©) Derive the expressions for; ( Minimum wavelength of light in Lymann series. (3 marks) (ii) Maximum wavelength of light in Balmer series. (marks) (d) A hydrogen atom on absorbing a photon gets excited to n= 5 level from its ground state in the Paschen series. What is the wavelength and frequency of the photon? (4 marks) 4. (@) (i) Whatare x-rays? (1 mark) (ii) Describe how x-rays are produced, (5 marks) ge ‘OKyU-Physics Department Page 2Plena, Pha checle VO Pie orton (b) Define the following terms as applied to photoelectric effect; © @ Stopping potential (1 mark) (ii) Work function (1 mark) Threshold wavelength pede I mark) (iv) Threshold frequency 7 "9. Frum © ee SrezET! mark) (©) Describe how photoelectric effect occurs. fi. Teg a (5 marks) (@) The threshold wavelength of a photo-emissive surface is 0.5jm. Calculate; (The work function (2 marks) Gii) The maximum speed of the electron emitted by violet light of wavelength 0,2 um. (3 marks) 5. (a) Prove the Bragg’s law. (4 marks) (b) The wavelength of x-rays is 4.0 x 10""' m and glancing angle 15°. Ifa second order diffraction image is obtained by reflection of x-rays at the atomic planes of a crystal, calculate the atomic spacing of the planes.. (3 marks) © Gi What is meant by the term wave particle duality? (2 marks) Gi) Explain any two examples that show wave particle duality. (4 marks) @___ Gi Use the De-broglie hypothesis to derive the expression for the wavelength of an electron accelerated by a potential, V, from rest toa velocity, v, (4 marks) (iii) Calculate the De-broglie wavelength of a 20 g bullet moving at A QZ. speed of 200 ms, & aay (3 marks) 6 @)_—_@ Using a diagram, explain the Compion effect, (4 marks) (ii) Write down the expression for the Compton shift. (1 mark) (6) @ State Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and derive its expression.(4 marks) (ii) Use Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle to show that an electron cannot exist in the nucleus, (5 marks) c) Défive the Schrédinger’s equation for a free particle in the presence of both kinetic and potential energy . (10 marks) 7. @) What is meant by the following quantum numbers; @ Principle quantum number (2 marks) ‘OKyY-Physics Department ==Gi) Angular momentum quantum number . (2 marks) (ii) Magnetic quantum number (2 marks) (iv) Spin quantum number: (2 marks) (b) State Pauli’s exclusion principle. (1 mark) (c) Distinguish between stimulated absorption and spontaneous emission in lasers. (2 marks) (@ Explain the following as applied to lasers; (i) Metastable-states - (2 marks) (ji) Population inversion (2 marks) (iii) Optical pumping (2 marks) (©) Give three properties of laser light. (3 marks) END
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