CHAPTER NOTES 1

 Plasticity:
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
SOLIDS (ELASTICITY) If a body does not regain its original size and
shape even after the removal of deforming
 Deforming force:
force. It is said to be plastic body and this
A force which changes the size or shape of a property is called plasticity.
body is called a deforming force. It can be a
Example: We stretch a piece of chewing-gum
tensile force, normal force (or) tangential force.
and release it; it will not regain its original size
and shape.
 Elasticity:

If a body regains its original size and shape  Perfectly plastic body:
after the removal of deforming force, it is said
If a body does not show any tendency to regain
to be elastic body and this property is called
its original size and shape even after the
elasticity.
removal of deforming force, it is said to be a
Example: We stretch a rubber band and release perfectly plastic body.
it; it shapes back to its original length.
Putty and paraffin wax are nearly perfectly

 Impurity of substance, hammering & plastic bodies.

annealing (i.e. process of softening a

 Stress:
material), change in temperature affect the
The internal restoring force set up per unit
elasticity of a substance.
area of cross-section of the deformed body is
 Perfectly elastic body: called stress.

If a body regains its original size and shape As the restoring force is equal and opposite of
completely and immediately after the removal F
the external deforming force i.e. Stress 
of deforming force it is said to be an elastic body. A

The nearest approach to a perfectly elastic body  Types of stress:

is quartz fiber.
(1) Tensile stress:

(2) Tangential (or) Shearing stress:

CHAPTER NOTES 2
 Strain:  Shear strain =  = tan 

The ratio of the change in any dimension Relative displacement between 2 parallel planes l
 
Distance between parallel planes l
produced in the body to its original dimension is
Change in dimension
called strain. Strain 
Original dimension

It has no units and dimensions.

 Strain is of three types:

(i) Longitudinal strain:  When a spiral spring is stretched by

It is equal to the ratio of change in length to the suspending a load on it, the strain produced

original length. is called Shearing

Change in length l  When a spring is stretched by applying a load

Longitudinal strain  
Original length l to its free end, both longitudinal and shear
strain are produced in the spring.
l

 When a beam is bent both compression

l
strain as well as an extension strain is
F
produced.
NOTE: Longitudinal strain is possible only in
solids.

(ii) Volumetric strain:  Elastic limit:

The ratio of change in volume to the original The maximum stress within which the body

Change in Volume V regains its original size and shape after the
volume: Volumetric strain  
Original Volume V removal of deforming force is called elastic limit.

(V – V)

(iii) Shear strain:

The angle  (in radian), through which a face

originally perpendicular to the fixed face gets
turned on applying tangential deforming force.
 1
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF   d2 
 F  d2  A   r 2
 
 4 
SOLIDS (ELASTICITY)
2 2
F   d  2
 Breaking stress is fixed for a material but     F   500    2000 N
F d 1
breaking force depends on area of the cross
section of the wire. Q.3. To break (i.e., force) a wire of one meter
length, minimum 40 kg wt. is required. Then the
 Breaking force  Breaking stress  Area 
  wire of the same material of double radius and
 For same material breaking stress is same 
6 m length will require breaking weight
NOTE: Breaking stress of a wire depends upon (a) 80 kg-wt (b) 240 kg-wt
the material of the wire.  Breaking stress  l  g 
(c) 200 kg-wt (d) 160 kg-wt

ONE CORRECT OPTION SOLUTION: (d)

Q.1. The breaking stress of a wire depends on  Breaking force

(a) Material of the wire = Breaking stress × Area of cross section of wire

(b) Length-of the wire  Breaking force  r2

2 2
(c) Radius of the wire F r  40  r 
 1  1       F2  160
F2  r2  F2  2r 
(d) Shape of the cross-section

SOLUTION: (a) Q.4. A wire can sustain the weight of 20 kg

before breaking. If the wire is cut into two
Breaking stress of a wire depend on its nature of
equal parts, each part can sustain a weight of
material.
(a) 10 kg (b) 20 kg
Q.2. A rope 1 cm in diameter breaks if the
(c) 40 kg (d) 80 kg
tension in it exceeds 500 N. The maximum
tension that may be given to a similar rope of SOLUTION: (b)
diameter 2 cm is
The wire cut into 2 equal parts but the area of
(a) 500 N (b) 250 N the wires remains same and no change in

(c) 1000 N (d) 2000 N nature of material i.e., breaking stress is same.

Hence each part can sustain a weight of 20 kg.

SOLUTION: (d)

Breaking force (F) = Breaking stress × Area

 2
2nd Day Lecture
 Hooke's law:

It states that within the elastic limit, the stress

is directly proportional to strain within the
Stress
elastic-limit, Stress  Strain  k SOLUTION: (a), (b), (c), (d)
Strain
Stress F / A FL  Mg  L
The constant of proportionality is called  Y   
Strain L / L AL AL
modulus of elasticity or coefficient of elasticity
of the material. (a) F  L i .e graph between is straight

“Hooke's law is valid only in the linear part of (b) Stress  L i .e. graph between is straight
the stress-strain curve”
(c) Stress  Strain i.e. graph between is straight

 Types of modulus of elasticity: (d) Weight  L i.e. graph between is straight

1) Modulus of elasticity/Young's modulus:  Y is for solid only and for powders: Y  0

Longitudinal stress F /A FL
Y    Young’s modulus of perfectly rigid body
Longitudinal strain  l  l  / L A   L 
material is infinity
2
Units: The SI unit is Nm (or) Pascal (Pa)
 Stress-strain graph:
Stress

ONE OR MORE CORRECT OPTIONS


Q.1. A student plots a graph from his readings Strain
on the determination of Young's modulus of a Slope stress-strain graph: m  tan  Y
metal wire but forgets to put the labels (figure).
The quantities on X and Y-axes may be  Elasticity of wire decreases with increase of
temperature. F
respectively T2

T1
(a) Weight hung and length increased

(b) Stress applied and length increased x

Elasticity of wire decreases at high
(c) Stress applied and strain developed
temperature i.e., at higher temperature slope of
(d) Length increased and the weight hung graph will be less: T1  T2
 3
PRACTICE QUESTION: ///////////////////////////////

Q.1. The strain-stress curves of three wires of Steel

different materials as shown in the figure. P, Q m

and R is the elastic limits of the wires. The
Brass
figure shows that
2m

2ac 3a
(a) (b)
b2 2 b 2c

3c 2a2c
(c) (d)
2ab2 b
(a) Elasticity of the wire P is maximum
SOLUTION: (b)
(b) Elasticity of wire Q is maximum

(c) Tensile strength of R is minimum

(d) None of the above

SOLUTION: (d)

On the graph stress is represented on X-axis

r1  Y
1 Given: = b, 1 = a, 1 = c
and strain Y-axis, so Y  cot   r2 2 Y2
tan

Where,  is the angle from stress axis l1 =

3mg   1 and l2 =
2mg   2
A1Y1 A2Y2
 YP  YQ  YR  P  Q   R 
 1 3  1 A2Y2 3 a 3a
 =  = =
We can say that elasticity of wire P is minimum
 2 2  2 A1Y1 2
2 bc 2 b2c

and R is maximum.
 The graph between  L and L :
2

Q.2. If the ratio of lengths, radii and

FL FL FL2
Young’s moduli of steel and brass wires in Y    L  L2
A L V / L  L V L
the figure are a, b and c respectively. Then the
corresponding ratio of increase in their Hence, the graph between L & L2 will give a
lengths would be: straight line.
 4
PRACTICE QUESTION: FL T1 L T2L
Y  Y  and Y 
A  L  A  L1  L  A  L2  L 
Q.1. Two wires are made of the same
material and have the same volume.
T1 L T2L
   T1  L2  L   T2  L1  L 
However, wire 1 has cross-sectional area A and A  L1  L A  L2  L
wire 2 has cross-sectional area 3A. If the length
of wire 1 increases by x on applying force F,  L   L1T2  L2T1  / T2  T1 
how much force is needed to stretch wire 2
 Total increase in the length of wire in final
by the same amount?
condition:
(a) 4F (b) 6F (c) 9F (d) F

[IIT MAINS 2009]

Solution: (c)

Given: V , l(  x ),Y (same material)  Same

FL FV  V
Y   F  A2  L  A 
Al A2l
WL WL
 For Case-I (Ist figure): Y   l
F   A   3A 
2 Al AY
   9  F   9F
F  A   A 
Now,
 For Case-II (IInd figure): Increase length at
W  L / 2 l
EXTRA INFORMATION one end in the final condition l '  
AY 2
Q.1. The length of a metal wire is L1 when the
Similarly, increase length at second end in final
tension in it is T1 and is L2 when the tension is
W ( L/2) l  WL 
T2. The natural length of the wire is
condition: l " 
AY

2  l  
 AY 

L1  L2  Total increase in the length of wire in final

(a) (b) L1 L2
2 l l
condition  l ' l "    l
2 2
L1 T2  L2 T1 L1 T2  L2 T1
(c) (d)
T2  T1 T2  T1
ONE CORRECT OPTION

SOLUTION: (c)
Q.1. A wire elongates by 1.0 mm when a load
Let the original length of the wire = L W is hanged from it. If this wire goes over a
pulley and two weights W each are hung at the
According to question, the wire is the same
two ends, the elongation of the wire will be
material and no change in area (A).
(a) 0.5 m (b) 1.0 mm
 5
(c) 2.0 mm (d) 4.0 mm Stress 80 8
Strain   =  10–4
Y 3  5  10  2  10
–7 11
3
SOLUTION: (b)
Q.2. A wire elongates by l mm when a  Extension of wire length under its
load W is hanged from it. If the wire goes
own weight:
over a pulley and two weights W each are
hung at the two ends, the elongation of
PRACTICE QUESTION:
the wire will be (in mm)
Q.1. One end of a uniform wire of length L and
(a) l (b) 2 l (c) zero (d) l /2
of weight W is attached rigidly to a point in the
Solution: (a)
roof and a weight W1 is suspended from its

lower end. If S is the area of cross-section of the

EXTRA INFORMATION
wire, the stress in the wire at a height 3L/4
Q.1. Three blocks A, B and C each of mass from its lower end is
4 kg are attached as shown in figure. Both the W1 W1  (W / 4)
(a) (b)
wires have equal cross-sectional area S S
5 × 10–7 m2. The surface is smooth. Find
W1  (3W / 4) W1  W
the longitudinal strain in each wire if (c) (d)
S S
Young’s modulus of both the wires is
2 × 1011 N/m2 (Take g = 10 m/s2) SOLUTION: (c)

Total force at height 3L / 4 from its lower end

= Weight suspended + Weight of 3/4 of the chain

 W1  (3W / 4)

Force W1  3W / 4 
SOLUTION:  Stress  
Area S
FNet 4g 40 10
aNet     m/s2
mNet 4  4  4 12 3 Q.2. One end of a uniform wire of length
'L' and mass 'M' is attached rigidly to a
40 80
Hence, T1 = N and T2 = N point in the roof and a load of mass 'm' is
3 3
suspended from its lower end. If A is the
→ Strain in wire 1:
area of cross-section of the wire, then stress
Stress 40 4 in the wire at a height 'x' form its lower
Strain     10–4
Y 3  5  10  2  10
–7 11
3
end  x  L  is
→ Strain in wire 2:
 6
 Feff  F1  F2

Yp  Aeff  leff Y1  A1  l Y2  A2  l
  
Leff L1 L2

Y1 A1  Y2 A2
 Yp  A1  A2   Y1  A1  Y2  A2  Yp 
A1  A2

(a) Mg  m x g (b) mg  M x g
A AL A AL
(2). Bulk modulus of elasticity:
mg M x g
(c)  (d) m g  M x g
AL A A AL

SOLUTION: (b)
 Mgx  Normal stress F/A F V PV
Force below sec tion  mg  L  k   . 
Stress    Volumetric strain V / V A V V
A  A 
 
Where P ( = F / A ) is the normal pressure.

 Series and Parallel Grouping: Negative sign shows that the volume decreases
If two wires of length L1 and L2 and Young’s with the increase in stress.

modulus Y1 and Y2 are in series/ parallel then

 The bulk modulus of a spherical object is ' B ' .
effective Young’s modulus is If it is subjected to uniform pressure ‘P’, the

 (a) In series: fractional decrease in radius is:

Aeff  A1  A2  A( let ), Leff  L1  L2 V R

 3 (Fractional form)
V R
Feff  F1  F2  F (let ), leff  l1  l2  Apply 
P R 1  V  P
We know, B    
Feff  Leff FL1 FL2 V / V R 3  V  3 B
 leff  l1  l2   
Aeff Ys AY1 AY2
PRACTICE QUESTION:
L  L2 L1 L2 Y Y L  L 
 1    Ys  1 2 2 1
Ys Y1 Y2 L1Y2  L2Y1 Q.1. A uniform cube is subjected to volume
compression. If each side is decreased by 1%,
 (b) In parallel: then bulk strain is

Aeff  A1  A2 , Leff  L1  L2  L  let  (a) 0.01 (b) 0.06

leff  l1  l2  let  , Feff  F1  F2 ( Apply ) (c) 0.02 (d) 0.03
 7
SOLUTION: (d) mg mg
(c) (d)
dV dL 3Ka Ka
If side of the cube is L then V  L3  3
V L Solution: (c)
 % change in volume Stress F (  mg)
Bulk modulus  
= 3 × (% change in length)= 3 × 1% = 3% V /V A V / V 

V mg  4 3 V r 
V    V  3  r ,  V  3 r 
 Bulk strain:  0.03 V AK  
V
r mg r mg
Q.2. For a constant hydraulic stress on an  3   
r AK r 3 AK
object, the fractional change in the object's
volume  V / V  and its bulk modulus (B)  Compressibility:
are related as
The reciprocal of the bulk modulus of a material
V V 1 1
(a) B (b)  is called its compressibility. Compressibility 
V V B k

V V
(c)  B2 (d)  B 2  The only elastic modulus that applies to
V V
fluids is Bulk modulus
SOLUTION: (b)
 The Bulk modulus for an incompressible
P 1 V
 B   liquid is Infinity
V / V B V

 The pressure of a medium is changed from

Q.3. A solid sphere of radius r made of a soft P1 to P2 and change in volume is x % keeping
material of bulk modulus K is surrounded by a temperature constant. The bulk modulus of
liquid in a cylindrical container. A massless
medium:
piston of area a floats on the surface of the
V x
liquid, covering entire cross section of Given :  P  P1  P2 , x%
V 100
cylindrical container. When a mass m is placed
P P1  P2
on the surface of the piston to compress the  k  k
V / V x / 100
liquid, the fractional decrement in the
radius of the sphere,  dr / r  , is  Density of Compressed Liquid:

Ka Ka If a liquid of density  , volume V and bulk

(a) (b)
mg 3mg modulus k is compressed, then its density
increases.
 8
m V  PRACTICE QUESTION:
Density:     …(i)
V  V
Q.1. The ratio of lengths of two rods A and
B of same material is 1 : 2 and the ratio of
 Definition of bulk modulus
their radii is 2 : 1, then the ratio of modulus
V  P V P of rigidity of A and B will be
k    …(ii)
V V k
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 16 : 1
     P
From (i) & (ii):   [  =   –  ] (c) 8 : 1 (d) 1 : 1
  k

SOLUTION: (d)
 P 
     1 
 k  Modulus of rigidity is the property of
material.
 If density of the material increases then more
force (stress) is required for same Q.2. A cube of aluminium of sides 0.1 m is
deformation i.e. the value of young's subjected to a shearing force of 100
modulus increases. N. The top face of the cube is displaced
through 0.02 cm with respect to the bottom
face. The shearing strain would be
(3). Modulus of rigidity/ shear modulus:
(a) 0.02 (b) 0.1

(c) 0.005 (d) 0.002

SOLUTION: (d)
x 0.02 cm
Shearing strain:   
L 10 cm
   0.002

 Tangential stress = F / A
AA ' l
 Shear Strain    tan  
AB l

Tangential strain F / A F
   
Shear strain  A

 Modulus of rigidity of a liquid is Zero

 1
(3) Beyond the point B:
 Stress-strain curve for a metallic

wire: Strain increases more rapidly than stress.

Curve for a metal wire which is gradually being If the load is removed at any point C, the
loaded. wire does not come back to its original
length but traces dashed line CE.

→The material is said to have acquired a

permanent set.

(The fact that the stress-strain curve is

not retraced on reversing the strain is
called elastic hysteresis)

(1) Part OA of graph is a straight line;

(4) Further increase in load beyond C
stress is proportional to strain and
produces a large increase in strain (or)
Hooke’s law is obeyed.
length of wire.
The point A is called proportional limit. In
The stress corresponding to highest
this region, the wire is perfectly elastic.
point D on graph is called ultimate
strength/ tensile strength of material.
(2) A→B:
Beyond this point additional strain is
The stress is not proportional to strain.
produced even if the wire is unloaded and
If the load is removed, then curve is finally the wire breaks at the fracture
retraced along BAO and the wire point E.
attains its original length.
In the region between B and E is called
The portion OB of the graph is elastic plastic region and the material is said to
region and the point B is called elastic undergo plastic flow/plastic deformation.
limit (or) yield point and corresponding
stress is called yield strength (Sy). Q.1. Find region in which the wire behaves
like a liquid?
 2
SOLUTION:  Graph between brittle & ductile:

Wire behaves like a liquid in region bc. A

Stress
B
 Ductile materials:

“The materials which have large plastic Strain

range of extension are called ductile materials.

In ductile materials (line A), yield
Their fracture point is widely separated
point exists
from the elastic limit.”
In Brittle material (line B), failure would
Example: Copper, silver, iron, occur without yielding.

 Elastic hysteresis:

The stress-strain curve for when loaded and

then unloaded

 Increasing load: Curve is OAB

 Brittle materials:  Decreasing load, the curve is BCO

“The materials which have very small The fact that the stress-strain curve is not
range of plastic extension are called retraced on reversing the strain is known
brittle materials. as elastic hysteresis.
Such materials break as soon as stress is
→ Shaded area of hysteresis loop OABCO
increased beyond the elastic limit.”
represents the energy lost as heat during the
Example: Cast iron, glass ceramics, etc loading-unloading cycle.
 3
 Poisson's ratio:  Force Constant:

When a wire is loaded, its length Behaviour of solids with respect to external

increases but its diameter decreases. forces is such that if their atoms are connected
to springs. When an external force is applied on
→ Within the elastic limit, the ratio of lateral a solid, this distance between its atoms
strain to longitudinal strain is called changes and interatomic force works to restore
poisson's ratio. the original dimension. Here K  Y  r0
L D
Longitudinal strain  , Lateral strain   [Where Y  Young's modulus, r0  Normal
L D
distance between the atoms of wire]

Lateral strain D / D

Poisson’s ratio   
Longitudinal strian L / L

 Poisson ratio is Zero for rigid body.

 Poisson range = -1 to 0.5

 Process to check nature of a material:

dV dL
 (1  2 )
V L

(i) If a material having  = – 0.5, then

dV dL
 [1  2 ]  0
V L

 Volume = constant or k =  i.e. the material is

incompressible.
Elasticity
LEVEL- I
DPP - 1 (ELASTICITY) 8. A cube of aluminium of sides 0.1 m is subjected
1. The isothermal elasticity of a gas is equal to : to a shearing force of 100 N. The top face of the
(A) Density (B) Volume cube is displaced through 0.02 cm with respect to
the bottom face. The shearing strain would be :
(C) Pressure (D) Specific heat
(A) 0.02 (B) 0.1
2. The adiabatic elasticity of a gas is equal to
(C) 0.005 (D) 0.002
(A)  × density (B)  × volume
9. A cube of sponge rubber with edge length 5 cm
(C)  × pressure (D)  × specific heat
has a force of 2 N applied horizontally to the top
3. The only elastic modulus that applies to fluids is : face (parallel to an edge) while the bottom face
(A) Young’s modulus is held fixed. If the top face is displaced
(B) Shear modulus horizontally through a distance of 1 mm, find the
(C) Modulus of rigidity shear modulus for the sponge rubber:
(D) Bulk Modulus (A) 7 × 104 N/m2 (B) 5 × 104 N/m2
4. The Young’s modulus of a wire of length L and (C) 4 × 104 N/m2 (D) 2 × 104 N/m2
radius r is = Y N/m2. If the length and radius are 10. The compressibility of water is 4 × 10–5 per unit
reduced to L/2 and r/2, then its Young’s modulus atmospheric pressure. The decrease in volume
will be : of 100 cubic centimeter of water under a pressure
(A) Y/2 (B) Y of 100 atmosphere will be :
(C) 2 Y (D) 4 Y (A) 0.4 cc (B) 4 × 10–5 cc
5. An Indian rubber cord L metre long and area of (C) 0.025 cc (D) 0.004 cc
cross-section ‘a’ metre2 is suspended vertically. 11. If a rubber ball is taken at the depth of 200 m in a
Density of rubber is D kg/metre3 and Young’s pool its volume decreases by 0.1%. If the density
modulus of rubber is E newton/ metre2. If the of the water is 1 × 103 kg/m3 and g = 10 m/s2,
wire extends by l metre under its own weight, then the volume elasticity in N/m2 will be :
then extension l is :
(A) 108 (B) 2 × 108
(A) L2 Dg/E (B) L2 Dg/2E
(C) 109 (D) 2 × 109
(C) L2Dg/4E (D) L
12. A metal block is experiencing an atmospheric
6. Two blocks of masses 1 Kg and 2 Kg are pressure of 1 × 105 N/m2, when the same block is
connected by a metal wire going over a smooth placed in a vacuum chamber, the fractional change
pulley as shown in figure. The breaking stress of in its volume is (the bulk modulus of metal is
the metal is 2 × 109 N/m2. What should be the 1.25 × 1011 N/m2)
minimum radius of the wire used if it is not to
break ? Take g = 10 m/s2. (A) 4 × 10–7
(B) 2 × 10–7
(C) 8 × 10–7
(D) 1 × 10–7
13. A solid sphere of radius r made of a material of
bulk modulus K is surrounded by a liquid in a
cylindrical container. A massless piston of area 'a'
floats on the surface of the liquid. When a mass m
(A) 4.6 × 10–4 m (B) 4.6 × 10–5 m
is placed on the piston to compress the liquid, the
(C) 3.6 × 10–5 m (D) 3.6 × 10–4 m fractional change in the radius of the sphere (dr/r)
7. A force F is needed to break a copper wire having (A) Ka/mg
radius R. The force needed to break a copper
wire of radius 2 R will be : (B) Ka/3mg
(A) F/2 (B) 2 F (C) mg/3Ka
(C) 4 F (D) F/4 (D) mg/Ka

PAG E N o. : (15 4)
 Elasticity
14. One litre of a gas is maintained at pressure 72 cm 20. If work done in stretching a wire by 1mm is 2J,
of mercury. It is compressed isothermally so that the work necessary for stretching another wire
its volume becomes 900 cm3. The values of stress of same material, but with double the radius and
and strain will be respectively : half the length by 1mm in joule is
(A) 0.106 N m–2 and 0.1 (A) 1/4 (B) 4
(B) 1.06 N m–2 and 0.1 (C) 8 (D) 16
(C) 106.62 N m–2 and 0.1 21. Two wires of the same material and length but
(D) 10662.4 N m–2 and 0.1 diameter in the ratio 1 : 2 are stretched by the
same force. The ratio of potential energy per unit
15. The mean density of sea water is , and bulk
modulus is K. The change in density of sea water volume for the two wires when stretched will be
in going from the surface of water to a depth h is (A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1
(A) gh/K (B) Kgh (C) 4 : 1 (D) 16 : 1
2
(C)  gh/k (D) K2/gh 22. The pressure required to stop the increase in
volume of a copper block when it is heated from
16. A 50 kg motor rests on four cylindrical rubber
50ºC to 70ºC will be : (Coefficient of linear
blocks. Each block has a height of 4 cm and a
expansion of copper = 8.0×10–6 °C–1 and bulk
cross-sectional area of 16 cm2. The shear modulus
modulus of elasticity = 3.6×1011Nm–2.)
of rubber is 2 × 106 N/m2. A sideways force of
500 N is applied to the motor. The distance that (A) 2.73 × 108 Nm–2 (B) 3.73 × 108 Nm–2
the motor moves sideways is (C) 4.73 × 108 Nm–2 (D) 1.73 × 108 Nm–2
(A) 0.156 cm (B) 1.56 cm 23. A steel rod with a cross section A = 1 cm2 is
(C) 0.312 cm (D) 0.204 cm tightly fitted between two stationary absolutely
rigid walls. Force F will the rod act with on the
17. A uniform steel bar of cross-sectional area A and
walls if it is heated by t = 5ºC will be :
length L is suspended so that it hangs vertically.
(The coefficient of linear thermal expansion of
The stress at the middle point of the bar is ( is
the density of steel) steel  = 1.1 × 10–5 deg–1 and its modulus of
elasticity E = 2 × 105 N/mm2)
L L g (A) 1200 N (B) 1100 N
(A) g (B)
2A 2 (C) 550 N (D) 2200 N
LA 24. When a 4 kg mass is hung vertically on a light
(C)  g (D) L g spring that obeys Hooke’s law, the spring stretches
by 2 cms. The work required to be done by an
18. A composite rod consists of a steel rod of length external agent in stretching this spring by 5 cms
25 cm and area 2A and a copper rod of length 50cm will be (g = 9.8 metres/sexc2)
and area A. The composite rod is subjected to an (A) 4.900 joule (B) 2.450 joule
axial load F. If the Young’s modulus of steel and (C) 0.495 joule (D) 0.245 joule
copper are in the ratio 2 : 1.
25. A wire of length L and cross-sectional area A is
(A) the extension in copper and steel parts will made of a material of Young’s modulus Y. It is
be in the ratio 8 : 1. stretched by an amount x. The work done is
(B) the extension in copper and steel parts will
be in the ratio 2 : 1. YxA Yx 2 A
(A) (B)
(C) the stress applied to the copper rod will be 2L L
more.
Yx 2 A 2Yx 2 A
(D) the stress applied to the steel rod will be more. (C) (D)
2L L
19. If the potential energy of a spring is V on stretching
it by 2 cm, then its potential energy when it is 26. When load of 5kg is hung on a wire then extension
stretched by 10 cm will be : of 3m takes place, then work done will be
(A) V/25 (B) 5 V (A) 75 joule (B) 60 joule
(C) V/5 (D) 25 V (C) 50 joule (D) 100 joule

PAG E N o. : (15 5)
Elasticity
27. A wire suspended vertically from one of its ends
is stretched by attaching a weight of 200 N to the
lower end. The weight stretches the wire by
1 mm Then the elastic energy stored in the wire is
(A) 0.1 J (B) 0.2 J
(C) 10 J (D) 20
28. Mark the correct statements.
(A) Elastic forces may not be conservative.
(B) Elastic forces are not conservative.
(C) Elastic forces are conservative only when
Hooke’s law is obeyed.
(D) Elastic forces may be conservative even
when Hooke’s law is not obeyed.

PAG E N o. : (15 6)
 Elasticity
LEVEL - II
(A) Mg + mg(l – x) (B) Mg
Interatomic and Intermolecular forces
1. In solids, inter-atomic forces are x
(A) Totally repulsive (C) Mg + mgl (D)  M  m  g
l
(B) Totally attractive
7. One end of a uniform rod of mass m1 and cross-
(C) Combination of (A) and (B) sectional area A is hung from a ceiling. The other
(D) None of these end of the bar is supporting mass m2. The stress
2. The potential energy U between two molecules at the midpoint is
as a function of the distance X between them has
been shown in the figure. The two molecules are

g(m 2  2m1 ) g(m2  m1 )

(A) Attracted when x lies between A and B and (A) (B)
2A 2A
are repelled when X lies between B and C
(B) Attracted when x lies between B and C and g(2m 2  m1 ) g(m2  m1 )
(C) (D)
are repelled when X lies between A and B 2A A
(C) Attracted when they reach B 8. A uniform bar of square cross-section is lying
(D) Repelled when they reach B along a frictionless horizontal surface. A horizontal
3. The nature of molecular forces resembles with force is applied to pull it from one of its ends then
the nature of the
(A) Gravitational force
(B) Nuclear force
(C) Electromagnetic force (A) The bar is under same stress throughout its
length
(D) Weak force
(B) The bar is not under any stress because force
Problems based on Stress
has been applied only at one end
4. The ratio of radius of two wire of same material
(C) The bar simply moves without any stress in it
is 2 : 1. Stretched by same force, then the ratio of
stress is (D) The stress developed reduces to zero at the
end of the bar where no force is applied.
(A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 2
Problems based on Strain
(C) 1 : 4 (D) 4 : 1
9. Which one of the following quantities does not
5. If equal and opposite forces applied to a body
have the unit of force per unit area
tend to elongate it, the stress so produced is called
(A) Stress
(A) Tensile stress (B) Compressive stress (B) Strain
(C) Tangential stress (D) Working stress (C) Young's modulus of elasticity
6. A vertical hanging bar of length l and mass m per (D) Pressure
unit length carries a load of mass M at the lower 10. The reason for the change in shape of a regular
end, its upper end is clamped to a rigid support. body is
The tensile force at a distance x from support is
(A) Volume stress (B) Shearing strain
(C) Longitudinal strain (D) Metallic strain

PAG E N o. : (15 7)
Elasticity
11. When a spiral spring is stretched by suspending a (A) YB = 2YA (B) YA = YB
load on it, the strain produced is called (C) YB = 3YA (D) YA = 3YB
(a) Shearing (b) Longitudinal 16. The graph is drawn between the applied force F
(c) Volume (d) Transverse and the strain (x) for a thin uniform wire. The
12. The longitudinal strain is only possible in wire behaves as a liquid in the part
(A) Gases (B) Fluids
(C) Solids (D) Liquids
13. The face EFGH of the cube shown in the figure
is displaced 2 mm parallel to itself when forces of
each are applied on the lower and upper faces.
The lower face is fixed. The strain produced in
the cube is

(A) ab (B) bc
(C) cd (D) oa
17. The diagram shows stress v/s strain curve for
the materials A and B. From the curves we infer
that

(A) 2 (B) 0.5

(C) 0.05 (D) 1.2  108
14. Forces of 10 5N each are applied in opposite
direction on the upper and lower faces of a cube
of side 10 cm, shifting the upper face parallel to
itself by 0.5 cm. If the side of the cube were 20
cm, the displacement would be
(A) A is brittle but B is ductile
(B) A is ductile and B is brittle
(C) Both A and B are ductile
(D) Both A and B are brittle
18. The figure shows the stress-strain graph of a
certain substance. Over which region of the graph
(A) 1 cm (B) 0.5 cm is Hooke's law obeyed
(C) 0.25 cm (D) 0.125 cm
Problems based on Stress strain curve
15. The stress versus strain graphs for wires of two
materials A and B are as shown in the figure. If
YA and YB are the Young's modulii of the materials,
then

(A) AB (B) BC
(C) CD (D) ED
19. Which one of the following is the Young's modulus
(in N/m2) for the wire having the stress-strain
curve shown in the figure

PAG E N o. : (15 8)
 Elasticity
(A) Both A and R are true and the R is a correct
explanation of the A
(B) Both A and R are true but the R is not a
correct explanation of the A
(C) A is true but the R is false
(D) Both A and R are false
(E) A is false but the R is true
(A) 24 × 1011 (B) 8.0 × 1011
24. The area of cross-section of a steel wire
(C) 10 × 1011 (D) 2.0 × 1011
Problems based on Young's Modulus (Y  2.0 1011 N / m 2 ) is 0.1 cm2 . The force
required to double its length will be
20. The adjacent graph shows the extension (l) of a
wire of length 1m suspended from the top of a (A) 2  1012 N (B) 2  1011 N
roof at one end with a load W connected to the (C) 2  1010 N (D) 2  106 N
other end. If the cross sectional area of the wire
is 10–6m2, calculate the young's modulus of the 25. A metal bar of length L and area of cross-section
material of the wire A is clamped between two rigid supports. For the
material of the rod, its Young's modulus is Y and
coefficient of linear expansion is . If the
temperature of the rod is increased by t0C, the
force exerted by the rod on the supports is
(A) Y AL t (B) Y A t
YLt
(C) (d) Y AL t
A
26. Which one of the following substances possesses
11
(A) 2  10 N / m 2
(B) 2  10 11
N/m 2 the highest elasticity
(A) Rubber (B) Glass
(C) 3 1012 N / m 2 (D) 2  10 13 N / m 2
(C) Steel (D) Copper
21. In the Young's experiment, if length of wire and 27. There are two wires of same material and same
radius both are doubled then the value of Y will length while the diameter of second wire is 2 times
become the diameter of first wire, then ratio of extension
(A) 2 times (B) 4 times produced in the wires by applying same load will
(C) Remains same (D) Half be
22. A rubber cord catapult has cross-sectional area (A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1
25mm2 and initial length of rubber cord is 10cm. (C) 1 : 2 (D) 4 : 1
It is stretched to 5cm. and then released to project 28. Consider the following statements
a missile of mass 5gm. Taking Assertion (A) : Rubber is more elastic than glass.
Yrubber  5 108 N / m 2 velocity of projected Reason (R) : The rubber has higher modulus of
missile is elasticity than glass. Of these statements.
(a) 20 ms–1 (b) 100 ms–1 (A) Both A and R are true and the R is a correct
(c) 250 ms –1
(d) 200 ms–1 explanation of the A
23. Consider the following statements. (B) Both A and R are true but the R is not a
Assertion (A) : Stress is the internal force per correct explanation of the A
unit area of a body. (C) A is true but the R is false
Reason (R) : Rubber is more elastic than steel. (D) Both A and R are false
Of these statements (E) A is false but the R is true

PAG E N o. : (15 9)
Elasticity
29. The longitudinal extension of any elastic material Vlg
is very small. In order to have an appreciable (A) Decrease by
change, the material must be in the form of Yr 2
(A) Thin block of any cross section Vrg
(B) Thick block of any cross section (B) Increase by
Yr 2
(C) Long thin wire
(D) Short thin wire Vg
(C) Decrease by
30. In suspended type moving coil galvanometer, Yr
quartz suspension is used because Vg
(A) It is good conductor of electricity (D)
Y
(B) Elastic after effects are negligible
34. If the ratio of lengths, radii and Young's modulii of
(C) Young's modulus is greater
steel and brass wires in the figure are a, b and c
(D) There is no elastic limit
respectively. Then the corresponding ratio of
31. You are given three wires A, B and C of the same increase in their lengths would be
length and cross section. They are each stretched
by applying the same force to the ends. The wire
A is stretched least and comes back to its original
length when the stretching force is removed. The
wire B is stretched more than A and also comes
back to its original length when the stretching
force is removed. The wire C is stretched most
and remains stretched even when stretching force
is removed. The greatest Young's modulus of 2a 2 c 3a
elasticity is possessed by the material of wire (A) (B)
b 2b 2 c
(A) A
2ac 3c
(B) B (C) (D)
b2 2ab 2
(C) C
35. A uniform heavy rod of weight W, cross sectional
(D) All have the same elasticity
area A and length L is hung from a fixed support.
32. The ratio of diameters of two wires of same Young's modulus of the material of the rod is Y. If
material is n : 1. The length of wires are 4 m lateral contraction is neglected, the elongation of
each. On applying the same load, the increase in the rod under its own weight is
length of thin wire will be
2WL WL
(A) n2 times (B) n times (A) (B)
AY AY
(C) 2n times (D) None of the above
WL
33. A wire of radius r, Young's modulus Y and length (C) (D) Zero
l is hung from a fixed point and supports a heavy 2AY
metal cylinder of volume V at its lower end. The 36. A constant force F0 is applied on a uniform elastic
change in length of wire when cylinder is string placed over a smooth horizontal surface as
immersed in a liquid of density  is in fact shown in figure. Young's modulus of string is Y
and area of cross-section is S. The strain produced
in the string in the direction of force is

F0 Y F0
(A) (B)
S SY
F0 F0 Y
(C) (D)
2SY 2S

PAG E N o. : (16 0)
 Elasticity
37. A uniform rod of length L has a mass per unit
length  and area of cross section A. The
elongation in the rod is l due to its own weight if it
is suspended from the ceiling of a room. The
Young's modulus of the rod is
2gL2 gL2
(A) (B)
Al 2Al
2gL gl 2
(C) (D)
Al AL
1
38. AB is an iron wire and CD is a copper wire of (A) 3 (B)
same length and same cross-section. BD is a rod 3
of length 0.8 m. A load G = 2kg-wt is suspended
from the rod. At what distance x from point B 1 3
(C) (D)
should the load be suspended for the rod to remain 2 2
in a horizontal position (YCu  11.8 1010 N / m 2 , 42. The force constant of a wire does not depend on
YFe  19.6  1010 N / m 2 ) (A) Nature of the material
(B) Radius of the wire
(C) Length of the wire
(D) None of the above
43. A metal wire of length L, area of cross-section A
and Young's modulus Y behaves as a spring. The
equivalent spring constant will be
Y YA
(A) (B)
AL L
(A) 0.1 m (B) 0.3 m
(C) 0.5 m (D) 0.7 m YL L
(C) (D)
39. A slightly conical wire of length L and end radii r1 A AY
and r2 is stretched by two forces F, F applied 44. A highly rigid cubical block A of small mass M
parallel to length in opposite directions and normal and side L is fixed rigidly onto another cubical
to end faces. If Y denotes the Young's modulus, block B of the same dimensions and modulus of
then extension produced is rigidity  such that the lower face of A completely
FL FL covers the upper face of B. The lower face of B
(A) r 2 Y (B) r Y is rigidly held on a horizontal surface. A small force
1 1 is applied perpendicular to one of the sides faces
of A. After the force is withdrawn, block A
FL FLY
(C) r r Y (D) r r execute small oscillations the time period of which
1 2 1 2 is given by
40. The force constant of wire is K and its area of
M
cross-section is A. If the force F is applied on it, (A) 2 ML (B) 2
then the increase in its length will be L
(a) KA (b) FKA
ML M
(c) (d) (C) 2 (D) 2
 L
41. The value of force constant between the applied
elastic force F and displacement will be

PAG E N o. : (16 1)
Elasticity
Problems based on Stretching a wire 52. A cable is replaced by another one of the same
45. A wire of length L and cross-sectional area A is length and material but of twice the diameter. The
made of a material of Young's modulus Y. It is maximum load that the new wire can support
stretched by an amount x. The work done is without exceeding the elastic limit, as compared
to the load that the original wire could support, is
YxA Yx 2 A (A) Half (B) Double
(A) (B)
2L L (C) Four times (D) One-fourth
53. A heavy mass is attached to a thin wire and is
Yx 2 A 2Yx 2 A
(C) (D) whirled in a vertical circle. The wire is most likely
2L L to break
46. Two wires of same diameter of the same material (A) When the mass is at the highest point
having the length l and 2l. If the force F is applied (B) When the mass is at the lowest point
on each, the ratio of the work done in the two
(C) When the wire is horizontal
wires will be
(D) At an angle of cos–1 (1/3) from the upward
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 4 vertical
(C) 2 : 1 (D) 1 : 1
54. A heavy uniform rod is hanging vertically from a
47. If the potential energy of a spring is V on stretching fixed support. It is stretched by its own weight.
it by 2 cm, then its potential energy when it is The diameter of the rod is
stretched by 10 cm will be
(A) Smallest at the top and gradually increases
(A) V/25 (B) 5V down the rod
(C) V/5 (D) 25V (B) Largest at the top and gradually decreases
48. The strain energy stored in a body of volume V down the rod
due to shear S and shear modulus  is (C) Uniform everywhere
S2 V SV2 (D) Maximum in the middle
(A) (B) Problems based on Bulk modulus
2 2
55. The isothermal bulk modulus of a gas at
S2 V 1 2 atmospheric pressure is
(C) (D) S V (A) 1 mm of Hg (B) 13.6 mm of Hg
 2
49. K is the force constant of a spring. The work done (C) 1.013  105 N / m 2 (D) 2.026 105 N / m 2
in increasing its extension from l1 to l2 will be 56. The specific heat at constant pressure and at
constant volume for an ideal gas are Cp and Cv
K
(A) K(l2  l1 ) (B) (l2  l1 ) and its adiabatic and isothermal elasticities are E
2 and E respectively. The ratio of E to E is
K 2 2 (A) C v/C p (B) Cp/Cv
(C) K(l22  l12 ) (D) (l2  l1 ) (C) C p C v (D) 1/CpCv
2
Problems based on Breaking of wire 57. If a rubber ball is taken at the depth of 200 m in a
pool. Its volume decreases by 0.1%. If the density
50. The breaking stress of a wire depends upon of the water is and g = 10 m/s2, then the volume
(A) Length of the wire elasticity in N/m2 will be
(B) Radius of the wire (A) 108 (B) 2 × 108
(C) Material of the wire (C) 10 9
(D) 2 × 109
(D) Shape of the cross section 58. The compressibility of water is 4 × 10–5 per unit
51. An aluminium rod has a breaking strain of 0.2%. atmospheric pressure. The decrease in volume
The minimum cross sectional area of the rod, in of 100 cubic centimetre of water under a pressure
m2, in order to support a load of 104 N is (Y = 7 of 100 atmosphere will be
× 109 N/m2) (A) 0.4 cc (B) 4  10 5 cc
(A) 1.4 × 10–4 (B) 7.1 × 10–4
(C) 1.4 × 10 –3
(d) 7.1 × 10–5 (C) 0.025 cc (D) 0.004 cc

PAG E N o. : (16 2)
 Elasticity
59. An ideal gas of mass m, volume V, pressure p Relation between Y, , K and 
and temperature T undergoes a small change in 65. The value of Poisson's ratio lies between
state at constant temperature. Its adiabatic
Cp 1 3 1
(A) – 1 to (b)  to 
exponent i.e., is . The bulk modulus of the 2 4 2
Cv
gas at the constant temperature process called 1
isothermal process is (C)  to 1 (D) 1 to 2
2
(A) p (B) p
66. Which of the following will be  if Y = 2.4 
mp pV (A) – 1 (B) 0.2
(C) (D)
T T (C) 0.1 (D) – 0.25
60. An ideal gas of mass m, volume V, pressure p 67. Which is correct relation
and temperature T undergoes a small change (A) Y <  (B) Y > 
under a condition that heat can neither enter into
(C) Y =  (D)  = +1
it from outside nor can it leave the system. Such
a process is called adiabatic process. The bulk 68. The relationship between Young's modulus Y, bulk
modulus K and modulus of rigidity  is
 Cp 
modulus of the gas    C  is 9K 9yK
 v 
(A) Y  (B)  
(A) p (B) p   3K Y  3K

mp pV 9K 3K

(C) (D) (C) Y  (D) Y 
T T 3  K 9  K
61. An ideal gas whose adiabatic exponent is  is 69. The Poisson's ratio cannot have the value
expanded according to the law p = V where  (A) 0.7 (B) 0.2
is a constant. For this process the bulk modulus
(C) 0.1 (D) 0.5
of the gas is
70. Which of the following relations is true
p
(A) p (B) 9Y
 (A) 3Y = K(1 – ) (B) K 
Y
(C) p (D) (l – )p
62. 1 c.c. of water is taken from the top to the bottom 0.5Y  
(C)  = (6K + ) Y (d)  
of a 200 m deep lake. What will be the change in 
its volume if K of water is 2.2 × 109 N/m2
71. The wrong relation for modulus of rigidity () is
(A) 8.8 × 10–6 c.c. (B) 8.8 × 10–2 c.c.
(C) 8.8 × 10–4 c.c. (D) 8.8 × 10–1 c.c Shearing stress
(A)   Shearing strain
Problems based on Modulus of rigidity
63. Modulus of rigidity of a liquid (B) Unit of  is N/m2
(A) Non zero constant (B) Infinite Y
(C) Zero (D) Cannot be predicted (C)   2(1  )
64. The Young's modulus of the material of a wire is
6 1012 N / m 2 and there is no transverse strain Y
(D)   2(1  )
in it, then its modulus of rigidity will be
(A) 3 1012 N / m 2 (B) 2  1012 N / m 2

(C) 1012 N / m 2 (D) None of the above

PAG E N o. : (16 3)
Elasticity
Problems based on Torsion Miscellaneous problems
72. A rod of 2m length and radius 1 cm is twisted at 79. A particle of mass m is under the influence of a
one end by 0.8 rad with respect to other end being force F which varies with the displacement x
clamped. The shear strain developed in its rod
according to the relation F   kx  F0 in which k
will be
and F0 are constants. The particle when disturbed
(A) 0.002 (B) 0.004
will oscillate
(C) 0.008 (D) 0.016
73. The upper end of a wire 1 metre long and 2 mm (A) About x = 0, with   k / m
in radius is clamped. The lower end is twisted
through an angle of 450. The angle of shear is (B) About x = 0, with   k / m
(A) 0.090 (B) 0.90
0 (C) About x = F0/k with   k / m
(C) 9 (D) 900
74. The end of a wire of length 0.5m and radius (d) About x = F0/k with   k / m
10–3m is twisted through 0.80 radian. The shearing
strain at the surface of wire will be 80. The extension in a string obeying Hooke's law is
(A) 1.6 × 10–3 (B) 1.6 × 103 x. The speed of sound in the stretched string is v.
(C) 16 × 10 3
(D) 16 × 106 If the extension in the string is increased to 1.5x,
the speed of sound will be
75. Two cylinders A and B of the same material have
same length, their radii being in the ratio of 1 : 2 (A) 1.22 v (B) 0.61 v
respectively. The two are joined in series. The (C) 1.50 v (D) 0.75 v
upper end of A is rigidly fixed. The lower end of 81. Railway lines and girders for buildings, are I
B is twisted through an angle , the angle of twist shaped, because
of the cylinder A is (A) The bending of a girder is inversely
15 16 proportional to depth, hence high girder bends
(A)  (B) 
16 15 less
(B) The coefficient of rigidity increases by this
16 17
(C)  (D)  shape
17 16
(C) Less volume strain is caused
Problems based on Interatomic force constant
(D) This keeps the surface smooth
76. If the interatomic spacing in a steel wire is 3.0Å
82. If Young's modulus for a material is zero, then the
and Ysteel  20  1010 N / m 2 , then force constant state of material should be
is (A) Solid (B) Solid but powder
(A) 6 102 N / Å (B) 6 109 N / Å (C) Gas (D) None of the above
(C) 4  10 5 N / Å (D) 6 105 N / Å 83. The elasticity of invar
77. The Young's modulus of a metal is (A) Increases with temperature rise
(B) Decreases with temperature rise
1.2 1011 N / m 2 and the inter-atomic force
(C) Does not depend on temperature
constant is 3.6  109 N / Å . The mean distance (D) None of the above
between the atoms of the metal is 84. For the same cross-sectional area and for a given
(A) 2Å (B) 3 Å load, the ratio of depressions for the beam of
(C) 4.5 Å (D) 5 Å square cross-section and circular cross-section
78. The interatomic distance for a metal is 3  10 10 m . is
If the interatomic force constant is (A)  : 3 (B)  : 1
3.6 109 N / Å , then the Young's modulus in will (C) 3 :  (D) 1 : 
be 85. A uniform rod of mass m, length L, area of cross-
(A) 1.2 × 1011 (B) 4.2 × 1011 section A is rotated about an axis passing through
(C) 10.8 × 10–19 (D) 2.4 × 1010 one of its ends and perpendicular to its length with
constant angular velocity  in a horizontal plane.

PAG E N o. : (16 4)
 Elasticity
If Y is the Young's modulus of the material of rod,
the increase in its length due to rotation of rod is
m2 L2 m2 L2
(A) (B)
AY 2AY

m2 L2 2m2 L2
(C) (D)
3AY AY
86. A steel wire is suspended vertically from a rigid
support. When loaded with a weight in air, it extends
by la and when the weight is immersed completely
in water, the extension is reduced to lw. Then the
relative density of the material of the weight is
la la
(A) l (B) l  l
w a w

la  l w lw
(C) la (D) l
a

87. The twisting couple per unit twist for a solid

cylinder of radius 4.9 cm is 0.1 N-m. The twisting
couple per unit twist for a hollow cylinder of same
material with outer and inner radii of 5 cm and 4
cm respectively, will be
(A) 0.64 N-m (B) 0.64 × 10–1 N-m
(C) 0.64 × 10 N-m (D) 0.64 × 10–3 N-m
–2

PAG E N o. : (16 5)
Elasticity
LEVEL - III
5. A boy’s catapult is made of rubber cord which is
42 cm long, with 6 mm diameter of cross-section
Topic 1 : and of negligible mass. The boy keeps a stone
weighing 0.02 kg on it and stretches the cord by
Elasticity 20 cm by applying a constant force. When
released the stone flies off with a velocity of 20
ms–1. Neglect the change in the area of cross-
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS - I
section of the cord while stretched. The Young’s
ONLY ONE CORRECT OPTION modulus of rubber is closest to
1. In an experiment, brass and steel wires of length (Main 2019, 8 April I)
1 m each with areas of cross-section 1 mm2 are 6 –2
(A) 10 N/m (B) 104 N/m–2
used. The wires are connected in series and one
end of the combined wire is connected to a rigid (C) 108 N/m–2 (D) 103 N/m–2
support and other end is subjected to elongation. 6. A load of mass M kg is suspended from a steel
The stress requires to produce a net elongation wire of length 2 m and radius 1.0 mm in Searle’s
of 0.2 mm is [Take, the Young’s modulus for steel apparatus experiment. The increase in length
and brass are respectively 120 × 109 N/m2 and produced in the wire is 4.0 mm. Now, the load is
60 × 109 N/m2] fully immersed in a liquid of relative density 2.
(2019 Main, 10 April II) The relative density of the material of load is 8.
6 2 The new value of increase in length of the steel
(A) 1.2 × 10 N/m (B) 0.2 × 106 N/m2
wire is
(C) 1.8 × 106 N/m2 (D) 4.0 × 106 N/m2
(2019 Main, 12 Jan II)
2. The elastic limit of brass is 379 MPa. What should
(A) zero (B) 5.0 mm
be the minimum diameter of a brass rod, if it is to
support a 400 N load without exceeding its elastic (C) 4.0 mm (D) 3.0 mm
limit? 7. A rod of length L at room temperature and
(2019 Main, 10 April II) uniform area of cross-section A, is made of a
metal having coefficient of linear expansion  /
(A) 0.90 mm (B) 1.00 mm
°C. It is observed that an external compressive
(C) 1.16 mm (D) 1.36 mm force F, is applied on each of its ends, prevents
3. Young’s moduli of two wires A and B are in the any change in the length of the rod, when its
ratio 7 : 4. Wire A is 2 m long and has radius R. temperature rises by T K. Young’s modulus, Y
Wire B is 1.5 m long and has radius 2 mm. If the for this metal is
two wires stretch by the same length for a given (2019 Main, 9 Jan I)
load, then the value of R is close to
F F
(2019 Main, 8 April II) (A) (B) A  T  273
2AT
(A) 1.3 mm (B) 1.5 mm
2F F
(C) 1.9 mm (D) 1.7 mm (C) (D)
AT AT
4. A steel wire having a radius of 2.0 mm, carrying 8. A solid sphere of radius r made of a soft material
a load of 4 kg, is hanging froma ceiling. Given of bulk modulus K is surrounded by a liquid in a
that g = 3.1  ms–2, what will be the tensile stress cylindrical container. A massless piston of area a
that would be developed in the wire? floats on the surface of the liquid, covering entire
(2019 Main, 8 April I) cross-section of cylindrical container. When a
mass m is placed on the surface of the piston to
(A) 6.2 × 106 N/m–2 (B) 5.2 × 106 N/m–2 compress the liquid, the fractional decrement in
(C) 3.1 × 106 N/m–2 (D) 4.8 × 106 N/m–2

PAG E N o. : (16 6)
 Elasticity
the other end. If the cross-sectional area of the
 dr 
the radius of the sphere,   is wire is 10 –6 m2, calculate from the graph the
 r  Young’s modulus of the material of the wire.
(2018 Main) (2003, 2M)

mg Ka
(A) (B) mg
Ka

Ka mg
(C) 3mg (D)
3Ka
9. A pendulum made of a uniform wire of cross-
sectional area A has time period T. When an
additional mass M is added to its bob, the time
period changes to TM. If the Young’s modulus of
(A) 2 × 1011 N/m2 (B) 2 × 10–11 N/m2
1
the material of the wire is Y, then is equal to (C) 3 × 1012 N/m2 (D) 2 × 1013 N/m2
Y
(g = gravitational acceleration) 13. A given quantity of an ideal gas is at pressure p
and absolute temperature T. The isothermal bulk
(2015 Main) modulus of the gas is
  T 2  A  TM  2  Mg (1998, 2M)
(A) 1   T   Mg (B)  T   1 A
  M      2
(A) p (B) p
3
  TM  2  A  TM  2  A
3
(C) 1   T   Mg (D)  T   1 Mg (C) p (D) 2p
       2
10. One end of a horizontal thick copper wire of length 14. Two rods of different materials having coefficients
2L and radius 2R iswelded to an end of another of thermal expansion 1, 2 and Young’s moduli
horizontal thin copper wire of length L and radius Y1, Y2 respectively are fixed between two rigid
R. When the arrangement is stretched by applying massive walls. The rods are heated such that they
forces at two ends, the ratio of the elongation in undergo the same increase in temperature. There
the thin wire to that in the thick wire is is no bending of the rods. If 1 : 2 = 2 : 3, the
thermal stresses developed in the two rods are
(2013 Adv.)
equal provided Y1 : Y2 is equal to
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.50
(1989, 2M)
(C) 2.00 (D) 4.00
(A) 2 : 3 (B) 1 : 1
11. The pressure of a medium is changed from 1.01
(C) 3 : 2 (D) 4 : 9
× 105 Pa to 1.165 × 105 Pa and change in volume
is 10% keeping temperature constant. The bulk 15. The following four wires are made of the same
modulus of the medium is material. Which of these will have the largest
extension when the same tension is applied ?
(2005, 2M)
(1981, 2M)
(A) 204.8 × 105 Pa (B) 102.4 × 105 Pa
(A) Length = 50 cm, diameter = 0.5mm
(C) 51.2 × 105 Pa (D) 1.55 × 105 Pa
(B) Length = 100 cm, diameter = 1mm
12. The adjacent graph shows the extension (l) of
a wire of length 1 m suspended from the top of a (C) Length = 200 cm, diameter = 2mm
roof at one end and with a load w connected to (D) Length = 300 cm, diameter = 3mm

PAG E N o. : (16 7)
Elasticity
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS - II 19. A wire of length L and cross-sectional area A is
made of a material of Young’s modulus Y. If the
ONE OR MORE CORRECT OPTION
wire is stretched by an amount x, the work done
16. In plotting stress versus strain curves for two is …….
materials P and Q, a student by mistake puts strain
(1987, 2M)
on the Y-axis and stress on the X-axis as shown
in the figure. Then the correct statements is/are ANALYTICAL & DESCRIPTIVE
QUESTIONS
(2015 Adv.) 20. In Searle’s experiment, which is used to find
Young’s modulus of elasticity, the diameter of
experimental wire is D = 0.05 cm (measured by
a scale of least count 0.001 cm) and length is L =
110cm (measured by a scale of least count 0.1
cm). A weight of 50 N causes an extension of l =
0.125 cm (measured by a micrometer of least
count 0.001 cm). Find maximum possible error in
the values of Young’s modulus. Screw gauge and
meter scale are free from error.
(2004, 2M)
(A) P has more tensile strength than Q
21. A thin rod of negligible mass and area of cross-
(B) P is more ductile than Q section 4 × 10–6 m2, suspended vertically from
(C) P is more brittle than Q one end, has a length of 0.5 m at 100°C. The rod
is cooled to 0°C, but prevented from contracting
(D) The Young’s modulus of P is more than that
by attaching a mass at the lower end. Find
of Q
(A) this mass and
FILL IN THE BLANKS
(B) the energy stored in the rod, given for the
17. A uniform rod of length L and density  is being
rod. Young’s modulus = 1011 N/m2, coefficient of
pulled along a smooth floor with a horizontal
linear expansion = 10–5K–1 and g = 10 m/s2.
acceleration a (see figure). The magnitude of the
stress at the transverse cross-section through the (1997 C, 5M)
mid-point of the rod is ……… .
(1993, 1M)

18. A solid sphere of radius R made of a material of

bulk modulus k is surrounded by a liquid in a
cylindrical container. A massless piston of area A
floats on the surface of the liquid. When a mass
M is placed on the piston to compress the liquid
the fractional change in the radius of the sphere,
R/R, is …….
(1988, 2M)

PAG E N o. : (16 8)
 Elasticity
ANSWER KEY
LEVEL -I
DPP - 1
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. A
11. D 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. A,C 19. D 20. D
21. D 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. A,C

LEVEL -II
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B
11. A 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.B 18. D 19.D 20.A
21.C 22.C 23.C 24. D 25.B 26.C 27. D 28. D 29.C 30.B
31.A 32.A 33.A 34. B 35.C 36.C 37.B 38.B 39.C 40.C
41.B 42.D 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.A 47.D 48.D 49.D 50.C
51.B 52.C 53.B 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.D 58.A 59.A 60.B
61.A 62.C 63.C 64.A 65.A 66.B 67.B 68.A 69.A 70.D
71.C 72.B 73.A 74.A 75.C 76.B 77.B 78.A 79.C 80.A
81.A 82.B 83.C 84.C 85.C 86.B 87.B

LEVEL -III
(JEE MAIN)
TOPIC 1

1. (*) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (D) 7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (D) 10. (C)

L Mg 1  YA  2
11. (D) 12. (A) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (A) 16. (A,B) 17. 18. 19.  x
2 3AK 2 L 

20. 1.09 × 1010 N/m2 21. (A) 40 kg (B) 0.1 J

PAG E N o. : (16 9)
 1
Solution: (a)
CHAPTER-7
Energy stored per unit volume
PART-1
2
PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 1 1  stress  S
  stress  strain   stress    
2 2  Y  2Y
1. When a wire suspended from ceiling is
pulled by weight of 200 N, its length 4. A wire elongates by l mm when a load
increases by 1 mm. Here, amount of elastic W is hanged from it. If the wire goes
potential energy stored in this wire: over a pulley and two weights W each
(a) 0.2 J (b) 10 J are hung at the two ends, the elongation
of the wire will be (in mm)
(c) 20 J (d) 0.1 J
[2003] (a) l (b) 2 l (c) zero (d) l /2
Solution: (d)
[2006]
Given: F  200 N , l  1 mm  1  103 m
Solution: (a)
1 1 Total increase in the length of wire in final
 U  W  F l   200  1  103  0.1 J
2 2
condition

2. A wire fixed at the upper end stretches

by length l by applying a force F. The work
done in stretching is

(a) 2Fl (b) Fl

(c) 2F/l (d) Fl/2

[2004]
WL WL
Solution: (d)  CASE-I: Y   l
Al AY
Work done by constant force in displacing
the object by a distance l :  W  U  Fl /2  Case-II: Increase length at one end in
W  L / 2 l
the final condition l '  
3. If ‘S’ is stress and ‘Y’ is young’s modulus of AY 2
material of a wire, the energy stored in the Similarly increase length at Second end
wire per unit volume is
W ( L/2) l  WL 
in final condition l " 
AY

2  l  AY 
(a) S 2 / 2Y (b) 2 S 2 Y
 Total increase in the length of wire in
(c) S / 2Y (d) 2Y / S
final condition  l ' l "  l / 2  l / 2  l
[2005]
 2
5. Two wires are made of the same Stress(  Pressure)
Young Modulus, Y 
material and have the same volume. Strain ( l / L)
However, wire 1 has cross-sectional area A
 l 
and wire 2 has cross-sectional area 3A. If the  Pressure    Y  Y  T
 L
l / L   T 
length of wire 1 increases by x on applying
 P  (2  1011 )  (1.1  105 )  100  2.2  108 Pa
force F, how much force is needed to
stretch wire 2 by the same amount?
7. A bottle has an opening of radius a and
(a) 4F (b) 6F (c) 9F (d) F length b . A cork of length b & radius (a  a)
[2009] where ( a  a) is compressed to fit into the

Solution: (c) opening completely (see figure). If the bulk

modulus of cork is B and frictional coefficient
Given: V , l(  x ),Y (same material)  Same
between the bottle and cork is  then the force
FL FV  V needed to push the cork into the bottle is
Y   F  A2  L  A 
Al A2l

2
F   A   3 A 
   9  F   9F
F  A   A 
Now,

6. The pressure that has to be applied to

the end of steel wire of length 10 cm to
keep its length constant when its
(a)   B b  a (b)  2  B b  a
temperature is raised by 100°C is (For steel
young’s modulus is 2  1011 N /m2 and coefficient (c)   B b  a (d)  4  B b  a
of thermal expansion is 1.1  105 K 1 ).
[2016]
(a) 2.2  106 Pa (b) 2.2  108 Pa
Solution: (d)

(c) 2.2  109 Pa (d) 2.2  107 Pa


V  V f  Vi  [ (a  a)2 b   a2b ] 
[2014]
  b[ a2  2aa] (a  a)
Solution: (b)
 V   b  2 a a    2 a a   b
Given: L  10cm  0.1m, T  100C , Y  2  10 Pa 11

V  2a a  b 2 a
  1.1  105 K 1 , P  ? Volumetric Strain   
V  a2b a
l
We know,   T (l  L  T )
L
 3
Pressure FL FL FL
We know, Bulk modulus   L   L  
Volumetric Strain  r1r2Y  R 3R Y 3  R2 Y

V  a 
 Pressure   B    2 B
V  a 

Normal Force  a 
 = Pressure   2  B
Area  a 

 a 
 Normal force   2  B  (2 a)b  (4ab)B
 a 

Now frictional force   N  (4ab)B  Mg 

 Extended length  L  l  L 1 
 3YR 2 

8. A uniformly tapering conical wire is made

9. A man grows into a giant such that his
from a material of Young’s modulus Y and has
linear dimension increases by a factor of
a normal, unextended length L . The radii, at the
9. Assuming that his density remains
upper and lower ends of this conical wire, have
same, the stress in the leg will change by a
values R and 3R , respectively. The upper end of
factor of
the wire is fixed to a rigid support and a mass
(a) 9 (b) 1/9
M is suspended from its lower end. The
equilibrium extended length, of this wire, (c) 81 (d) 1/81
would equal [2017]

 2 Mg   1 Mg  Solution: (a)
(a) L  1  (b) L  1 
 9 YR 2   9 YR 2 
Given : Let L1  L,  L2  9L,   same ,  stress 2  ?
 1 Mg   2 Mg 
(c) L  1  (d) L  1 
 3 YR 2   3 YR 2  Mg V   g
 Stress     gL  Stress  L
A A
[2016]
Stress2 L2 9L
Solution: (c)    9
Stress1 L1 L
Extension of non-uniform rod:
10. An external pressure P is applied on a
cube at 0°C, so that it is equally compressed
FL
L  from all sides. K is the bulk modulus of the
 r1rY
2
material of the cube and  is its coefficient of
linear expansion. Suppose we want to bring
 4
the cube to its original size by heating.  F  960  10  0.9  10  1  10 N
2 5 5

The temperature should be raised by:

12. A compressive force F is applied at the two
P P 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3PK  ends of a long thin steel rod. It is heated, such
3 K K PK
that its temperature increases by T . Let l be
[2017]
the length of rod, A its area of cross-section, Y
Solution: (a) its Young’s modulus and  its coefficient of

P linear expansion. Then, F is equal to

Bulk modulus, K   V / V  P / K
 – V / V  (a) l 2Y   T (b)
AY
 T
 P / K   T  V / V 0
  T 
(c) AY  T (d) lAY  T
P P
 T     3  [2017]
 K 3 K
Solution: (c)
11. A steel rail of length 5 metre and area of
Fl
40cm2 is prevented from expanding along its We know Y 
Al
length while the temperature rises by 10°C.
 F  YA  l / l   YA( T ) l / l   T 
If coefficient of linear expansion and young
modulus of steel: 1.2  105 K 1 and 2  1011 N /m2 , 13. As shown in the figure, forces of 105 N
the force developed in the rail is each are applied in opposite direction,
on the upper and lower faces of cube of
(a) 2  109 N (b) 3  10–5 N
side 10 cm, shifting the upper face parallel to
(c) 2  10 N
7
(d) 1  10 N5
itself by 0.5 cm. If the side of another cube of

[2017] the same material is 20 cm, then under

similar conditions as above the
Solution: (d)
displacement will be
4
Given: L  5m, A  40  10 m , T  10C  10K
2

(Difference in temperature same in °C or K)

  1.2  105 K 1 , Y  2  1011 m2 , F  ?

 l   l  (a) 0.25 cm (b) 0.37 cm

 F  YA   YA( T )  l   T 
 L 
(c) 1.00 cm (d) 0.75 cm
 F  (2  1011 )  (40  104 )  (1.2  105 )  10
[2018]
Solution: (a)
 5
FL
For same material: Y   Same
Al

L 1
 l   ( A  side2  L2 )
A L

l1 L2 0.5 20
     l2  0.25 cm
l2 L1 l2 10

Q.14. A solid sphere of radius r made of a

soft material of bulk modulus K is surrounded
by a liquid in a cylindrical container. A
massless piston of area a floats on the surface
of the liquid, covering entire cross section of
cylindrical container. When a mass m is placed
on the surface of the piston to compress the
liquid, the fractional decrement in the
radius of the sphere,  dr / r  , is

Ka Ka
(a) (b)
mg 3mg

mg mg
(c) (d)
3Ka Ka

[2018]

Solution: (c)

Stress F (  mg)
Bulk modulus  
V /V A V / V 

V mg  4 3 V r 

V

AK  V  3  r ,  V  3 r 
 

r mg r mg
 3   
r AK r 3 AK
 1
CHAPTER-7 1.25  10 N / m . W1 and W2 have cross-area
9 2

of 8  10–7 m2 , respectively. Masses of 20 kg

PART-1
and 10 kg hang from them as shown in the
PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
figure. The maximum mass that can be
Stress placed in the pan without breaking the wires

1. The elastic limit of brass is 379 MPa. is ..............kg. (Use g = 10 m / s 2 )

What should be the minimum diameter of

a brass rod if it is to support a 400 N load
without exceeding its elastic limit?

(a) 1.16 mm (b) 0.90 mm

(c) 1.36 mm (d) 1.00 mm

(10 April, 2019 (Shift-II))

Ans: (a) (27 Aug, 2021 (Shift-II))

Ans: (40)
Breaking Stress

1. The area of cross section of the rope used Tensile Stress

to lift a load by a crane is 2.5  10–4 m2 . The
1. A steel wire having a radius of 2.0 mm,
maximum lifting capacity of the crane is
carrying a load of 4 kg, is hanging from a
10 metric tons. To increase the lifting
ceiling. Given that g=3.1  ms –2 , what will be
capacity of the crane to 25 metric tons, the
the tensile stress that would be developed
required area of cross section of the rope
in the wire?
should be:
(a) 4.8  106 Nm–2 (b) 5.2  106 Nm–2
(a) 6.25  10–4 m2 (b) 10  10–4 m2
(c) 6.2  106 Nm–2 (d) 3.1  106 Nm–2
(c) 1  10–4 m2 (d) 1.67  10–4 m2

(26 July, 2022(Shift-II)) (8 April, 2019 (Shift-II))

Ans: (a) Ans: (d)

Integer Numerical:
Integer Numerical:

1. Wires W1 and W2 are made of same 1. A metal block of mass m is suspended

from a rigid support through a metal wire
material having the breaking stress of
 2
of diameter 14 mm. The tensile stress 10 –2
is 10 Nm is subjected to a load of 250 N,
developed in the wire under equilibrium then the elongation in the wire will be:
state is 7  105 Nm–2 . The value of mass m is
(a) 6.25  10–3 m (b) 4  10–4 m
................ kg. (Take, g = 9.8 ms –2 ,   22/7 )
(c) 6.25  10–6 m (d) 4  10–3 m
(6 April, 2023 (Shift-II))
(24 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II))
Ans: (11)
Ans: (d)

Modulus of Elasticity 2. The Young's modulus of a steel wire of

length 6 m and cross-sectional area 3 mm2 , is
1. Given below are two statements: one is
2  1111 N / m2 . The wire is suspended from its
labelled as Assertion A and the other is
support on a given planet. A block of mass 4
labelled as Reason R.
kg is attached to the free end of the wire. The
Assertion A: Steel is used in the construction
acceleration due to gravity on the
of buildings and bridges.
planet is 1/4 of its value on the earth. The
Reason R: Steel is more elastic and its elastic elongation of wire is (Take g on the earth =
limit is high. In the light of above statements, 10 m / s 2 )
choose the most appropriate answer from the
(a) 1 cm (b) 1 mm
options given below
(c) 0.1 mm (d) 0.1 cm
(a) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
correct explanation of A (1 Feb, 2023 (Shift-II))

(b) A is not correct but R is correct Ans: (c)

(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the 3. A wire of length 'L' and radius 'r' is
correct explanation of A clamped rigidly at one end. When the
other end of the wire is pulled by a force
(d) A is correct but R is not correct
f, its length increases by 'l'. Another wire
(24 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II)) of same material of length '2L' and
Ans: (c) radius '2r' is pulled by a force '2f' Then
the increase in its length will be:

Young Modulus (a) 2l (b) l

1. A 100 m long wire having cross-sectional (c) 4l (d) l / 2

–4
area 6.25  1010 m2 and Young's modulus (15 April, 2023 (Shift-II))
 3
Ans: (b) in the wire 'B' will be (wires having uniform
circular cross sections)
4. Under the same load, wire A having
(a) 6.06  10–2 mm (b) 2.77  10–2 mm
length 5.0 m and cross section 2.5  10 m –5 2

stretches uniformly by the same amount (c) 3.0  10–2 mm (d) 6.9  10–2 mm
as another wire B of length 6.0 m and a
(30 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II))
cross section of 3.0  10 m stretches. The
–5 2

Ans: (d)
ratio of the Young's modulus of wire A to
that of wire B will be:
7. The force required to stretch a wire of
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 1 cross-section 1 cm2 to double its length
(c) 1 : 10 (d) 1 : 2 will be: (Given: Young's modulus 21011 N /m2 )

(31 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II))

(a) 1  107 N (b) 1.5  107 N
Ans: (b)
(c) 2  107 N (d) 2.5  107 N
5. Young's moduli of the material of wires
(28 July, 2022 (Shift-II))
A and B are in the ratio of 1 : 4, while its
Ans: (a)
area of cross sections are in the ratio of 1 :
3. If the same amount of load is applied 8. If the length of a wire is made double
to both the wires, the amount of and radius is halved of its respective values.
elongation produced in the wires A and Then the Young's modulus of the
B will be in the ratio of [Assume length of material of wire will:
wires A and B are same]
(a) remain same
(a) 36 : 1 (b) 12 : 1
(b) become 8 times its initial value
(c) 1 : 36 (d) 1 : 12
(c) become 1 / 4  th of its initial value
(10 April, 2023 (Shift-II))
(d) become 4 times its initial value
Ans: (b)
(29 July, 2022 (Shift-II))
6. A force is applied to a steel wire 'A',
Ans: (a)
rigidly clamped at one end. As a result,
elongation in the wire is 0.2 mm. If same 9. A uniform heavy rod of weight 10 kg,
force is applied to another steel wire 'B' of
cross-sectional area 100 cm2 and length
double the length and a diameter 2.4
20 cm is hanging from a fixed support.
times that of the wire 'A', the elongation
Young modulus of the material of the rod
 4
is 2  10 Nm . Neglecting lateral contraction,
11 –2
(a) 0.2  10 N / m
6 2
(b) 4.0  10 N / m2
6

find the elongation of rod due to its own

(c) 1.8  106 N / m2 (d) 1.2  106 N / m2
weight:
(10 April, 2019 (Shift-II))
(a) 2  10–9 m (b) 5  10–10 m
Ans: (*)
(c) 4  10 m
–8
(d) 5  10 m
–8

(31 Aug, 2021 (Shift-I)) 12. Young's moduli of two wires A and
B in the ratio 7 : 4. Wire A is 2 m long and
Ans: (b)
has radius R. Wire B is 1.5 m long and has
10. Four identical hollow cylindrical radius 2 mm. If the two wires stretch by
columns of mild steel support a big the same length for a given load, then the
structure of mass 50  103 kg , The inner value of R is close to

and outer radii of each column are 50 cm (a) 1.9 mm (b) 1.7 mm
and 100 cm respectively. Assuming uniform
(c) 1.5 mm (d) 1.3 mm
local distribution, calculate the compression
(8 April, 2019 (Shift-II))
strain of each column. [Use Y = 2.0 1011
Ans: (b)
Pa, g  9.8 m / s 2 ]

(a) 3.60  10–8 (b) 2.60  10–7 Integer Numerical:

(c) 1.87  10–3 (d) 7.07  10–4 1. As shown in the figure, in an experiment to
determine Young's modulus of a wire, the
(31 Aug, 2021 (Shift-II))
extension-load curve is plotted. The curve
Ans: (b)
is a straight line passing through the origin and

11. In an experiment, brass and steel makes an angle of 45° with the load axis. The

wires of length 1 m each with areas of length of the wire is 62.8 cm and its
diameter is 4 mm. The Young's modulus is
cross section 1 mm2 are used. The wires are
connected in series and one end of the found to be x  104 Nm–2 . The value of x is .....

combined wire is connected to a rigid

support and other end is subjected to
elongation. The stress required to
produce a net elongation of 0.2 mm is:

[Given: Young's Modulus for steel and brass

(25 Jan, 2023 (Shift-I))
are 120  10 N / m and 60  10 Nm ]
9 2 9 2

Ans: (5)