SYSTEMS

IOM W550.0 January, 2002

THE GUIDE FOR INSTALLING, STARTING - UP, OPERATING and MAINTAINING WITT CONDENSING UNITS AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Safety Information and Guidelines..........................................................2 Receiving and Handling .......................................................................2 Locating and Mounting Condensing Units ........................................3 Locating and Mounting Evaporators...................................................4 - 5 Piping ........................................................................................................6 - 7 Leak Testing ..........................................................................................7 Suction Line Design .............................................................................8 Equivalent Feet of Tube ....................................................................... 9 Weight of Refrigerant in Copper Tube.................................................9 Recommended Line Sizes .................................................................. 10 - 13 Field Wiring............................................................................................... 14 Field Wiring Diagrams .........................................................................14 - 16 Evacuation ............................................................................................17 Charging and Start-Up .........................................................................18 Charging Flooded Condenser Systems .........................................19 Pressure Control Settings ...................................................................20 Indoor Condensing Unit Ventilation ...................................................20 Defrosting Evaporators ...........................................................................21 - 22 Product Loading and Air Circulation .....................................................22 Operating Pressures and Temperatures ............................................23 System Start-Up Check List ...................................................................24 System Service Check List .................................................................25 Trouble-Shooting Systems .....................................................................26 - 27 System Maintenance ...............................................................................28 Ordering Replacement Parts .............................................................. 28

201 Thomas French Dr. Scottsboro, AL. 35769 Phone 256-259-7400 Fax: 256-259-7478

SAFETY INFORMATION
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS ALL THE WAY THROUGH BEFORE STARTING WORK!
Make sure all power sources are disconnected before doing any service work. LOCK disconnects in the OFF position to prevent accidental turning on and injury. Commercial refrigeration equipment should be installed, started-up, maintained, and serviced by trained and certified personnel having experience with this type of equipment. All field wiring must conform to the requirements of the equipment, applicable local codes and the National Electrical Code. Always use correct size copper conductors. Sheet metal and coil surface have sharp edges that are a potential injury hazard. Handle carefully, using gloves and other protective safety wear to prevent injury. COMPLY WITH SAFETY AND CAUTION LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT

THINK SAFETY !

WORK SAFELY !

RECEIVING YOUR EQUIPMENT

INSPECTION
Check all items against the bill of lading to make sure all crates and cartons have been received. If there are any shortages or damage, report it immediately to the carrier and file a freight claim. Damaged equipment is the delivering carrier's responsibility. Take care not to damage equipment when uncrating. Check for concealed damage. Do not return damaged equipment to the factory without prior approval. A Return Material Authorization (RMA) must be obtained in advance.

Items returned without an RMA label will be refused .

Check the unit specplate. Verify that the specplate voltage agrees with the available power supply. Large condensing units, remote condensers, and evaporators should be left on their shipping skid until at their final location. Do not use the shipping skid as a permanent base.

RIGGING and HANDLING

Good rigging and handling practice must be used to protect units from damage. Having proper handling equipment at the jobsite is most important and should be planned in advance. Always use spreader bars when lifting with cable, chain, or slings. Do not hoist a crate from it's upper members. If rigging is required, support the crate from the skid. All crates are blocked up for forklift handling. Do not forklift against sheetmetal panels or coils. Always lift against a structural part of the skid or unit at the center of gravity. Secure units to a forklift to prevent slipping off. Large condensing units have compressors mounted near one end that offsets the center of gravity. Find the center of gravity near the compressor end to prevent tipping when lifting. Smaller, lighter units may be carefully manhandled for short distances. Observe the units for additional lifting and rigging decals.

LOCATING AND MOUNTING CONDENSING UNITS

Condensing units must be located where there is an unrestricted supply of clean, fresh air. Areas with corrosive vapors or materials should be avoided, as should areas with polluted air. Do not locate units where air discharge from one will enter into the air intake of others. Avoid locating units in restricted spaces where heat will build up and can enter the condenser. Condensing units with horizontal air flow should be positioned so that the direction of air flow through the condenser is the same as the prevailing wind. Make sure there is room around the unit for regular inspection and service. Mount all condensing units level. Roof mounted condensing units must have adequate support for their operating weight plus a safety factor. They should be mounted above supporting walls, over hallways, storage areas, or auxillary areas that are not sensitive to noise or vibration. Mount them where sound levels are not an important factor. Pad mounted condensing units should be mounted on smooth and level pads a minimum of 4 inches above ground level. They should be mounted away from windows, doors, and other areas sensitive to noise. The area surrounding a pad mounted unit preferably will be concrete, asphalt, or other smooth, hard, clean level surface. This will keep the condenser coil clean from grass, dirt, and weed clippings. A security fence also helps to keep leaves and other debris out of the coil. Protecting the condensing unit also protects the product stored in the cooler or freezer! Condensing units, piping and disconnects should not be accessible to unauthorized persons. To protect the equipment from tampering and vandalism and protect people from accidental injury, a security fence with locked access is highly recommended. Condensing units accessible to the general public often receive damage to the coil, piping, fans, or other components. Protect your equipment, your products in storage, and protect yourself from liability. Prevent accidents and loss. Condensing units must be mounted to pads or structural rails with adequate size bolts to prevent the unit from shifting or changing postion. Mounting holes are provided for proper size fasteners. Iso-pads are recommended to absorb vibration and reduce noise. Seismic isolators may be required in some localities. Follow the isolator manufacturers recommendation when selecting and applying isolators. Mount units level. Condensing units with spring mounted compressors are shipped with blocks or retainers under the compressor feet to keep it from shaking during shipment. On Copeland H and K model compressors, remove the blocks and loosen the mounting nut to have 1/16 inch between the nut and rubber spacer. On 3 HP and larger models, mounting nuts must be removed to insert the rubber spacer. Remove the blocks, insert the rubber spacer over the mounting stud, replace the nuts and tighten to 1/16 inch from the spacer. Do not tighten mounting nuts tight against the rubber spacer or foot. Units with iso-pad mounted compressors are shipped with the mounting nuts tight and they should be checked to be sure they have not loosened in shipment. Observe minimum clearance recommendations below. Do not locate any unit to be bordered by tall walls or obstructions on three or more sides, even when the clearance are observed. The minimum space between units is 2x dimensions shown.

Drawing 1

Table 1

CONDENSING UNIT DESCRIPTION Proline Proline 1/2 thru 2 HP 3 thru 6 HP

MINIMUM DIMENSION (Inches) A B C 60 72 72 48 24 24 30 48 36 36 48 48

B
DISCHARGE AIR

CONDENSING UNIT

INTAKE AIR

WD Series 3 thru 22 HP WV Series 20 thru 80 HP

Table 2 EVAPORATOR HEIGHT (Key Dim.)

LOCATING WALK-IN EVAPORATORS

MINIMUM DIMENSION FOR GOOD AIR CIRCULATION AND EVAPORATOR PERFORMANCE Unit to Unit to Unit Unit to Back Wall * Side Wall to Unit Front Wall Unit to Floor

H
12" 15" 18" 24" 30" 36" 42" 48" * Critical Minimum Dimension

1xH
12" 15" 18" 24" 30" 36" 42" 48"

1xH
12" 15" 18" 24" 30" 36" 42" 48"

2xH
24" 30" 36" 48" 60" 72" 84" 96"

5xH
60" 75" 90" 120" 150" 180" 210" 240"

3xH
60" 60" 60" 72" 90" 108" 126" 144"

H = Height of Evaporator Obstruction Free Area

Minimum walk-in height of 7'-0"

Air Evap.

Front wall

5xH

Min.

12"

Air

Product

Product Door

Storage

Area

3xH

* Refer to Table 2 for dimension H

Floor

SIDE VIEW
Drawings are not to scale No doors at side or back of evaporators. Back wall

H H
Side wall
Evaporator

2xH
Evaporator

Air

Air

5xH
Alternate Door location

Side wall

* Refer to Table 2 for dimension H

Door

Front wall

TOP VIEW
4

LOCATING AND MOUNTING WALK-IN EVAPORATORS

Locate evaporators for the air pattern to cover all of the room. Do not restrict the inlet or outlet air stream. Avoid placing evaporators above or close to doors. Direct the air stream toward the door when possible or arrange to blow down an aisle. Allow sufficient clearance for air circulation and servicing the unit. The ceiling structure must have adequate strength to support all mechanical equipment, components, piping, and personnel. Heavy zinc plated or stainless steel bolts should be used to mount evaporators. We recommend a minimum 5/16" diameter for Super-Flo, Easy-Flo and Dual-Flo units. A minimum 3/8" diameter should be used with Inter-Flo and Polar-Flo units. Use flat washers next to hanger bars and tighten all fasteners securely. Hang all unit coolers level to insure positive condensate draining. All drain lines must be trapped.

Drawing 4

Drawing 5

Air

Air

2 x H* EVAP.

2 x H*

Air

EVAP.
Air

*Refer to Table 2 for dimension H

TOP VIEW - Large coolers or freezers where one wall will not accommodate all evaporators or desired air throw is excessive.
Drawing 6 Drawing 7 Air

A EVAP. A C EVAP.
Air Air Air Air

C B EVAP. A

C
See Table 3 TOP VIEW - Single Centermount Unit
Air

See Table 3 TOP VIEW - Multiple Centermount Units

Table 3

RECOMMENDED SPACING FOR CENTERMOUNT EVAPORATORS A B C D Min. Min. Max. Max. Min. Max. Max. Min. 1' 2' 16' 12' 8' 24' 8' 3'
Dimensions are in feet. One foot minimum between bottom of unit and top of product.

PIPING
Condensing Unit and Evaporator coils are thoroughly cleaned and dehydrated at the factory. Care must be taken when field piping to prevent foreign materials and moisture from entering the system. Do not leave units or piping open to the atmosphere any longer than necessary. Use ACR grade Copper tube, keeping it dry, clean, and capped. If type L tube is used, it should be thoroughly cleaned internally. When brazing, always pass dry nitrogen through the tubing to prevent oxide and scale from forming. A suitable silver alloy solder should be used on suction and liquid lines. Use only Wrot Copper fittings. Long radius elbows should be used. Install all piping and components in accordance with local and national codes and in conformance with good refrigeration practice for proper operation of the systems. The suction line and its components must be selected and installed with extreme care. The suction line must be sized for high enough refrigeration velocity to assure good oil return, and low enough pressure drop to prevent excessive system capacity loss. The optimum line size for a system will result in a reasonable velocity at minimum pressure drop. Total suction line pressure loss should not exceed 2F equivalent loss. Suction line risers must be carefully selected, have an oil trap at the bottom and at 15 foot intervals up the riser. The should be the same size as the vertical riser connected to its outlet. Riser should not be larger in diameter than horizontal runs. Horizontal runs of suction line should slope 1 inch per 10 feet in the direction of flow. A 1/4 inch male flare Schrader fitting should be installed in the suction line at the evaporator outlet to obtain accurate evaporator pressure and superheat readings. Refer to pages 8 though 13 for line size recommendations and piping diagrams. Note the maximum size for suction line risers. Liquid lines, both horizontal and vertical, are normally the same size. In vertical lines with upward flow there will be a pressure loss similar to that in water line riser, due to the lift involved. If ignored, this pressure loss can result in liquid line flash gas that will prevent good expansion valve and system performance. Sizing the liquid line too small will also result in flash gas. Sizing a liquid line larger than necessary will increase the system refrigerant charge. Flash gas can be avoided by adding subcooling to the system, however, subcooling should not be considered as an acceptable alternative to properly sized liquid lines. One method to obtain liquid subcooling and return gas superheat is to join the liquid and suction line together and then insulate them. This economical method is often used on vertical lines. Another alternative is to use a manufactured liquid-suction heat exchanger. This type of heat exchanger is usually located inside the cooler or freezer, near the evaporator. D series and V series condensing units include an integral liquid subcooling circuit in the condenser coil. Any one of these methods will normally provide enough subcooling to offset the liquid line pressure loss due to friction and lift. Liquid lines with more than 30 feet of vertical lift need special attention! A liquid line solenoid should be installed near the expansion valve inlet. If there are multiple evaporators, locate the solenoid near the branch line to the first evaporator. Before installing the expansion valve on the distributor, check the distributor to be sure it has a nozzle installed or is a venturi type. For optimum performance, the expansion valve outlet should be installed directly to the distributor. If reducing couplings or adapters are required keep them close coupled. Do not have elbows between the expansion valve and distributor. The expansion valve must be selected to match the system capacity. Follow the expansion valve manufacturers ratings when selecting the valve and use the appropriate capacity multiplier if liquid is subcooled below 70F. If the amount of liquid subcooling may vary, a balanced port expansion valve should be used. Evaporators with 1/2 inch flare nut (FN) inlet distributors can be converted to a sweat type inlet. All distributors have room to remove the flare with a mini-cutter. The inlet would be 1/2 inch OD and an expansion valve with 1/2 ODF outlet would fit. Alco type HFS or Sporlan type EG, SBF or S expansion valves are available with 1/2 ODF extended Copper outlet connections. To protect the valve(s), wrap them with a wet rag while brazing. Disassembly of the valve is not required.

Expansion valves are supplied with clamps for securing the bulb to the suction line. The bulb must be secured at the evaporator outlet, on the side of a horizontal run of suction line, at the 4 oclock or 8 oclock position, before any traps. The bulb must be in uniform contact with clean Copper tube and must not bridge any fitting or uneven surface. A thermal mastic or heat transfer compound may be used with the expansion valve bulb and suction line for quicker expansion valve response. DO not overtighten bulb clamps or deform the bulb in any way. Drain lines should be the size of the evaporator drain pan connection or larger. They should not be reduced in size. Plastic drain lines are often used in coolers, however, Copper or metal lines are recommended if room temperature is below 35F. All drain lines must be protected from freezing. All drain lines must be trapped and run to an open drain. Drain lines should be sloped 4 inches per foot to insure positive drainage. Never connect a condensate drain directly to a sewer line. Never drain onto a floor or walkway, creating a safety hazard. Traps must be in warm ambient or be protected from freezing. It may be necessary to run heat tape the entire length of the drain line and trap to prevent freezing. Insulating the drain line is recommended with the heat tape energized continuously. Drain properly and safely! All piping must be adequately supported to prevent vibration and breaking. Tube clamps should have a gasketed surface to prevent abrasion. Inspect all piping while the equipment is operating and add supports to prevent stress and vibration. When the liquid solenoid opens and closes, the liquid line will

tend to move forcefully. Without proper support the joints at the liquid solenoid, expansion valve, distributor, and distributor leads can fracture. Take care to secure the liquid line at the evaporator. Line supports are inexpensive compared to downtime and refrigerant loss. All piping must be protected where it passes through walls or ceilings. Precautions should be taken to see that the piping does not touch any structural members and is properly supported in order to prevent the transmission of vibration into the building. The piping chase must be thoroughly sealed to protect the tube and prevent ambient air from entering the refrigerated space. Seal around the drain line where it passes through the wall. Air leaks can cause equipment problems, damage the structure and product, increase load, increase operating cost, and can cause a safety hazard. Eliminate all air leaks. See Table 11 for recommended line support spacing. In low temperature application, or where proper oil circulation cannot be maintained, an oil separator may be required. When operating at evaporator temperatures of -20F and lower, oil separators should be considered in order to minimize the amount of oil in circulation. In addition to the critical nature of oil return, there is no better invitation to system difficulties than an excessive refrigerant charge. A reasonable pressure drop is far more preferable than oversized lines which can contain refrigerant far in excess of the systems needs. On systems with a larger refrigerant charge, or on systems where liquid floodback is likely to occur, a suction line accumulator is strongly recommended.

LEAK TESTING
After all refrigerant connections are made, have been visually inspected and secured, add proper system refrigerant until the pressure is 25 to 35 PSI. Then pressurize with dry nitrogen up to 120 to 140 PSI. Always use a pressure reducing regulator. Wait 20 to 30 minutes for the refrigerant to reach all parts of the system. Using an electronic leak detector, check all connections and components, both factory and field installed. The compressor, evaporator coil, and condenser coil must be checked. Valves and controls must be checked. Repair any leaks found and re-check until no leaks are located and the pressure holds steady. Leave the system 7 pressurized overnight to verify that the pressure remains unchanged. Unlocated leaks can mean unprofitable call back, additional refrigerant cost, higher energy cost, and possible internal contamination and failure of the system. With highly hygroscopic polyol ester (POE) lubricants, leak detection is essential to prevent moisture from entering a system. The system installation must be leak free! After leak testing has been completed, the system must be thoroughly evacuated before charging.

SUCTION LINE DESIGN

EVAPORATOR BELOW COMPRESSOR

DOUBLE RISER WHEN REQUIRED LOOP TO PREVENT LIQUID DRAINING INTO COMPRESSOR
E OP SL

EVAPORATOR ABOVE COMPRESSOR

EVAPORATORS ABOVE COMPRESSOR

EVAPORATORS BELOW COMPRESSOR DOUBLE RISER WHEN REQUIRED

E OP SL

SLOPE

SLOPE

EVAPORATORS ABOVE COMPRESSOR

ADD TRAP

SMALLER RISER

LARGER RISER

15' MAX
SLOPE SLOPE

DOUBLE TRAP
8

DOUBLE RISER

RECOMMENDED LINE SIZES

Table 6

R-22
+15F SUCTION 30'
1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

SYSTEM BTUH 3000 4000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 24000 30000 36000 42000 48000 60000 75000 90000 120000 150000 180000 210000 240000 300000 360000 480000 600000

+45F SUCTION 30'

3/8 3/8 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

+35F SUCTION 30'

3/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

+25F SUCTION 30'

3/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

60'
3/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

60'
1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

60'
1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

60'
1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8

All Line Sizes are for O.D. Type L, ACR, or RS copper tube. All Lengths are "Equivalent Feet." Shading indicates Maximum Suction Riser Size. Diameter of riser must not be larger than horizontal run. Consider double suction risers if capacity control can reduce capacity 35% or more below design. All line sizes selected for 2F equivalent pressure loss maximum. Suction traps must be used for proper oil return.

10

RECOMMENDED LINE SIZES

Table 7

R-22
LIQUID LINE 30'
1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

+5F SUCTION 30'

1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

-10F SUCTION 30'

1/2 1/2 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

-20F SUCTION 30'

1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

SYSTEM BTUH 3000 4000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 24000 30000 36000 42000 48000 60000 75000 90000 120000 150000 180000 210000 240000 300000 360000 480000 600000

60'
1/2 1/2 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

60'
1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

60'
5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

60'
1/4 1/4 1/4 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
1/4 1/4 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8

2 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8

Table 8

MINIMUM LIQUID SUBCOOLING (F) TO OFFSET PRESSURE LOSS IN RISERS RISE IN FEET 10' 15' 20' 25' 30' REFRIGERANT R - 22 R - 404A or R - 507 2 2 3 2 4 3 4 3 5 4

40' 7 5

11

RECOMMENDED LINE SIZES

Table 9

R-404A, R-507
-10F SUCTION 30'
1/2 1/2 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

SYSTEM BTUH 3000 4000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 24000 30000 36000 42000 48000 60000 75000 90000 120000 150000 180000 210000 240000 300000 360000 480000 600000

+30F SUCTION 30'

3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

+20F SUCTION 30'

3/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

+10F SUCTION 30'

1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

60'
3/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
1/2 1/2 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

60'
1/2 1/2 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
1/2 1/2 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1/2 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

60'
1/2 1/2 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

60'
5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8

All Line Sizes are for O.D. Type L, ACR, or RS copper tube. All Lengths are "Equivalent Feet." Shading indicates Maximum Suction Riser Size. Diameter of riser must not be larger than horizontal run. Consider double suction risers if capacity control can reduce capacity 35% or more below design. All line sizes selected for 2F equivalent pressure loss maximum. Suction traps must be used for proper oil return.

12

RECOMMENDED LINE SIZES

Table 10

R-404A, R-507
LIQUID LINE 30'
1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

-20F SUCTION 30'

1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

-30F SUCTION 30'

1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

-40F SUCTION 30'

5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8

SYSTEM BTUH 3000 4000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 24000 30000 36000 42000 48000 60000 75000 90000 120000 150000 180000 210000 240000 300000 360000 480000 600000

60'
5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 1 1/8

60'
5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8

60'
5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

60'
1/4 1/4 1/4 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

100' 150'
1/4 1/4 1/4 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1/4 1/4 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8

1 1/8 1 1/8

1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8

2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 5 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 5 1/8 5 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 5 1/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 5 1/8 5 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8

Table 11

MAXIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN TYPE "L" COPPER TUBE LINE SUPPORTS TUBE O.D. (INCHES) MAXIMUM FEET 4 3/8 - 1/2 6 5/8 - 7/8 8 1 1/8 - 2 1/8 10 2 5/8 - 5 1/8
Support all lines securely using cushioned clamps. Clamps should be a minimum of 12 inches from elbows.

13

FIELD WIRING
All field wiring must be in compliance with local and national codes. Use only copper conductors of the appropriate size. The equipment specplates are marked with the electrical characteristics. All field wiring should enter the equipment control panels through bushings. Disconnect switches and evaporator branch circuit protection are supplied by the installer and must comply with the governing electrical codes. Be sure the power is disconnected and tighten all connections before starting equipment. If any electrical components are located outdoors, use the appropriate outdoor fixture, fittings, and conduit. System wiring diagrams are located inside the condensing unit control panel door. Wire components as shown on the wiring diagrams. All equipment must be grounded. To aid the evacuation and provide additional compressor protection during charging and start-up, the crankcase heater should be energized 24 hours before charging begins. After startup, any vibrating armored cable should be secured and must not contact refrigerant tubing. The room thermostat and liquid line solenoid should be wired in series per the diagrams. The pumpdown cycle is mandatory to maintain compressor warranty. Carefully follow the diagrams of multiple evaporator systems to ensure proper defrosting of all units.

TYPICAL FIELD WIRING

OFF-CYCLE AIR DEFROST WITH OR WITHOUT TIMER
208/230/3 or 460/3 POWER SUPPLY FROM FIELD SUPPLIED DISCONNECT

ALTERNATE UNIT COOLER WIRING AIR DEFROST WITHOUT TIMER

FAN MOTOR POWER 120 or 208/230 VOLTS

O O
GROUND LUG TB1 44 O 38 O 2 (N) O O LLS ROOM T'STAT O

O O

O O

CONDENSING UNIT

O O O

O LLS

CIRCUIT BREAKER or TERMINAL BLOCK

EVAP FANS

ROOM T'STAT

ALL UNITS MUST BE GROUNDED

Volts & phase to match evap fans

O O O

For factory wiring refer to the diagram in the unit. If liquid line solenoid (LLS) is factory mounted or if unit has low ambient flooded condenser option, connection to TB1 - 38 terminal must be made.

EVAP FANS

ELECTRIC DEFROST, 1 FANS & HEATERS

208/230/ POWER SUPPLY FROM FIELD SUPPLIED DISCONNECT

HOT GAS DEFROST, 1 FANS

208/230 or 460 POWER SUPPLY FROM FIELD SUPPLIED DISCONNECT

O O
GROUND LUG TB1 44 O 38 O 2 O O LLS ROOM T'STAT O

O O

O O

CONDENSING UNIT
GROUND LUG TB1 X O 4 O 3 O 44 O 38 O 2 O O LLS O N O X O 4 O 3

O O

O O

O O

CONDENSING UNIT

CIRCUIT BREAKER or TERMINAL BLOCK TB2 N O

CIRCUIT BREAKER or TERMINAL BLOCK TB2 N O O O N O X O 4 O 3 X O 4 O 3 O

TB - Terminal Block LLS - Liquid Line Solenoid

ROOM T'STAT

EVAP

EVAP

14

TYPICAL FIELD WIRING

ELECTRIC DEFROST, 1 FANS & 3 HEATERS
208/230/3 POWER SUPPLY FROM FIELD SUPPLIED DISCONNECT

O O
GROUND LUG TB1 44 38 O O 2 O O LLS ROOM T'STAT O

O O

O O

CIRCUIT BREAKER or TERMINAL BLOCK TB2 N O X O 4 O 3 O

CONDENSING UNIT Provide jumper from N to 3 if heater safety (HS) is not used.
C6 HEATER O O O C7 HEATER O O O

ALL UNITS MUST BE GROUNDED

For factory wiring refer to the diagram in the unit. If liquid line solenoid (LLS) is factory mounted or if unit has low ambient flooded condenser option, connection to TB1 - 38 terminal must be made.

O N

O X

O 4

O 3

H1 H2 H3

H1 H2 H3

TB - Terminal Block C# - Contactor # LLS - Liquid Line Solenoid H - Heater terminal

EVAP

ELECTRIC DEFROST, MULTIPLE EVAPORATOR, 1 FANS & HEATERS

208/230/3 POWER SUPPLY FROM FIELD SUPPLIED DISCONNECT

O O
GROUND LUG TB1 44 38 O O 2 O O LLS ROOM T'STAT O

O O

O O

CONDENSING UNIT

ALL UNITS MUST BE GROUNDED

CIRCUIT BREAKER or TERMINAL BLOCK TB2A N O X O 4 O 3 O TB2B N O X O 4 O 3 O TB2C N O X O 4 O 3 O

For factory wiring refer to the diagram in the unit. If liquid line solenoid (LLS) is factory mounted or if unit has low ambient flooded condenser option, connection to TB1 - 38 terminal must be made.

O N

O X

O 4

O 3

O N

O X

O 4

O 3

O N

O X

O 4

O 3

EVAP A
TB - Terminal Block LLS - Liquid Line Solenoid

EVAP B

EVAP C

THE MOST POSITIVE AND DEPENDABLE MEANS OF KEEPING LIQUID REFRIGERANT OUT OF THE COMPRESSOR CRANKCASE IS THE USE OF A PUMPDOWN CYCLE

15

TYPICAL FIELD WIRING

ELECTRIC DEFROST, MULTIPLE EVAPORATOR, 1 FANS AND 3 HEATERS
208/230/3 POWER SUPPLY FROM FIELD SUPPLIED DISCONNECT

O O
GROUND LUG TB1 44 38 O O 2 O O LLS ROOM T'STAT O

O O

O O

CONDENSING UNIT
Provide jumper from N to 3 if heater safety (HS) is not used.
C6 TB2B N O X O 4 O 3 O C7 HEATER O O O TB2C N O X O 4 O 3 O C8 HEATER O O O

CIRCUIT BREAKER or TERMINAL BLOCK TB2A N O X O 4 O 3 O

HEATER O O O

O N

O X

O 4

O 3

O N

O X

O 4

O 3

O N

O X

O 4

O 3

H1 H2 H3

H1 H2 H3

H1 H2 H3

TB - Terminal Block C# - Contactor # LLS - Liquid Line Solenoid H - Heater terminal

EVAP A

EVAP B

EVAP C
ALL UNITS MUST BE GROUNDED

ELECTRIC DEFROST, MULTIPLE EVAPORATOR, 3 FANS AND HEATERS

208/230/3 or 460/3 POWER SUPPLY FROM FIELD SUPPLIED DISCONNECT

O O
GROUND LUG TB1 44 38 O O 2 O O LLS ROOM T'STAT O

O O

O O

CONDENSING UNIT
Provide jumper from N to 3 if heater safety (HS) is not used.
C6 TB2B N O X O 4 O 3 O C7 HEATER O O O TB2C N O X O 4 O 3 O C8 HEATER O O O C5 MOTOR O O O

CIRCUIT BREAKER or TERMINAL BLOCK TB2A N O X O 4 O 3 O

HEATER O O O

O N

O X

O 4

O 3

O N

O X

O 4

O 3

O N

O X

O 4

O 3

H1 H2 H3 M1 M2 M3

H1 H2 H3 M1 M2 M3

H1 H2 H3 M1 M2 M3

TB - Terminal Block C# - Contactor # LLS - Liquid Line Solenoid H - Heater terminal M - Motor terminal

EVAP A

EVAP B

EVAP C

ALL UNITS MUST BE GROUNDED

For factory wiring refer to the diagram in the unit. If liquid line solenoid (LLS) is factory mounted or if condensing unit has low ambient flooded condenser option, connection to TB1 - 38 terminal must be made.

16

EVACUATION
Proper installation procedures must include DEEP EVACUATION of the system. It takes both a deep vacuum and filter-drier in a system for proper protection. The filter-drier will pick up moisture, oxides, fibers, particles of metal, flux, and other materials that evacuation cannot remove. Removing the AIR and MOISTURE from a system by applying a DEEP VACUUM is an absolute necessity. Only by using a rotary deep vacuum pump and an electronic deep vacuum gauge can the installer be sure a system is dehydrated sufficiently to prevent early breakdown. By using a rotary deep vacuum pump and the multiple evacuation method, an electronic deep vacuum gauge can indicate that the system has been adequately evacuated and if a leak exists. The installer must comply with government regulations and use appropriate procedures and equipment to avoid releasing refrigerants into the atmosphere. A two-valve test manifold mounted on the vacuum pump is recommended. To shorten the evacuation time and to prevent erroneous gauge readings, install the largest diameter vacuum line feasible and as short as practical. A minimum 3/8 inch OD copper tube or seamless metal hose is recommended. The larger the system, the larger the vacuum line diameter should be. Do not use neoprene hose for evacuation. Neoprene hose is not sufficiently vacuum tight for evacuation or testing. Using a deep vacuum sealant on all line connections and fittings is good practice. Be prepared to frequently change the vacuum pump oil. Use oil that is specifically refined for rotary deep vacuum pumps. A vacuum pump cannot create a vacuum less than the vapor pressure of its sealing oil. Clean and dry deep vacuum oil is essential for proper system evacuation and protection of the vacuum pump. If the vacuum pump cannot quickly pull down to a low blank-off vacuum reading the oil must be changed. If the pump and oil are in good condition it should quickly attain a 100 micron reading when blanked-off. We recommend checking the pump condition with this test before attempting to evacuate a refrigeration system. Use an electronic deep vacuum gauge. The system must hold at 500 microns or less with R-22 systems and 400 microns or less on R-404A or R-507 systems after final evacuation. The vacuum gauge should hold very close to this reading for 10 minutes after the pump is closed off. Holding steady at or close to this micron reading indicates the system is dry and leak free. The compressor service valves must be open for the final evacuation so that the compressor and entire system is evacuated. Pull a continuous vacuum for a minimum of 4 hours. Longer is better. On systems over 5 horsepower pull the vacuum overnight. POE lubricants are much slower than mineral oils to release moisture. Proper evacuation of systems with POE lubricants can take more time. The vacuum decay test for 10 minutes described in paragraph 5 is strongly recommended. Deep evacuation is an absolute necessity! Make the charging line connection with a line purged of air and break the vacuum. Break the vacuum with the proper system refrigerant and pressurize the system to 5 to 10 PSI before removing the vacuum pump lines. DO NOT START THE COMPRESSOR WHILE THE SYSTEM IS UNDER VACUUM. Do not use the compressor as a vacuum pump. Do not allow the system to stand at deep vacuum more than one hour without the vacuum pump operating.

EVACUATION RECORD
System ID __________________________ HP_____

Start Vacuum: _______ AM / PM

Date ___- ___- ___

________ microns after 4 hours ________ microns after 8 hours ________ microns after 12 hours ________ microns after 16 hours

Stop Vacuum: _______ AM / PM

Date ___- ___- ___

________ microns after ______ hours of evacuation ________ microns 10 minutes after pump shut off

Evacuated by ________________________________

17

CHARGING and START-UP

The control circuit should be energized 24 hours before charging and start-up to open the liquid line solenoid and turn on the crankcase heater. This will assist the evacuation and dehydration process and provide additional compressor protection during the charging and start-up. Charge refrigerant into a system through a filterdrier in the charging line. This provides further assurance the refrigerant charge is clean and dry. The system refrigerant capacity is approximately 80% of the condenser, receiver, and liquid line capacity. If the condenser volume or refrigerant capacity is unknown, the system refrigerant capacity is often calculated at 90% of the receiver and liquid line capacity. Be cautious if the calculated charge is exceeded. Weigh the refrigerant. The actual refrigerant charge should be less than the calculated capacity. DO NOT charge liquid refrigerant into the suction side of the compressor. Be sure the compressor discharge valve is open. The suction valve should be open 2 or 3 turns, with a valve stem wrench attached for quick throttle adjusting. High and low pressure gauges should be attached. Liquid charging is faster. If R-404A or R-507 is used, liquid charging is mandatory. R-404A and R-507 refrigerant cylinders have a dip tube and liquid is charged with the cylinder upright. Break the final vacuum by charging liquid refrigerant into the receiver outlet valve access or the area of liquid line downstream from the receiver outlet. Approximately 50 to 60% of the system charge can usually be injected into the receiver area before it is necessary to start the compressor for the system to accept more refrigerant . It may be necessary to throttle the compressor suction valve to keep suction pressures reasonable and prevent tripouts during charging and pull-down. If it is necessary to add liquid refrigerant to the suction side, a full control ball valve must be used in the charging line to slowly meter refrigerant vapor into the system. If the condensing temperature is 105F or greater, charge the system until the sight glass just clears, being careful not overcharge. If the condensing temperature is below 105F, a part of the condenser coil can be blocked to raise the condensing temperature to 105F. Be careful not to block the air blast against the compressor. This procedure satisfies systems with floating head pressure control. Follow the same procedure for systems with low-ambient flooded condenser head pressure control. With 105F condensing temperature, charge until the sight glass just clears. Then accurately weigh in the additional pounds of refrigerant specified in the chart on page 19. There is also a charging tag on the unit. The pounds specified on the tag supercedes this IOM. This will provide adequate charge for all ambient operation. The actual charge should not exceed the calculated systems capacity. After system charging and room pulldown is complete , test the ability of the system to successfully pump down. Raise the room thermostat setting to close the liquid solenoid. The system must pumpdown and shut off at the low pressure cutout setting. See Table 13. Unblock the condenser coil and return the room thermostat to the desired setting. The first two to three hours of operation after start-up is a critical time. Do not just start-up and walk away. Watch for floodback and adjust the expansion valve if necessary. Observe system pressures. Check all fans on the evaporator and condensing unit to be sure they are operational and turning the proper direction. Record the pounds of refrigerant charged into the system. Check the compressor oil level frequently. On low temperature systems the fan delay control may cycle the evaporator fans. To keep the fans on until the room pulls down, it may be necessary to jumper the fan delay control. Check voltage and amperage at the compressor. Voltage must be within 10% of the specplate rating. Amperage should be approximately equal across all three lines. Check the piping for vibration and add supports if needed. Check electrical conduit for vibration and route to prevent contact with tubing. Use the Start-Up Check List on page 24 to assist you. Dont forget to remove the fan delay jumper if one was used. Also, fully open the suction valve. After the room has pulled down to design temperature and held for 24 hours, review the system guidelines on page 23 and complete a system service record on page 25.

18

POUNDS OF ADDITIONAL REFRIGERANT CHARGE TO ADD FOR FLOODED HEAD PRESSURE CONTROL
Table 12

Proline 1/2 - 6 HP Model Lbs. to PLH Add H051H22 H050M44 H050L44 H075H22 H075M44 H075L44 H100H22 H100L44 H101M44 H150H22 H150M44 H150L44 H200H22 H201M44 H200L44 H250H22 H300H22 H300M44 H300L44 H400H22 H400M44 H500H22 H500M44 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.2 4.3 5.0 4.3 4.3 7.5 8.6 6.5 7.5 12.4 10.6 10.6 12.4 10.6 16.5 14.2 12.4 10.6 12.4 10.6 16.5 14.2 12.4 10.6

Proline 1/2 - 6 HP Model Lbs. to PLS Add S050H22 S050M44 S050L22 S050L44 S075H22 S075L22 S075L44 S100H22 S100M44 S100L22 S100L44 S150H22 S150L44 S200H22 S200M44 S200L22 S200L44 S201L22 S202L22 S250L44 S300H22 S300M44 S300L22 S300L44 S400H22 S400M22 S400M44 S500H22 S500M22 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 2.5 2.5 3.2 3.8 4.3 3.8 3.2 5.0 4.3 7.5 6.5 7.5 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.1 8.3 7.1 8.3 7.1 12.4 12.4 10.6 16.5 16.5

WD - Series 3 - 22 HP Model Lbs. to WDLD Add 3L22 3L44 4L22 4L44 5H22 5M44 5L22 5L44 6M44 6L22 6L44 7H22 7M44 8H22 8M44 8L22 8L44 9L22 9L44 10H22 10M44 10L22 10L44 12H22 12M44 12L22 12L44 15H22 15M44 15L22 15L44 22L22 22L44 9.5 8.2 14.3 12.3 14.3 16.4 14.3 12.3 23.0 14.3 12.3 27.0 23.0 27.0 23.0 27.0 23.0 27.0 23.0 44.0 38.0 27.0 23.0 44.0 38.0 27.0 23.0 54.0 46.0 44.0 38.0 54.0 46.0

WV - Series 20 - 80 HP Model Lbs. to WVLD Add SINGLE 20H22 20M44 25H22 25M44 27L22 27L44 30H22 30M44 30L22 30L44 35H22 35M44 40H22 40M44 50H22 50M44 60H22 60M44 PARALLEL 17H22 17M44 21H22 21M44 24H22 24M44 31H22 31M44 41H22 41M44 44L44 51H22 51M44 54L44 61H22 61M44 61L44 71H22 71M44 81H22 81H22 58 50 78 67 58 50 98 84 58 50 115 99 144 124 156 134 195 168

PLD
D300L22 D300L44 D400L22 D400L44 D500H22 D500M44 D500L22 D500L44

CHARGING STEPS - (See Page 18) 1. Charge as necessary to achieve a clear sight glass, with the air intake to the condenser blocked, to maintain a minimum 200 psi head pressure. This will prevent gas from by passing through the flood valve. DO NOT OVERCHARGE! Just clear the glass. 2. Add the exact amount of refrigerant shown in this table of the model being charged. This will provide the system the charge it requires for all weather, flooded, operation.
19

58 50 78 67 98 84 86 74 115 99 74 117 101 99 195 168 124 173 149 231 198

RECOMMENDED INITIAL LOW PRESSURE CONTROL SETTING - PSIG

Table 13

MINIMUM SYSTEM * TEMP. F 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 MAXIMUM CUT IN 75 60 45 40 30 20 15 10 6

R-22
CUT OUT 25 20 20 15 10 5 1 0 8" Vac.

R-404A, R-507
MAXIMUM CUT IN 85 70 55 50 45 25 20 12 8 CUT OUT 35 35 35 30 25 5 1 1 8" Vac.

*Minimum System Temperature is the coldest point in the system, whether it is the outdoor ambient or the refrigerated room temperature. The Minimum System Temperature dictates the low pressure control setting. When possible, keep the low pressure cut out at positive pressure. Low pressure controls are factory set at 15 PSI cut in and 3 PSI cut out.

RECOMMENDED INITIAL HIGH PRESSURE CONTROL SETTING - PSIG

R-22
CUT IN 270 - 275 CUT OUT 350 - 360

Table 14

R-404A, R-507
CUT IN 315 - 320 CUT OUT 390 - 400

ESTIMATING VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS

for INDOOR

AIR COOLED CONDENSING UNITS

CFM PER HORSEPOWER 2000 1500 1000

Table 15

SATURATED SUCTION F High temp. +28 to +45 Med. temp. Low temp. +1 to +27 -1 to -30

These estimates are based on limiting the equipment room ventilation air temperature rise to 10F above the make up air. The total fresh air CFM must be available to the condenser coil inlets at design ambient. The temperature rise may be reduced by increasing the CFM. High temperature CFM required = HT HP x 2000 = ____________________ Med. temperature CFM required = MT HP x 1500 = ____________________ Low temperature CFM required = L T HP x 1000 = ____________________ TOTAL estimated CFM required = (add above) _____________________ 20

DEFROST
AIR DEFROST - An air defrost system, sometimes called off-cycle, is wired so that the evaporator fans run continuously, unless manually de-energized. Whenever the compressor stops, the room air (minimum = 34F) warms the coil to room temperature melting the frost. It is essential that the frost completely melts and drains each time the compressor cycles off. If it does not, a partial defrost results, and the residual water and slush will refreeze into ice during the next run cycle. Ice removal will require a manual defrost.
Adequate off-cycle time is a function of system capacity. If the system is too small for the room, ice build-up will usually result. Use of an air defrost timer is sometimes successful on undersized systems to avoid coil icing. A temporary rise in room temperature will occur during the defrost cycle. Optional defrost timers are suitable for Time Initiated, and either Time or Temperature terminated air defrost. Time termination is done by setting the failsafe dial of the timer to the desired defrost duration. This keeps the compressor off during that duration. Temperature termination requires the mounting of a close-on-rise termination thermostat whose remote sensing bulb can be affixed to the coil at the point of heaviest frosting. The best setting for the termination temperature is usually the design room temperature.

TIMER SETTINGS - Timers should be set to the correct time. Determine the number of defrost per day and the best time of day to occur. Insert defrost pins accordingly. Set the fail-safe time to terminate the defrost a few minutes beyond the estimated temperature termination time. Air defrost fail-safe (termination time) is usually 30 to 50 minutes. The colder the room, the longer the fail-safe time required. Electric defrost systems normally have a 25 to 35 minute fail-safe time. Hot gas defrost systems usually have a 10 to 25 minute fail-safe. SUCCESSFUL DEFROSTING - Numerous factors should be considered when selecting and starting up low temperature refrigeration systems. For storage freezers holding packaged product, two defrost per day is normal. If the freezer has heavy usage with lots of door openings then three or four defrost per day may be required. For blast chilling and freezing or freezing of products with high moisture content, six or more defrost per day may be necessary. Do not have more defrosts than are necessary. Unnecessary extra defrosts add heat to the refrigerated space that must be removed. Excessive defrost periods may also cause steaming and lead to undesirable ice formation on the unit cooler, ceiling, and product.
Another factor to consider when determining the frequency of defrost is oil return. Oil will tend to settle out in the evaporator or suction line on low temperature systems. This oil should return to the compressor shortly after a defrost. Watch the compressor oil level. If it becomes low, a defrost may be needed for oil return. In critical situations an oil separator may be required. Two to four defrost per day are usually sufficient to maintain proper oil level in the compressor. The new synthetic (POE) lubricants are considered more miscible with refrigerant than mineral oil and do not separate out as rapidly. Some installations may require only one defrost per day. Evaporators with a medium frost load will defrost best. If the frost load is very light, the moisture cannot form water drops and run off the fins. Instead, it will vaporize off as steam and can create ice on colder surfaces like the ceiling, fan blades, fan guards, and evaporator housing. With medium frost loads, the frost will melt off as water and drain away. Too heavy a frost load will restrict air flow and cause uneven temperature in the freezer. Defrost with a medium frost load to maintain stable room temperature, optimum evaporator performance, and have a complete clearing of all frost.

ELECTRIC DEFROST - The recommended electric defrost circuitry is typical wiring designed for the Paragon 8145-20 and Precision 6145-20 defrost timers, with the addition of Lock-out Relay R1. This relay prevents the simultaneous operation of the compressor and the defrost heaters, and thus avoids the need for oversized wiring and service.
Relay R1 contact (4-5) is normally closed ( relay deenergized), and is wired in series with the defrost heaters and terminal 3 (heater power) in the timer. Whenever R1 is energized, the relay contact opens, breaking the heater power circuit. R1 holding coil is in parallel with the compressor motor on single phase, or the compressor contactor holding coil (M1) on three phase, and is therefore energized any time the compressor starts. When the timer switches the system into defrost, the heaters will not energize until the compressor completes pumpdown and stops, even through the timer has applied power to terminal 3. If the compressor starts up for additional pumpdown during defrost, R1 energizes, breaking power to the heaters until the compressor stops again.

21

DEFROST (continued)
Once ice forms in an evaporator coil it keeps building more ice and eventually will lead to equipment failure if not manually defrosted. Some symptoms of ice forming in the coil are: (1) Loss of air circulation and air throw, (2) Loss of room temperature, (3) No offcycle time, (4) Floodback, and (5) Water spitting out of the fans or coil on air defrost systems. Long term ice formation will crush the refrigerant tubes in the coil causing leaks and major equipment problems. If ice formation is suspected, carefully check the interior rows of the coil with a good light. Ice formation usually starts at the bottom of the coil in the middle rows and can be difficult to detect. Any ice formation, however small, requires a manually assisted defrost. Clear 100% of the ice before placing a unit back into operation.

PRODUCT LOADING and AIR CIRCULATION

Always allow space for good air throw, air circulation, air return, cleaning and servicing of the evaporator unit. Always leave air circulation space between the products and walls of the cooler. Leave space between the boxes or cartons of product for the fastest temperature reduction or freezing. The larger the mass of product, the longer it takes to remove heat from the center of that mass. Divide the mass with air circulation space so the circulating cold air can carry the heat away from the product faster. Baffles may be required to direct air to specific areas of a room. How the product is stacked will influence pulldown time and stable product temperature. Direct the air to flow over and through the product. Refer to the evaporator location recommendations on page 4 to 5. It is a good practice to avoid stacking product closer than 12 inches to the evaporator drain pan. The room size, layout, aisleways, heigh, door location, product stacking, and other factors influence the location of the evaporator. Locate evaporators so that the air pattern covers the entire room. Avoid
Drawing 9

placing evaporators above or close to doors. Direct the air stream toward the door or down an aisle when possible. Use strip curtains on doors if they are open frequently or for extended periods. Minimize the entry of warm, humid, air into the room. There are always exceptions to the guidelines for general use storage cooler or freezers. Special exceptions could be the product, air velocity, temperature, humidity, process, people, or machinery involved. Tomatoes, bananas, flowers, meat cutting and processing, and many other products have special requirements. Work or process rooms with people involved may have specifications requiring special attention. Facilities with USDA or other inspections can have special regulations and we suggest contacting the local inspector when selecting and locating equipment. Blast chill or blast freeze rooms may require special equipment or parts. We have years of experience and are always ready to assist you with special applications or projects.

TYPICAL EVAPORATOR LOCATION IN A FREEZER

Evap. Air Air

Air

Product

Air
Product

Air

Door
Pallets-Air Air

22

EVAPORATOR SUPERHEAT
Normally 6 to 12 is acceptable on most refrigeration systems. Preferably 6 to 8 on low temperature systems and 8 to 10 on medium temperature systems. Obtain evaporator superheat by measuring the suction line temperature at the expansion valve bulb. Obtain pressure at a Schrader fitting in the evaporator suction connection area, near the expansion valve bulb, and convert to temperature with a pressure-temperature chart. Subtract the converted temperature from the measured temperature and the difference is superheat at the evaporator. Obtain the desired superheat by adjusting the expansion valve. Evaporator superheat greater than 14F can substantially reduce the evaporator and system capacity, while superheat less than 4F has the potential for floodback.

COMPRESSOR SUPERHEAT
To improve compressor life expectancy 25 to 40 of compressor superheat is preferred. Copeland recommends a MINIMUM of 20F superheat at the compressor. Compressor superheat is sometimes called suction superheat. Obtain compressor superheat by measuring the suction line temperature about 6 to 12 inches from the compressor service valve. Obtain pressure at the suction service valve and convert to temperature with a pressure-temperature chart. Subtract the converted temperature from the measured temperature and the difference is superheat at the compressor. Compressor superheat is a critical value and should override evaporator superheat. Too low a compressor superheat can permit liquid return to the compressor causing damage or failure. Too high a compressor superheat can cause high discharge temperature, resulting in lubricant breakdown, compressor overheating and can lead to compressor damage or failure. System capacity decreases as compressor superheat increases so superheat should be as low as practical, but with 20F MINIMUM at all times. Compressor superheat can be changed by adjusting the expansion valve, adding a suction-liquid line heat exchanger, or by insulating just the suction line. Remember that increasing the superheat at the evaporator will decrease the evaporator capacity. For that reason, suction-liquid line heat exchanger are often used on systems with short line runs. Each system must be thoughtfully planned and adjusted to obtain optimum performance.

RETURN GAS TEMPERATURE

Although compressors may be capacity rated with 65F return gas, most low temperature systems should not be operated at that condition. A 65F return gas is usually acceptable on medium temperature systems. We recommend a 20F to 40F maximum return gas temperature on low temperature systems. Higher return gas temperatures on low temperature systems may cause compressor overheating and shorten compressor life. Always maintain a minimum 20F superheat at the compressor. If necessary, insulate the suction line on low temperature systems to improve the return gas temperature and superheat at the compressor.

DISCHARGE LINE TEMPERATURE

The discharge line temperature should be measured about 6 inches down line from the compressor discharge service valve. Discharge line temperature has a direct reationship to internal temperatures in the compressor. A discharge line temperature of 220F or lower is desirable and will improve compressor life expectancy. Maintaining a discharge line temperature below 220F prevents oil breakdown, prevents excess wear on internal parts, and is assurance that the compressor is not overheating. Copeland recommends a MAXIMUM discharge line temperature of 225F. Lower is better. There is a relationship between discharge line temperature and return gas temperature. Lowering the return gas temperature by insulating the suction line 23 will usually lower the discharge line temperature about the same degree. Make sure low temperature compressor have a direct air blast over the compressor body. This air blast is essential to maintain proper cooling of low temperature compressors. Check head cooling fans for operation. An operational check and adjustment is recommended after the room has pulled down to operating temperature and the outdoor ambient is above 70F. To simulate design conditions, the condenser face can be partially blocked (Do not block condenser air blast cooling compressor body) to raise the head pressure. Carefully adjust each system for optimum performance and trouble free long life.

SYSTEM START-UP CHECK LIST

Customer_________________________________ City/State____________________________ Job Name___________________________ Date_________________

System No.___________________

Condensing Unit Model No.__________________________________ Evaporator Model No._____________________________ Qty.______ Room No. or Name__________________ Suction Line_______OD Design Temp.________F

Serial No._______________________ Serial No._______________________ Size(Ft.)______L x ______W x_____H Liquid Lift_______Ft.

Liquid Line_______OD

Equivalent Length_______Ft.

Leak Test at________PSIG, for_____Hours

System is Leak Free_______

Evacuated____Times to______Microns + Final Vacuum to_________Microns, for_____Hours Total Hrs____ Sight Glass Dry______ Pressure Controls Set______ Thermostats Set______ Outdoor Ambient_________F Design Voltage____________ Test Volts___________ Control Circuit Volts___________

Disconnect Fuse Size______Amps Control Circuit Fuse______Amps Estimated Refrigerant Charge_____Lbs. Refrigerant R-________ Charge______ + ______ + ______=_________Total Lbs. Sight Glass Clear______ Evap. Fans Running_______ Room Temp at Start-up_________F Defrost Timer Set_________ Sight Glass Clear______ Outdoor Ambient________F

Compressor Oil Level______Glass Room Temp at 1 Hr.______F Room Temp at 2 Hr.______F Room Temp at 4 Hr.______F Electrical Component Compressor Condenser Evaporator Specplate Amps __________ __________ __________

Compressor Oil Level______Glass Compressor Oil Level______Glass Compressor Oil Level______Glass Test Amps L2 _________ _________ _________ _________

L1 _________ _________ _________ _________

L3 _________ _________ _________ _________

Defrost Heaters __________ Evaporator Suction Temp_______F Convert PSIG to________F

Evaporator Suction Pressure________PSIG

Evaporator Superheat________F Compressor Suction Pressure________PSIG Sight Glass Clear________

Compressor Suction Temp________F Convert PSIG to________F

Compressor Superheat________F

Compressor Discharge Pressure________PSIG Liquid Temp Leaving Condensing Unit________F

Compressor Discharge Line Temp_______F Liquid Temp Entering Expansion Valve________F

Evaporator Drain Line Trapped________, Heated________, Sloped________, Will not freeze up________ Type of Defrost: _____Air _____Electric _____Hot Gas Defrost Time______Min. Is Coil Clean?______

Temperature Termination________ Compressor Oil Level________Glass

Fan Delay________

Is Defrost Satisfactory?________

Timer Set________Defrost per Day with________Minute Fail Safe Room Temp Holding at____________F Pumpdown OK________

Room Thermostat Set at___________F FINAL CONDITION Evaporator Superheat________F Compressor Superheat________F

Sight Glass Clear________

Compressor Oil Level________Glass Suction Pressure________PSIG

Discharge Line Temperature________F Start-Up By___________________________

Company____________________ Phone_________________
24

REFRIGERATION SYSTEM SERVICE RECORD

Customer_______________________________ City/State_______________________________ Job Name_________________________________________ System No.___________________ Date_______________

Condensing Unit Model No.___________________________________

Serial No._______________________

Evaporator Model No._____________________________ Qty.______ Serial No._______________________ Room Name________________________ Date System was Installed_______________ Routine/Scheduled Preventive Maintenance o Design Room Temp_______F Service Call o Actual Room Temp________F Total Pounds________

Product Stored___________________

Outdoor Ambient________F

Service Requested___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Service Performed____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Design Voltage______________________ Electrical Component Compressor Condenser Evaporator Defrost Htr. Specplate Amps __________ __________ __________ __________ Actual Voltage________________ L1 Test Amps L2 Refrigerant R-__________ L3

_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ Evaporator Suction Pressure__________PSIG Evaporator Superheat__________F Compressor Suction Pressure__________PSIG Ambient Temp__________F

Evaporator Suction Temp__________F Convert PSIG to__________F Compressor Suction Temp__________F Convert PSIG to__________F

Compressor Superheat__________F

Compressor Discharge Pressure__________PSIG Compressor Oil Level________Glass Cond Coil Clean_______

Compressor Discharge Line Temp__________F Sight Glass Dry__________

Sight Glass Clear________

All Cond Fans Operate________

Liquid Temp Leaving Cond Unit________F Room Temperature Holding at___________F Fan Blades/Guards Clean________ Defrosting OK________

Room Thermostat Set at__________F Evaporator Coil Clean__________ All Evap Fans Operate_________ System Pumpdown OK_________

Drain Pan Clean________ Room Air Circulation OK________

Cooler and Equipment in Safe Condition__________________________ Serviced by _____________________________

System Notes__________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

25

TROUBLE-SHOOTING REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSES
1. Fused disconnect switch or circuit breaker open. 2. Blown fuse or tripped breaker. 3. Low line voltage. 4. Compressor motor protector open. COMPRESSOR WILL NOT RUN 7. Open low pressure control. 8. Open defrost timer. 9. Open oil failure switch. 10. Liquid line solenoid will not open. 11. Compressor motor defective. 12. Loose wiring. 1. Flooding of liquid refrigerant into COMPRESSOR NOISY OR VIBRATING crankcase. 2. Compressor hold-down nuts too tight. 3. Scroll compressor rotation sensitive. 4. Worn or damaged compressor. 1. Too much refrigerant. HIGH HEAD PRESSURE 2. Non-condensibles in system. 3. Dirty condenser coil. 4. Condenser fan not running. 5. Discharge valve partially closed. 1. Improper suction pressure regulator setting. HIGH SUCTION PRESSURE 2. Thermostatic expansion valve pressure limit feature incorrect or inoperative. Overfeeding. 3. Damaged valves in compressor. 4. Worn piston rings and/or cylinder. 5. Room load too large.
26

POSSIBLE CORRECTIVE ACTION

1. Close switch and / or breaker. 2. Check for reason and repair. Replace fuse after correcting problem. 3. Check line voltage; if more than 10% from compressor marking, correcting is necessary. 4. Motor protector automatically resets. Allow time for compressor to cool down so protector will reset. Restart and check for reason overheat occurred.

5. Defective compressor contactor. 6. Open room thermostat.

5. Replace contactor. 6. Check room temperature. If temperature is proper, wait for thermostat to close. 7. Check low pressure control settings. See page 20 for initial settings and adjust as required. 8. Check defrost timer for proper operation. Replace if defective. 9. Check for causes of low pressure and reset switch. 10. Check holding coil; replace if defective. 11. Check motor for open circuit, short circuit, grounded windings or burn-out. 12. Check all wire terminals and tighten as necessary. 1. Check expansion valve superheat setting. 2. Loosen compressor hold-down nuts until compressor floats freely on mounting springs. 3. Rewire for reverse rotation. 4. Replace the compressor. 1. Remove excess refrigerant. 2. Remove non-condensibles from system. 3. Clean condenser coil. 4. Check electrical circuit and fuse. Check fan cycling controls. 5. Open valve. 1. Check regulator setting. Reset if incorrect. 2. Check bulb location and clamping. Adjust superheat. Replace expansion valve power head. 3. Replace valve plate or compressor. 4. Replace compressor. 5. Reduce the load or add more equipment.

TROUBLE-SHOOTING REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSES
1. Insufficient refrigerant.
LOW

POSSIBLE CORRECTIVE ACTION

1. Check system for leaks. Repair leaks and add refrigerant. 2. Check condenser controls and reset to obtain desired condensing temperature. 3. Replace valve plate or compressor. 4. Replace compressor. 1. Check system for leaks. Repair leaks and add refrigerant. 2. Check defrost system. Clean the coil. Check fan operation. Check air flow. 3. Replace filter-drier or cartridges. 4. Replace the suction filter. 5. Check setting and correct as required. 6. Adjust valve for proper superheat or replace the expansion valve if too small. 1. Thoroughly defrost evaporator. After defrost, observe level, add oil. Check for leaks. Check lines for proper slope and traps.

HEAD PRESSURE

2. Faulty condenser temperature controls. 3. Damaged valves in compressor. 4. Worn piston rings and/or cylinder. 1. Insufficient refrigerant. 2. Unit cooler iced up or air flow

LOW SUCTION PRESSURE

restricted. 3. Plugged liquid line filter-drier. 4. Plugged suction filter. 5. Improper suction pressure regulator setting. 6. Expansion valve superheat too high or valve too small. 1. Insufficient oil in system.

LOSS OF OIL 2. Compressor short cycling. 3. Defective oil pressure control. OR 4. Loose fittings on pump housing, compressor or oil lines. 5. Too much liquid refrigerant in the LOW OIL PRESSURE crankcase. 6. Plugged suction oil strainer. 7. Worn oil pump. 8. Worn compressor bearings. ICE BUILD UP ON CEILING, EVAPORATOR GUARDS OR FAN BLADES 1. Defrost time is too long. 2. Too many defrost. 3. Defective fan delay, defrost termination, or timer. 4. Voltage too high. 5. Ambient air leaks into room. 1. Coil temperature not getting high COIL NOT CLEARING DURING DEFROST enough during defrost, or defrost cycle too short. 2. Not enough defrost per day. 3. Defective defrost controls or timer. 4. Voltage too low.
27

2. Check low pressure control settings. 3. Replace oil pressure control. 4. Check and tighten system. Check bottom plate on compressor. 5. Adjust expansion valve for higher superheat. Check crankcase heater. 6. Clean oil strainer. 7. Replace the oil pump. 8. Replace the compressor. 1. Adjust defrost termination thermostat. 2. Reduce number of defrost. 3. Replace the defective component. 4. Reduce voltage to defrost heaters. 5. Seal all air leaks. 1. Check heater operation. Check termination temperature. Adjust defrost thermostat for longer defrost. 2. Set timer for more defrost. 3. Replace defective component. 4. Increase voltage to defrost heaters.

SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Remove all leaves, grass, paper, lint, fluff, soil, feathers, cottonwood hair, or other materials from the condenser coil with a brush, blower, or vacuum. Grease and dirt removal may require washing with a coil cleaning detergent. Always rinse thoroughly with clean water after using a chemical cleaner. Do not use cleaners containing ammonia. The coil must be kept clean at all times. Be sure the condenser fans are operating and the air flow is not restricted. Keep the condensing unit area clean. There is additional oil installed in the compressor to allow for a limited amount to circulate throughout the system with the refrigerant. The oil is clear and can be difficult to see if above the oil level glass. The longer the compressor runs the lower the oil level may go. The oil level may approach the bottom of the glass before the system cycles off or a defrost occurs. After an off cycle or defrost period, the oil normally returns to the compressor. Once the room is down to design temperature the oil level range should be about 1/8 to 5/8 glass. Excess oil is dangerous to the compressor. Do not add oil just because the oil safety trips out. Thoroughly check out the loss of oil or oil pressure on trouble-shooting, page 27, before adding oil. Correct any condition that prevents oil return to the compressor. Visually check the oil pump, oil lines, and compressor bottom plate area for oil leaks. Add only lubricant approved by the compressor manufacturer. Polyol ester, POE, synthetic lubricant must be used with R-404A and R-507 systems. Take caution not to fill above 1/2 glass. POE lubricants quickly absorb moisture from the atmosphere. The system must be kept sealed as much as possible to prevent moisture contamination. Check the system pressures and temperatures on a regular basis to be sure they are within the guidelines recommended on page 23. Refer to trouble-shooting on page 26 and 27 for suggestions. Evaporators should be checked frequently and cleaned of dirt and grease accumulation. Disconnect electrical power to the evaporator when inspecting or cleaning. The fan blades, fan guards and coil may require frequent cleaning. Do not use ammonia or other cleaning chemicals that are corrosive to copperor aluminum. The drain pan should be lowered for inspection and thoroughly cleaned to prevent buildup of foreign materials. Make sure the drain connection area is clean and clear. Make sure all motors and fans are in good operating condition. If uneven frosting of the coil is observed, look for air leaking into the room. Eliminate all air leaks for optimum evaporator performance and energy savings. Do not leave the access panels off after adjustment or service. The access panels should always be in place when the evaporator is operating. Keep cold room doors closed when possible.

TO INQUIRE OR ORDER REPLACEMENT PARTS

Telephone (256) 259 7400
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Fax (256) 259 7478

Provide the complete Model Number and Serial Number of the unit. Provide a detailed description of the part with any model, diameter, HP, or other markings. State the quantity you are ordering. Advise special shipping methods, routes, procedures, or instructions with ship to address. Provide complete and accurate data to insure prompt and accurate delivery. Compressors and compressor parts must be obtained from your local wholesaler.