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3.4 Calculating Energy Transfer

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7 views

3.4 Calculating Energy Transfer

Uploaded by

j.sivasundarampill
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

4 Calculating Energy Transfer

Objective
- Today, we will learn about how energy is transferred between two systems
and how to calculate the final temperature when two substances interact
thermally.

Heat Transfer Between Two Systems


- When two systems interact thermally, the heat lost by one system (q₁) is
equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the heat gained by the other
system (q₂). This relationship can be expressed as:

- Heat is transferred from the hotter system to the cooler system.


- The total heat transfer in an isolated system (no energy loss to surroundings)
is zero.

Example: Heat Transfer Between Two Systems


- Imagine you place a hot metal spoon into a cold cup of water. Over time:
- The spoon loses heat, causing it to cool down.
- The water absorbs heat, causing it to warm up.
- The heat lost by the spoon is exactly equal to the heat gained by the
water.
- Why does the water’s temperature increase more slowly than the spoon’s
temperature decreases? (Hint: Think about specific heat capacity.)
Problem: Cooling Glass with Water
Calculate the mass of cold water at 10°C needed to cool a 10 g piece of glass at 95°C
to 30°C.

Temperature of the Two Systems


- When two systems are in thermal contact and exchange heat, they eventually
reach a common final temperature. This can be calculated using:

- Variables:
- Tf: Final temperature of the two systems.
- m₁, m₂: Masses of the two systems.
- c₁, c₂: Specific heat capacities.
- Tᵢ₁, Tᵢ₂: Initial temperatures of the two systems.

Example: Temperature of the Two Systems


- You mix hot coffee with cold milk to make a café au lait. Initially:
- Coffee is at 80°C.
- Milk is at 5°C.
- After mixing, the coffee and milk reach a uniform temperature somewhere
between the two initial temperatures.
- The final temperature depends on the amount (mass) of coffee and milk and
their specific heat capacities.
- If there’s more coffee than milk, the final temperature will be closer to the
coffee’s initial temperature.
- If you mix equal volumes of coffee and milk, why does the final temperature
land exactly halfway between the initial temperatures?
Problem: Thawing Raspberries in Water
A 500 g package of frozen raspberries at -4.0°C is thawed in 2 kg of water initially at
40.0°C. Assuming the raspberries have a specific heat capacity of 3.50 J/(g·°C), what
is the final temperature (Tf)?

Conclusion
1. Heat Released = Heat Absorbed ensures conservation of energy.
2. The final temperature depends on the mass, specific heat capacity, and initial
temperatures of the systems.
3. These concepts are applied in real-life scenarios like cooking, cooling, and heating
systems.

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