gyno RATIC equarion An equation of the form ax? + bx-+¢=0, wh urns aa 0 called a quadratic equation in, JADRATIC EQUATION A real number exis ars ora! N uanber @. is called ic one A ae fae oben ‘root of the quadratic et fis a 001 oF ax” +bx-+0%=0, then we say that Ne (i) x = 0 satisfies the equation ax? +bx +c =0 or (ii) x = 0 is @ solution of the equation ax? +-bx +.¢ = ts of a quadratic equation a2? 2 vex, The 100 lratic equation ax? +br+0=0 an nol zeros of the polynomial ax? +bx +0. © called the INGA QUADRATIC EQUATION Solving a quadratic equation means finding solv its roots. SOLVED EXAMPLES vez Which ofthe following are quadratic equations? (2-5 =0 (i)? -5x46-0 Giz 2ax? x (io) +5 3 () x65 +2=0-(0i) 2x? Sea? 2043 souron (i) Clearly, (22-8) is a quadratic polynomial “2x? =5 =0is a quadratic equation. (ii) Clearly, (x? -5x-+ 6) is a quadratic polynomial. 3? -5x+6=0isa quadratic equation. 3 (iii) redex? > 2432 = -2x°-3=0. ‘And, (x? —x? —3) being a polynomial of degree3, itisnot quadratic. is not a quadratic equation. 3 Hence, x+— x =35 x¢¢1=3x" => xf-3x741=0. 415416 Secondary School Mathematics for Clags 19 N And, (x! ~ 3x" +1) isa polynomial of 4) Ls isnot Irati Saree #, = 3is nota quadratic caus), ves Wadratic equation, (v) (° -6V¥ 42) is not a quadratic Polyno, contains a term involving Vx, ten eM ll sing contains a term involving Vx, ie, 1%, where ce i Sop integer. 2 an v -6V¥+2=0is nota quadratic uation (vi) 20? Sy =? -2¥43 5 x -3x-3 =9, And, (x* ~3) being a quadrati given equation is quadratic. < Polynomia, the EXAMPLE 2 — Which of the following are the solutions of 23? 8x-3=99 @x=3 x=4 (iyx = SOLUTION The given equation is 2x7 ~5x-3=9, G) On substituting x = 3 in the given equation, we Bet: LHS = 2x 3? 5x 3-3 =(18-15-3) =0 =RHs, X= 3is a solution of 2x? 5y~3 =9, Gi) On substituting x = 4 in the given equation, we get: LHS = 2x 4? -5x4.3 =(32-20-3)=940, Thus, LHS + RHS. x= 4is not a solution of 2x7-5x—3 =0, (ii) On substituting x = 4 in the given equation, we get: Hest Pi ete eG y 15 =23(-1) -+(-3}-8 2 oh -(2G+o.4-2}-(2 2 See 5 is a solution of 2x’ —5x-3=0. EXAMPLES — Find the value of k for which x =2 isa solution of the equation he? +273 =0, i Q SOLUTION Since x =2 is a solution of kx? +2x-3 = 0, it must satisfy the equation. Hence, the required value of kisbeing a root of 3x4 —2my + ° 2mx 3+2n=0 2n=0, we have: 27 -om+2n=0 6m —2n = 27 On multiplying ( by 2 and subtracting the weget ying OY subtracting the result from (ii), 15 =15 > m= an n 3 ing m= 22 in (9,15 substituting m= in @), we gets n={2x77-6)=9 5 . Hence m= anda =9. SOLVING A QUADRATIC EQUATION BY. FACT ‘ORISATION Let the given quadratic equation be ax? +bx+¢=0. Let (ax? +bx+0) be expressible as the product of two linear expressions, say (px + 4) and (rx +s), where p,q, 7,s are real numbers such that p # Oandr + 0. Then, povbx+c=0 => (px+gexts)= 0 => (petg)=0 or (rx+s)=0 cuueres Solve: (i) (x+4)(2x-3) =0 (ii) 4x? 9x =0 sowution (i) (x + 4)(22-3) = 0 => (x44) =0 or (2x~3) =0 3 => x=-4orx=>: x or 2 Hence, -4 and ; are the roots of the equation (x4 4)(2x-3) s| Secondary § Wary Schoo! Mathematics for Class 10 we ‘ a (ii) ay? 9, 0 os x(4v-9) 0 at sya0 of Ay-9=0 ° Ss ye0 or t= y j Hence, 0 and 2 are the roots of the equation 437 9x = 0, a EXAMPLES Spine gx? —y 2 = by the factorisation metliod- ‘SOLUTION ox? -y~2=0 = 6x? -4x+ 3x-2=0 } = 2x(3x~2) +(34-2) #0 = (3x- 22x41) =0 = 3x-2=0 oF 2x+1=0 anche or a> tence, 2 and = are the roots of the equation 627 —x-2=9, 3 gi Solve 8x2 -22x-21=0by the factorisation method. poy -21 =0 => 8x7 -284+ 6x21 =0 sa => da(2x~7) + 3024-7) =0 = (2x-7)(4x +3) =0 => 2x-7=0 or 4x43=0 8x? ~ ered or eee. f 4 vice and 2 aretrootsof the equation "225-21 =1, exauies Solve 6x? +40 = 31x. SOLUTION Wehave: 6x7+40=31x => 6x*-31x+40=0 } => 6x7 =16x-15x +40 =0 => 2x(3x-8) -5(3x-8) =0 => (3x-8)(2x-5)=0 => 8x-8=0 or 2x-5=0 = xk orx=2 3 2: 8 aEe Hence, and are the roots of the equation 6x7 +40 =31eQuadratic Equati solve 4V3x7 15823 = 0) Vax (-2V3 4 ere 4 (-2V3) 24, aNd Bx (3 ee ene) 0 Mandaeey (3). a3? + 8x 3x fae ais and Be are the roots of the given equation. sotee t-te = tL 4,7 er GH 0 a i ane G+) @-7) 30 , ewes) (t+ 4)(x-7) 30 <1 i a (FF -3x-28) 30 a 1 [on dividing both sides by 11] 3 eee (-3x-28) 30 (2? -3x-28) =-30 [by cross multiplication] -3x42=0 = a?-2x-442-0 afee-2) (x2) =0 => (- 22-1) 0 x-2=0 or x-1=0 x=2 or x=1. ‘given equation. oat = 3 = > Hence, 1 and 2 are the roots of the &!Seconda daty School Mathematics for Class 10 = v4 3x92 gy? ed Hdy-5 20 = = a(r—5)4(r- 2 (x-5(x+1) =0 ‘a 0 or x+1=0 = x=5 or val a the roots of the given ed (ease 20080) uation. Hence, Sand ~Iar 2 x3) (a-3x)axt 9) =5e By roe? multiplication] 4Q—x- 6" =5X -12=0 ey t42x-a-2=0 6x7 + 6x (x+D(x-1)=9 ier 2=0 (et 2—(e+2) 20 => x4+2=0 oF x-1=0 2 or x=l _2and 1 are the roots of the given equation. Hence, Find. ie roots 1s equation: iL 1-9 pete ene ay ae G9)" 2 erie ss G@+3) | (2-2) e+) _, Gxcteer 3) S Gee 3x1) Ox¥9) < _Greq)_ | Grae) Ox+9) exoss multiplication! (ax-+ 27x +9) =1N(e+ 3)(2x—1) by Dix? + 41x +18 =11(2x7, +5x- 3)o09¢) (DOM +(x-2e~3) 49 se eee). (x-2)(x-4) 3 (2° -5x+4D +(x? -5x46) 19 (x? -6x+8) °F 10(x? 6x + 8) = 3(2x? 103+ 10) [by crosé multiplication] 10x? - 60x + 80 = 6x? - 30x + 30 4x? -30x+50=0 => 2x -15x 425-0 2x? -10x-5x+25=0 = 2x(x-5)—5(x-5)=0 (x-5)(2x-5) =0 x-5=0 or 2x-5=0 vuuvuuuy 5 =5 =-: a0 OE Hence, 5 and 2 are the roots of the given equation. ae-l) 218) .5, 29-35" {eBse 2004] xt 2x-1 2 = y the given equation bes Solve (2 comesSecondary School Mathematics for Chass 10 byey-3-0 yey ga > 2y" = uly = (y-a(ay+t)=0 = y-3=0 of 2yth=0 -1 Se ys3 oryeg case y=3 => > > ae 4 a casei y= ZF a3 2 => 22x-1) =-(t+ 3) = 5 are the roots of the given equation. Hence, ~10 and. 1 eis 1 LD peo xe ery sem Solve Tepe ab x bes Z a We have: : toa (aibym ab : = ee (a+b+x) xX x-(atb+x) bea = Zlathes bee wasb+x) ab a+b) _(a+b) 2 Marb+x ab = ——! _ 2+ [on dividing both sides by (a+)] xatb+x) ab = x(a+b +x) =-ab [by cross multiplication] => x +ax+bx+ab=0 oeTOs . xara) Hora) 0 4 (xan eb) = 0 pra 0 OF whe o yecw or Xs, pence, a and hare the roots of the BR) 52 *CBIVEN eatuagy catty BU 5) = 4, Wation, vt yl a We have: in 5 +5" L581] 5°.5 457 5% = 126 5 Bre =126 sy 2 =126, wheres sy 5y? -126y + 25=0 5y? -125y—y+25=0 Syly- 25) -(y —25) =0 (y-25)6y-1) = 9 y-25=0 of 5y-1=0 UXe.SLuy y 1 =25 => y=25 or ya— > 5F=25=5" or 5 =5* => x=2 of x=-1 Hence, 2 and —1 are the roots of the given equation. tommsst = EXERCISE 10A ‘Which of the following are quadratic equations in x? ?-243-0 (i) a3 x18 =0 (i) Be 7x2 5/3 =0 Guy harage2=o Weg. ip (i) a a ECS, CT REE SF ea[ | 424 Sceondaty School Mathematies for Class 10 2, Whieh of the ene 8 y2x-1=0? 1 (iii) ~ 3. Bind the value of & for which x#1 18 4 FO0t of the equation V4kr+3=0. 4, Find the values of a and b for w! nich x = 3 and x = —2are the roots of the equation ax? +bx -6 = 0. Solve each of the folloreing quadratic equatfons: 5. (3x~5)(2x4 3) =0 6, Sx? +4x=0 9, Se -26300 g. xt +1ax# 3520 40, 9x2 46x41 =0 12, 6 +11x+3-50 14. 3x7 -2x-1=0 46. 48x7-13x-1=0 48. 4x7-9x =100., 20. 15x” -2! 22, 9° ie 9. x? 218x-77 UU. 4x? 120490 13. 6x7 +x-12=0 15, 6x2 =e 2 0~ 7, Bx? 411x410 =O 39, 927-22 +8=0 21 4-2 = 32° 23, (3x 411x463 =0 25, 37x? +dx—v7 =0 27. NOx? -13x-2W16 =0 1 29. 10x-==3 x 31. abx? +? -ae)x—be 20 {OBSE 2005 32, 02x? +b?x ax -1 =O ai {CBSE 2008) 33, Labx* -(9a" -8b?)x—6ab = 0 {eBSE 2001 34. 4x? 2a? +D*)\x 40d? =0. [oBse 2008) 1 i ele 8 TEA * Deed ee | (x-3) (x43) 249 68 =, (#3, 3) 38. ———— “(e+3) (x-3) 7 i(CASE any (CBSE zany (CBSE amp. 1] cast, («2 3) “gar 0 b g 77437 510 peg?) 210 3.2 432=0 ANSWERS (EXERCISE 10A) 1.6), Gi), Git), (iv), Wi) 2x = and x= Bk=nd lee bad B.x= 2 oryn 3 6.2=0orx=7t 3 5 —lt=9orr=_9 8.x=-5orx=-7 9.2=1lorx=7 he : tye! 3 3 eS Mx =1orx=—t 1B.x=2 oye . eS wen a 30° 2 25 12.4% =—2orx=—> IBS Cored 1 Plaka, 623.x = -aVF ore - 299 3 28. x 7 ony ad 28.¥ =Sorx shventorya£ 4 i « v shy — oes 38.x=lorxs2 Bxz-dorx=2 38x =60r¢0.40 4 B sox-Sorx-2 at xe5orzek 3 2 3 a3.x=-Lorx=—2 a4 x= 107 _~ 2 5 “4 1 1 s2-— torent 46.x=(a+b) or x= A(a+b mS z (a+b) 3 ) (a+b) 2 L a AT. x= orx=———~ 48,x=-2orx=0 49, x= eae Pe 50.x%=2orx=3 < = 19. 9x —22x4 B= 9x" 18x dx 4 8 = 9x(2-2)- 4x2) 27. 6x? — 18% ~2V6 =0 Sees => Af6r? 16243226205 2 ¥ =e aW2x(/3x - 242) + VB(V3x = 22) =0 = (J3x~ 2V2)(4Vix+ 13) =0. = xf 288 M8 NB. 31. abx? + bx —aex~be=0 = balax + b)~ da => (ax bbx~c) aaoe BP 3a)+ amabs ~ 3a) = 0. 1b) = 0. tal ax-(atb) | : ae er ad by=0 (a+b) a alee Berea y ag ttegiven esuation > fetes 2 3 =0 Cs) (bx =), 0. ee ee + sa): i QUADRATIC FORMULA Cusider the quadratic equation ax” +b* 4620 __inbers and a # 0. Then, a? +bx+0= oO > ox +b:428 Secondary Schoo! Mathematica for Class 10 b b 2 Lp 2 2 + ta 1) fadaingl 2 on both sie Qa a 2a} i 2a Sides] 4 I prs F wie a ae ac) 4 u © when (b? dae) > 0 “| 2 = ta = dae 2a 2a xb Vb dae | 2a This is called the quadratic formula or Stréedharacharya's rule, Thus, ax* +by+¢=Ohas two roots wand, given by ~baviF 4a6 aonb hac 2a a and pa a = B DISCRIMINANT For the equation ax? +bx+¢=0, the expression D ae tae) is called the discriminant. ANIMPORTANT NOTE The roots of a sbrtee =0 are real only When ( ~4ac) >0. 5 Taking (b* ~4ac) =D, the roots of ax? wees are giaby —bevD snd peeve tie la SOLVED EXAMPLES” BANPLET Show that the equation 9x" 47x 0 has real roots ae sate SOLUTION The given equation is 9x24.7x =2=0. Comparing it with ax? +bx 4c =0, we get;9 and —Lare the roots of the given equaties Show that the equation x? 46% + 6 =0 hasreal roots EXAMPLE? ‘The given equation is x? 46x46 <9, OLUTION Bid solos Comparing it with ax? +bx4¢ = a=1,b=6 and c=6, D =(b* —4ac) =(36-4%1x 6) =12 >0, So, the given equation has real roots, given by _ab+vD | (232) ore, 2e 5-0 ( =f) 2 0, we get: B Qa =(-3-Vv3). Hence, (-3+¥3) and (-3-V3) are the roots of the given equation. Show that the equation 2x? +5/3x+6=0 has real roots and solve it, soluTion ‘The given equation is 2x? +5/3x+6 =0. Comparing it with ax? +-bx +c =0, we get: a=2,b=5V3 and c=6. D =(b? —4ac) =[(6V3)? -4x 2x 6] =(75-48) =27 >0. So, the given equation has real roots, given by =b+VD _-5V34V27 _ -5V3 4 3V3 _ =f, Hence, eo and ~2¥ are the roots of the given equation. SAMPLES — Solve 36x aT +P rh a0. SOLUTIONBxavete s SOLUTION Second “condary School Mathematics for Class 10 Compari Paring with Ax? 4 Ry sc 0, we Ret Ta and C= (7 ~b?) « AC) = [(- 12 ay? be 3G» (@ —B?) = 144? 2 9, So, the given equation has real roots, given by an 1 _ida4 Viadh® _ 120 12b (ab) ~~ (2x 36) 72 6 B 12a—Viadb? _ 12a~12b _ (ab) 2A (2x36) 72 6 Hence, @+9 and 6 (2 are the roots of the given equation 3 ‘ Solve 9x7 9a + D)x-+ (2a? +5ab + 267) =0. {C88 2004, The given equation is ox? —9(a-+b)x+(2a" +5ab + 2b?) = 0. Comparing it with Ax? + Bx +C =0,we get: A=9, B=-a+b) and C =(2a? +Sab +2b?). D =(B? -4AC) =81(a+b)? 4x 9x (2a? + 5ab + 2) = Bla? + 81h? +162ab -72a? lena) ~ 72 = 9a" +9b? -18ab- Z = 9a? +b? =2ab) = 9a=b)? 2 0.. So, the given equation has real roots, given by B+vD _ a+b) +J9a-b) -9(a+b)+3(a-B) 2A (2x9) 18 (120+ 6b) 6(2a+b) _ (a+b) 18 (ey aoe p= BD _ Ya+0)~J9a-b)? _ 9(a+b)-3(0-b) (2x9) 18 = (604128) _ 6(a+ 2b) _(a+2b) 18 Ages ae fence, “2+ 2) (20-6) and (2+28) 3 and arate the roots of the. oun equationopty? (4b qty ea 2 —(4b* — - ‘Matio, \ oe wrx Bae aq 1 ion aI , he given equation is a wey Ab" ~30'\x 194249 (St aon : comparing HWiAY Rye” i ~ 0,0 Aaah’, B= 4b" 3 qty | «3 eget 1D =(B° -4AC) 4b), ane 120% =(3a° 4d") — 4992 120°b?) 8 8 = 90" +16" 24048 + agatys =9a* +1608 + 2da'y! =(3a")? + (40°)? 49% 3@! x Ab! =(3a" +4b*)? > 0, Hence, the given equation has real To ots, given b: apa BEND 0" 3438 ait 2A 2a°p? oR a ab’ 2 and pecBaND (Wt ~30") (8a 446) ger i 1 2a°b? © ae 4h 3a" Hence, oe and ee are the roots of the given equation. “= ~~ EXERCISE 10B fud the discriminant of each of the following equations: Lt -74+6=0 2. 3x*=2x+8=0 hi? -5V2x44=0 4, 13x? +22x-23 =0 Vere ae? 6. x7 =4x-¢ Scothat each of the following equations has real roots, and solve each by “ithe quadratic formula: Mespean npe 8a #309 © 16, 1Rw? 28 = ¥ rads 8a TR V6x ~ 2he et 19 2B 5-0 20. 2x? -2Véer dag 2 Va oy 8/3 =0 2. Oy? 4-9 wa? 4 Say ah? = 0,020 Pat ep? 2 w.x=2orxaZ fostconyt idle aniuratoy Aa mare 25, x =(a+b) or P sea Wiacng ie spake OF HEROOTS OFA UA ay : 16 perthesiveneattation deny? ‘ on jegiver BYP =O 400). Ang eng is -b+vD bovp ae and B = = vb gh When D >0 : cas s case, the roo! inthis 6, UNE TOOTS ae jay he and mst T yy and p= is casell. When D =0 | inthis case, the roots are n (-h) Each root="—- eal and eonay When D <0 case Il Inthis case, the roots are imaginary Y and we 0 real roots. Say that has n "he Biven equation SUMMARY pes Value of D te ‘ture of roots D>0 Real and unequal | D=0 Real and equal Each toot 3 | a fa D<0 No real roots None ‘| SOLVED EXAMPLES SAELEL Find the nature of the roots of the quadratic custo 40 -5x4+3=0. SOLUTION ‘The given equation is 4x” -5x+3=0. jandc=3. Thisis of the form ax? +bx +c = 0,wherea=4,b=~ 2-30. aaa) =|(-5f ~4x 48 9-05 8- its. ¥ given oS ae i ae ren rots al fil434 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 3 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 4 SOLUTION Secondary School Mathematics for Class 10 6x1 3=0. The given equation is 2v Qb= Gande=4, This is of the form ay? «by ye =O, where a ~ D = (0? ane) =[(-6)? 4% 2% 3] = (36-24) =12>0. So, the given equation has real unequal roots: ormula, we have: Solving 21° —6y + 3 = O by quadratic fo ~SA08 ye 4 go, 8429) and (3-8) are the roots of the given equation. mn} Find the_ nature of the roots of the quadratic equation 3x? -4V 3x44 = Oand hence solve it. ‘The given equation is 3x” 43x44 =0. This is of the form ax” +bx +c =0, where a= 3,b=—4¥3 and cad. D=(b?~4ac) =[(-4V3)? -4x 3x 4] = (48-48) = 0. This shows that the given quadratic equation has real and equal roois. : 4¥3_ _2V3 ch root =— = =. ae oe Each root = aoe Hence, aa and a are the roots ofthe given equation. Find the values of k for which the quadratic. equation 2x? + hox-+ 3 =0 has two real equal roots. The given equation is 2x? + kx +3 =0. This is of the form ax’ +bx +c =0,wherea =2,b =kande=3. D =(6* ~4ae) =(K?—42%3) =( 28, For real and equal roots, we must have: 2 D=0>h -24=05k? => Hence, 26 and -2¥/wo “oY For Quadratic Panay t les of Lg , vind Ure eel for awh j 0 ke DEO OMS VAL HAL MM date, rhe giveN eIATION I ag Voting mhisisof the forma? py. , \ O.where» D=(h? —Aae) = (OK? 4s 5 « 9) < (gp Vit For real and equal roots, we D=0= 9k? — 36k MUSt have. =0=5 ORR) 9 , Hence, Oand 4 are the requited vaty ep Oke alues of I-A 0 100! of the equation 32 + pq aa, the e P4preq= me 4=0 and Papetg OFS enue oot, fit the sates gy ‘tiation 4. since “isa Fo0t of 7 + p40, we have CY +PA) 420 dp ars yg Now, the roots of x? 4 pr+ 9=0being equal, we h | we have: P4920 349-0 49-95 9 9. 4 Hence, p=3 and mp Find the values of k for which the given equation has real and equa roots. @ 4x°-3kx+1=0 (ii) (k-12)x? + 2(k -12)x42=0 (ii) Px? -2(k-1)x+4=0 (i) The given equation is 4x? - 3kx+1=0. D=(9k? -4x 4x1) =(9k? -16). For real and equal roots, we must have: D =0. 6 4 Now, D =0=> 9k? 16 = 09 = kat 4 Hence, k= 4 ork = qn The given equation is (k-12)x7 + k-12x#2=0 (ii)EXAMPI SOLUTION igsa 10 Secondary Scho! Mathematics (or C199" H 5 4(k =26k +168) = 0 5K =26k + 168-0 12k +169 = Now,D=0 a> k?-14k a ke 18) 1a 4 => (k-14) (K-12) = => katdork=12 4) 20 Hence, k =14 oF k= 12 fk “Dx = 0 wise @ ii) The given equation is pe patatk 1-161 = HE ~ay 4 N= ae 2k ~ 3k). a DD =0. For real and equal roots, WE must have’ o> (2k 347) =0 2 aerDGk-D =o = kelork=3- Hence, k =~1 or jon (a—b)x? +0 -O)¥ +(C =a) =Oare equal, Ifthe roots of the equation (4 prove thatb +c = 20. (esse The given equation is(a—b)x? +@ =ox+(c-a) =0- D=~0)? —4a—b)(c- a) For real and equal roots, we must hav Now,D =0=> 6-0? —4(a-b)(e-a) =0 | = da? +b? +c? —Aab + 2be—Aac =0 \ 3 (20)? +b? 4 0? + 2( Dab + be + 2e(-2a) =0 > (-2a+b+ oc) =0= ~2arb+e=0 e e:D =0. \ =>b+ce=2a, Prove that both the roots of the equation (x=0)(x-b) +(x-b)(x 0) +(x —0)(x-a) = 0 are real but they are equal only when a =b The given equation may be written as 3x? =22(a+b +0) +(ab +-be-+ ca) =0. D =4(a+b +0)’ -12(ab +be + ca)£20) —2ab Be — 9.5) a) OY (ema |>¢ (bY 20,6 6? x94, pws that both the roots of the given Nd (egy 9 his shows SVEN Cation are ge squal rools, We Must have: 1D — 9 al ore , : no D=0 > (Ab) Hb cP 4 ( -ay =9 = (@-b)=0, @-0)=0 ana (ca) => a=b=¢ once, the roots are equal only when a =) —, Find the positive value of k for which the equations x 4 fy 6 yi -8x +k =O will have real roots, : Qa d=) and ve real Lot D, and D, be the discriminants of the given equation: ations respectively. For real roots, we must have: D,> 0 and D, 0. Now, D,20andD, 20 = (R-4x64)20 and (64~4k) 20 => 2256 and 4k <64 » k216 and k<16 > k=16. Hence, k=16, japest Hind the values of k for which the Siven equation has real Toots: kx’ -~6x—-2=0 (ii) 8x74 224k =0 (iii) 22 +hr+2=0 wmv (i) The given equation is kx? ~6x —2 = 0. D=[(-6? -4xkx(-2)]=(36 +88). The given equation will have real roots ifD 20. Now, D>0= 3648k 20>k 2 kee. (i) The given equation is 3x? +2 4 k=0. D=(2?~4% 3x k) =(4-128). The given equation will have real roots if D > 0. 1 Now, D>05 4-12k 20> 12k <4 ks2- Gil) The given equation is 2x? +kx+2=0. al roots if D 2 0. 2>16i= k24orks-4438 Secor 5 ‘condary School Mathematics far Class 10 EXAMPLE 12 Sj ei BV 47x48 XAMPLE 12 Show that the on 3x? of x. he equation 3x? 47x 4 § = Gis nat trite for any real wale SOLUTION The given equation is 3x? 47.01 8 = 0 D=(7 4x 9x8) (49-96) = 47 < So, the given equation has no real roots: Consequently, the given equation jg not true for any real value ofx. EXAMPLE 1g Show that the equation 2(e" + pasta rarbpxel =0 has 10 reat roots, when a *b. SOLUTION The given equation is 20 + pryx? + yarbxt1=0. p=4(a+b)? -87 +b”) nag? +0? ~2ab) =A son has no teal roots, when 4# b —by <0, whena-b #0. So, the given equal expres Without solving the given equation, comtment upon ‘the nature of its roots: (2x? -5x-4=0 G15? -T1x+3=0 (ii) 9x7 6x41 =9 Go) ex? +kx+1=0 SOLUTION (i) The given equation ig 2x7 -Sx—4=0. D=[(-5) -4%2% (-4)] = (25 + 82). =87 > 0. D>0- rere So, the roots of the giversequation ate real and. unequal. (i) The piven equation is 5x" “ties 3 =0. Da{(-11)? -4x15% 3) = (121 -180) = 59 <0- So, the given equation has no real roots. (iii) The given equation is 9x? 6x41 =0. D ef? 4x9 «11 = (36-36) =0. So, the given equation has real and equal roots. (iv) The given equation isk?x? +kx+1=0, Dai -4k xj=-3k <0. be kis positivel: So, the given equation has no real roots. |i Fauian EXERCISE 10¢ j oft Folens CHHALIONS fgg both sonpe oman wi’ avi to=0 2x by, wee sys de 0 4 be Sma oy , 6x49 o2von 1 2=0 6 De? as, 0 © gow that the FOOIS OF the equation 42 “age, ‘ jalues of and Qe ; * 1681 for alt peat «snow that he eAAHION Tg yg sy And distinct roo ST values of for al chow that the equation x? 9, Sho *#2=0 has no reat Toots, sind the values of k for which the equation fy? i fin distinct F00TS- 2°10 cal ang nse reas” St SN ote tng », Find the value of « for which the equation 2 (a-12)x7 +c -12)x+2=0 as equal roots. va ifthe equation (+ m?)2? + 2mex + (0? 42) <0 hag equal roots, prove that? =2(L +m). 14, the roots of the equation (c? —ab)x? = 2(q? ~be)x-+(0? ~ae) <0 ate real and equal, show that either @~=0 or (a? +6 + 6°) = 34bq 15. Find the values of k for which the roots of 937 + 8kx +1620 are real and equal. [CBSE 2001) ie Find the values of k for which the roots of the equation (eed)? +(k-41)x-41 50 are real and equal. [CBSE 2000cy 11. For what values of k are the roots of the quadratic equation Sy 42427 = 0 real and equal? * {CBSE 20080] | ANSWERS {EXERCISE 10C) 1 | bs %No 3.Yes 4.No 5. Yes 6. Yes 10. Allreal values ofk <1 PSRip>Borp <8) 12.0 =14 15.k=30rk=-3 16,k =5ork=-3 | 900k = 9 hen440, Secondary § dary School Mathematics for Clase 10 LECTED QUESTION 4), y= 0 3 (a= My =0. Dao = D=0 Ss te 1. Deano 4 wa ~6h = (por) or EP 0 > Ka 12K WORD PROBLEMS ON QUADRATIC EQUATIONS SOLVED EXAMPLES of a number and its reciprocal ig 0. Find the number. ease 20010) EXAMPLE 1 — The sum SOLUTION Let the required number be x. Then, y B(x? +1) = 10x 3x? -10r+3=0 E 3x? -9x-2+3=0 : 3x(1-3)-(x-3) = 0 5 (e-33x-=9 x-3=0 or 3x-1=0 | ee UUURYEYY L =3 or xEp * 3 Hence, the required number is 3 or oh Divide 12 into to parts sich that the sum oftheir square sm. [CBSE 2002¢) Let the required parts be sand (12 »).Then, +20 $74” BOS sa 2x? 24x 4-70 =0 : x 12x. wt -7x-5x+95=0 SOLUTION UuuUSYoe pon souution sees Sou Quadra Hie Eanations ~7=0 oF x5 oy or x=5, Henee, the required par, ‘ANIS are 7 and 5. The sum of fv Mumbers 15 avd t he sion o Find the numbers, "MOF Meir ro ‘proce Let the required numbers be cae, em ers be x and (15 “39. Then 2 15 x (15~. (I5-a)4x 3 a aS = 3x(15~x) =150 Iby cross multiplicatio, = 3x°-45x415050 = P5i450c0. => x° 10x52 +50 =0 => (810) ~5( 19) 2 @AM-H=0 > x40—0 o nage” 2 x=10 or x * Hence, the required numbers are 5 and 10, The sui of the squares of two consecutive natural numbers is 421 Find the numbers. tas. ain Let the required natural numbers be x and (+1). Then, 4 (x41)? =421 3 242x-420=0 > P4x-21020 = x +15e-Ldx-210=0 > x(2415)—14(r+415)-0 (x415)(x-19 =0 => x+15=0 or x-14=0 > 15 or x= 14, But, -15 is not a natural number. Hence, the required numbers are 14nd 15. ‘The sum of the squares of two consecutive odd numbers is 394, Find the numbers. {CBSE 2009) Let the required odd numbers be x and (x+2).Then, x +(x+2)? = 394 2x? 44x 390 =0 => x7 +2x-195 =0 - = 4 15x—13x-195=0 > ux+15)-13(r+1 5 s = 5) =0 (415)(-18)=0 = r¥15=0 or x-B=0 *=-15 or x res BEGAMPLE S SOLUTION SOLUTION Secondary School Mathematics for Class 10 are 15 and ~13. ig and 15. ) or (13 and 15). Y=-15 =5 the required numbers x 3 => the required numbers are Hence, the required numbers are (15 and -13) of two numbers is 180° ‘The square of the The difference he diference of squares or uber Find the tuo murders. smaller number is 8 times tt dd numbers be x and y such that * > ¥- Let the require Then, x ~y? =180. And, y? = 8x. From (i) and (ii), we get? x? -8x-180 =0 > xt-18x4+10x-180=0 => (x-18)(x+10)=0 = x-18 = x=18orx=—10. xe18 = y° =(8*18) =14 = y=l2ory=-12 = [8x (~10)] =--80, which is not possible. (i) x. x(x 18) + L0(x —18) =0 =OQorx+10=0 Now, Also, x=-10 => y? Hence, the numbers are (18 and 12) or (18 and ~12). A two-digit number is 5 times the sum of its digits and is also equal to 5 snore than twice the product of its digits. Find the number. [CBSE 20040) Let the tens and units digits of the required number be x andy respectively. Then, e Wxty=S(e+y) = 4y=5r = yk 6 10x+y=2xy =5 => toys 2 =x 845 Ipsing @) u 10x? —45x+20=0 2x? 9x44 =0 2 2x? —8x-x44=0 2x(x=4) -(2=4) =0 (x~4) (2x=1) =0 X-4=0 of 2 YUE EDSY =4 op y_ 2 S4e4 I a digit cannot ia Ms Fraction putting Y=4i0 (7), we gery ~ yedand y=5, Henee, the required number ie 45 1 rwo-digil nuwnber is such that th git e ProWuct of its digits oaissubtmcicd from the number, thei ier th 18. When s ange their plac (CBSE 2poqc} SHS of the required number b rand er and y he Find the member. Let the tens and units di, eu ospectively. Then, w=18 > y= 4 y And (10x+y)~63 = 10y +x = 9x-9Y=63 > x-y=7 . 18 teas Hi Patting y === from (i) into Gi), we get = x-18=7x > x? -7x-18=0 > => x°-9x4+2x-18=0> 4(x~9)+ 2(x~9) 20 > (t-9(X+2)=0 => x-9=0 or ¥42=0 1 > xr=9 orx=-2 3 > x=9 [+ a digit cannot be negative]. Putting x =9 in (i), we get: y=2. Thus, the tens digit is 9-and the units digit is 2. Hence, the required number is 92. The denominator of a fraction is one more than twice the numerator. mapleg If the sum of the fraction and its reciprocal 238, find the fraction. [CBSE 2002C) | Let the numerator of the required fraction be x. Then, its denominator =(2x +1). ; (2x41) and its reciprocal = : fraction = —* (2x41) —* _, Qurt) 58 | ” Ey ee aTEXAMPLE 10 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 14 SOLUTION Secondary lematics for Class ‘condary ‘lary School Mathematies for I lates for Class 10 We fye 21 : FOr asad) SUNY bay etre? 45 te T= 16x? 1 58x ~26y~21 <0 tty? So N= 38K 47x21 =O = 1x0 -3)+70-3) <0 (W~INUiv47) <0 = x-3=0 or 1x47 =0 X=3 [+ numerator cannot be negative fraction}, required fraction = ay ‘The age of a man is twice the square ofthe age of his son. Eight yes Irene, the age of te man will be Ayyenrs more than three tines the agy of his son, Find their present ages. (cee mn Let the present age of the son be x years. ‘Then, the present age of the man is (2x") years. (2x2 +8) = 3x4 8) +4 2x? -3x-20=0 => 2x*-8x+5x—20=0 * Ox —4) +(x 4) =O => (x-A(2x+5)=0 x-4=0 or 2x45=0 uyudue u x=4 [+ age cannot be negative]. son’s present age = 4years, and man’s present age = (2% 4’) years = 32 years. 7 years ago Varun’s age was five times the square of Swati’s age. S years hence, Swati's age will be two-fifth of Varun’s age, Find ther present ages. [CASE 2008¢] rs and y years Let the present ages of Varun and Swati be x yea respectively. 7 years ago, Varun’s age= (x-7) years. 7 years ago, Swati’s age = (y-7) years. 3(y-7)? =(&-7) > By? —14y +49) =2-7 => By? -70y +252 =*| ues a sO Quadratic 5 ua 3 years henee, Vary years hene V very Axe y yo Gyo) Sys ay Puting Me VARICOL roy gy 2 from iyi Sy? -70y 4.25; 145 y+ 495 = 2974.99 = 4 = wy ~18y-Lly +99 <9 > IWy-9)-Uy~9 <9 Y-92y-1 .5 > 920 OF YM =O 25 yng oe y ML = y=9 [r4ecingy =] ay ee Putting y=9in (i), we get: OX 949) _54 2 2 Varun’s present age =27 years, and Swali’s present age =9 years, A train travels 288 kan at a uniform speed If the pent km/hr more, it would have taken 1 hour ‘ame ad Find the speed of the train, | ibeeaney Let the speed of the train be x km/hr. Time taken to cover 288 km atv km/hr =2°8 ius, i 88 Time taken to cover 288 km at (x +4) km/hr ‘ea hs, +4) 288° 288 _ * GD 288(x+ 4) -288x.= x(x-+4) \ 2x +4x-1152 =0 x? + 36x-32x-1152 =0 X(x+ 36) — 32(x + 36) = 0: (e+ 36) 32) 20 4) | cigeiey ¥UHUEEXAMPLE 19 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 14 SOLUTION Secondary Secondary Schoo! Mathematics for Class (0 43650 oF x a2=0 > or x= 32 fev 4-36, as speed eannot be negative), Hence, the speed of the train is 32 Kem / be. An aeroplane left 30 minutes tater that 6 schedtled Uinte amd i order to reach its destination 1500 ken aeoay Im tithe, ik tad to incrense ils speed by 250 kn /he from iS srsual spend. Determine its nesta speed, {ASE ong Let the ustial speed be x kmph- Actual speed =(x +250) kmph. 1500) Yime taken at usual speed =|“) 1500 ‘Time taken at actual speed (255) 1 Difference between the two times taken ~ 3 h. 1500__1500__} xy e250 2 i Bee F250) 3000 xa250-x_ “y+ 250) 3000 0 e+ 250) 3000 > xx+250) = 750000 => x +250x~750000=0 > a? +1000x -750x =750000 =0 25 x(or $1000) -750(x +1000) = 0 > > > u 4g (¢+1000)(x-750) = 0. x=-1000 or x=750 x=750 [+ speed cannot be negativel. Hence, the usual speed of the aeroplane is 750 km/hr. Ina flight of 6000 km, an aircraft was slowed down due to bal weather: The average speed for the trip was reduced by 400 kamph and the time of flight increased by 30 minutes. Find the origi! duration of the flight. Let the original speed be x kmph. Then, reduced speed =(x-400) kmph. |Phe uration of Higasy ap TENE IN 0 chpay f 6000 6000 4 (v-400) toy (y= 400)" 12009 y=(%=400) y x40) “12999 . 400) "R099 = x~400) = 4800000 2 2 ~ 400x — 4 = ¥°-2400x-+ 20005 ~4800000 ~ 9 * 4850009 4 = xx-2400)+ 2000(x~2409) = 9 => (x-2400)(x + 2000) = 9 = ¥-2400=0 or 4200929 => r=2400 or x=-2909 = * speed cannot be Negative). original speed = 2400 kmph, original duration of the flight “distance speed (8000), a -(Gip) 9-2 A motorboat whose speed in still water is 5 kam /hr, takes 1 hour more to go 12 km upstream than to return downsiream to the same {CBSE 20090) Spot. Find the speed of the stream. S01N Speed of the motorboat in still water =5 km/hr. | Let the speed of the stream be x km/hr, Then, speed upstream = (5 x) km/hr, Speed downstream = (+2) kin/hr. eli Time taken to go 12 km upstream = 6-» 12 Time taken to cover 12 km downstream = Gr)Secondary School Mathematics for Class 10 a) eo 6) Bry"! = 2 2 6-1) Gy °° > 125 + x)-12(5 ~ x) -(25-37) = 0 x 42x25 xP 4 25y=1=25=0 u(x + 25) -(x + 25) = 0 => (x425)(x-1) => 1425-0 or x-1=0 => x=-25 or x=1 => x=1 [vx #-25,since speed cannot be negative]. . speed of the stream = 1 km/hr. ExAMeLe 18 Suni of the areas of tuo squares is 260.m”, Ifthe difference oftheir perimeters is 24m, then find the sides of the two squares. ele [CBSE 20080) sowution Let the sides of the two squares be a metres and b metres. ui ‘Then, their areas are (a) m® and (b*) m? respectively. ‘And, their perimeters are (4a) m and (4) m respectively. 4q~4b =24 => A(a—b) = 24 = a-b=6 = b=(a~6) =) Sum of their areas = 260m’. a? +b? =260 @+(a-6)? = 260 [using (i)] 2a? 120-224 = 0. => a? -6n-112 =0 @ 144+ 8a-112=0 aa-14) +8(a-14) =0 => (a=14)(a+8) =0 4-14 =0 or a+8=0 > d=l4 or a=-8 a=14 [+ side of a square cannot be negative]. 4 a=ldandb=(14-6) =8, lence, the sides of the squares are 14 m and 8 m respectively. E st Thediagonal ofa rectangular field is 60m more than the shorter side. Ifthe longer side is 30 m more than the shorter side, find the sides of Higyietd. ~ (epse 2008¢1 UUUUNYs0LUTION SOLUTION Qhadhatic f Let ABCD be the . et BC = piven Fectangular ¢ Let BCs xmettes, Then, an ae field and diagonal AC — BS 20) m X* 60) n From tight AABC, we ha . " AC? = AB? 4 BC? (8+ 60% = (v4 30)? 42 v +120% + 3600 = 237 + 60x.4.999° = 60x ~2700 = : a 700=0 => 47-90 + 30x -2799 - a ) + 30( 90) =0 => (x-90)(x.4 39 : x-90=0 or ¥+30=0 = x=90 or ‘a x=90 ™ [- length of any side of a rectangle cannot be negati BC =90.m and AB =(90+ 30) m= 120m. ees <. Tength = 120 mand breadth = 90 m. A rectangular field is 20 m long and 14m wide. There i h J . There equal width all around it, having an area of 111 sqm. Fide i of the path. Let the width of the path be x metres. 20m Length of the field including the path =(20+2x)m. Breadth of the field including the path =(144+22) m. “Azea of the field including the path =(20-+2s)(14+2s) m’. “Area of the field excluding the path =(20% 14) m? =280 my. the area of the path = [(20++ 2x)(14+ 2x) ~ 260] m’. jm 4 u (20 + 2a)(14 + 2x) - 280 =111 4x? + 68x-111=0 4x? + 74x—6x-111=0 2x(2x + 37) - 3(2x+ 37) =0 (2x + 37)(2x-3) =0 ot op x=2 2 2 5 [i width can never be negativel-; # schol Mathematics for Case Exe we 71 vag crm if tte base of the 28 The anew of right tran sc eines af Me triangle exceeds the altitude by b0.cm F triangle xem ~ SOLUTION Let the altitude of the triangle P Then, its base =(x + 10) -™ aie 10. ¢ Area of the triangle 1 Tyg +10) = 600 aa ) a(x4 10) = 1200 x? 10x —12000 x? 4 40x-30¥ 1200 = atx edgy 3060 49) 20 kere ot 290 / fe altitude cannot be negative]. ihe triangle +30. triangle = (30-+40) cm ied triangle is 6 con more than twice puoueUL “Thus, the altitude of ‘And, the base of the =40cm. suns 20 The hypotenuse of a right-ang' = estore! sie. Ife third side #8 2.0m Jess than the hypotenuse, find the sides of the triangle. {cBSE 2007) co.uion _ Letthe length of the shortest sidebe xem. ‘Then, the hypotenuse = (2+ 6) cm. ‘And, the third side =(2x+ 6-2) em= (2x44 em. By Pythagoras’ theorem, we have: (2xt6 a H(2n4e 4)? => x? —8x-20=0 => x -10x+2x-20=0 : | x(¢-10)+2(x-10) =0 \ (x =10)(x+2)=0 | x=10 or x | a 10 ee Length of the hypotenuse =(2x46)em=26 em. Length of the third si itd side = Hence, . bob vu the sides of the t (26-2) em =24 em, he triangle are 10 em, 1, 26.cm and 24 em.oun Quadratic Equations 451 qo water taps together can fill a tank ing? hours 1 oy takes rs 8. Th diameter takes 10 hours tess than the srtiey gy n Mp of larger sly. F ¢ le separately. Pid the tie-in which ene tap on 0 fill the tang separately y fill the tank. {6856 295) Let the smaller tap fill the tank in x hrs, Then, the larger tap fills it in (x~10) hrs, Time taken by both together to fill the tanke= 75 =? hrs, 8 part filled by the smaller tap in thr = 4. x J Part filled by the larger tap in 1 hr= part filled by both the taps in 1 b= 3. (x-10)+x 8 _, (2x-10)_ 8 x(e-10) 7 x(e—-10) 75 752-10) =8x(x-10) [by-cross multiplication] 150x - 750 = 8x -80x 8x? =230x+750=0 => 4x°-115x+375=0 4x2-100x-15x+375=0 => 4x(x-25)—15(2-25) (x-25)(4x-15)=0 => x-25=0 or 4x-15=0 > = > > > = #£=25 or 2 4 x2 > (x-10) <0} x=25 bs Hence, the time taken by the smaller tap to fill the ay = 25 hrs. And, the time taken by the larger tap to fill the tan 2 e = (25-10) hrs = 15 hrs. Ife extends his tour 70, Find the u aie on tour has & 4200 for his expenses © for 3 de ses by lays, he has to cut down his ay ve uy jose 7006) original duration of the four. a el, Let 4200 4200 aah EB LU Gae or Tea sare EEXAMPLE 29 SOLUTION SOLUTION u 80 => x7 + 3x-180=0 x 15y=12"-180 <0 = x +15) 120+ 15) = 0 (x4 15)(x-12) 30 = +15 x=-15 or x=12 y=12 fF: number of days cannot be negative} original duration of the tour is 12 days. mf the marks obtained by P in mathematics and Inacio he ard ar Jess in science, the product of marks obtained in the two subjects spould have been 180. Find the marks obtained by hin in the to subjects separately. (ose ane, Suppose P gets x marks in mathematics and y marks in science, Then, e4y=28 (i) Again, (x+ 3)(y—4) =180 Gi) Putting y =(28—x) from (3) in Gi), we get: (e+ 3)(28-x-4) =180 (+ 3)(24-x) =180 ax? 4 21x +72 =180 x? -21x+108=0 = (x-12)(x-9) =0 x-12=0 or x-9=0 5 x=12 or ¥=9. Now,x=12 = y=(28-12) =16 and x=9 > y=(28-9)=19. either he got 12 marks in mathematics and 16 marks in science =0 or x-12=0 “eUUUSE uuuy or he got 9 marks in mathematics and 19 marks in science. A takes 6 days less than the time taken by B to finish a piece of work. If both A and B together can finish it in 4 days, find the time taken by B to finish the work. Suppose B alone takes x days to finish the work and A alone can finish it in (x~6) days, Bis 1 day's work =4. 2work A’s 1 day (A+ BYs Tday’swork =! I ' | ¥~6 6) 4 ‘ y (x6) Wee > BY 2 ay? 4, 4v4 9424 => w-12y Dy 6 24 <9 MO=12) ~ 2012) <4 (X= 12)(v~2) <9 ‘ = ¥=12 or v=2, ‘ But, x cannot be less than 6. x=12. Hence, B alone can finish the work in 12 days EXERCISE 10D , she sum of two numbers is 8. Determine the numbers, if the sum of their reciprocals is Ee ican 2 Thedifference of two numbers is 4. If the difference of their reciprocals s i find the numbers. (CBSE 2008] | } Thesum of two numbers is 18 and the sum of their reciprocals ist Find the numbers, {case 2008) n ithe difference of two numbers is 5 and the difference of their reiprocals is (4) Find the numbers. [0BSE 2007] yy Mesum ofa number and its reciprocal is oe “Find the number. B Digaess z : ee 57 into two parts whose product is 782. ® _'nd two consecutive positive multiples of 3 whose product is 270. a i squares: ne Consecutive positive even integers, the sum of whose 84! ‘ Team of, sql ave ie > Find the number. umber andsgecandiary Setioot Mativematies for Class 10 vend its positive square root is Sy 25 Find the 10, The sum of 9 rere number. 1 Two mmbors differ by 9 and their product is 504. Find the numb es, (eese 9 consecutive positive integ Poze natural numbers is 45, Thi The sau larger number, Find : ers, the sum of whose squi ares d te is 36 of the squares of two 13. The difference Of the smaller number is four times the numbers. eat m7 14, Find two natural numbers, the sum of whose squares 1s 25 times th : ‘mes their difference. thelr gum and also equal to 500 arts such that twice the square E square of the larger part 15, Divide 16 into two reveals the square of the staallet Part by 164. nis 3 more than its numerator. The sum of 16, The denominator of @ fraction tne fraction and its zecipsocal is22- Find the fraction. ar ig A times the sum of 5 digits and twice the Find the number. \ duct of its digits is 14. 1645 is such that the pro« the digits interchange their places, Hind the (case amecy 17. A two-digit numb product of its digits. 18, A two-digit number is added to the number, number. 9, Out of a number of saras birds, one-fourth of the about in lots, 3 coupled with fe ‘as well as 7 times the sq the number move on a hill, 56 birds remain in vakula trees. Whatis the iotal number of birds? seas 2008) 20. A teacher on attempting to arrange the students for mass dill in the form of a solid square found that 24 students were left. When he increased the size of the square by one student, ‘he found that he wes chort of 25 students, Find the number of students. case re distributed equally among 4 certain number of ey en 10 more students, each would have received cone apple jonse 200 ‘number ate moving uare.root of 21. 300 apples a Had there be Find the number of students. 0. Ife had bought: cis ue pens for? 8 Jess. en would have cost him 22, Aman buysa number of the same amount, each pens did he buy?Quadratic Equations class test, the sum of K, + i Had he got 3 maar, jit, the product of the an subjects separately, in ‘mall's rs mai nd Fay “ore in Mathemay 2nd 4 mars tee Marks Would have been, 360. F i nd Ris tna (85 zoe) kes 10 days less than the fj, Me taken by Big fi wa A and B together can finish thework 44 a bs to finish the work. NISHA piece of wen, te “Y8-Find the time taken train takes 2 hours less for assenger 25. APS journey of 39, ased by 5 km/hr from its Usual g incre’ km iFits speed ig Peed. Find its usual speed, travels a distance of 360 km at a uniform Speed. IF th rain %. ao is increased by 5 km an hour, he the journey woud hour less. Find the original speed of the train. Lhour less. i £ 90 km at a unifo in covers a distance o! 7. Atrain Sen ph more, it would have taken come been 15 Find the original speed of the train, © jourmey. between Mumbai and Pune is 192 km, ate we 28. The distance bet it takes 48 minutes less than another train, ate ate = Deccan Queen, it Queen if the speeds of the two trains 7 of the Deccan [CBSE 200: speed “4 5 km 20 kmph. i hr in still water, goes 1 eed is 9 km, nutes. Find 29. A motorboat ek ina total time of 3 hours 45 ve Rnd stream an - speed of the stream. {eB3e 2007 \ speed of have taken oBSE 2006, ory mm speed. Had the speed 30 minutes less for the es fakes 1 hour tah hour in still water takes: eed is 18 km per yoint. Find the 30. A motor ea ta ec than to return to the same p' ioveem0m More to go. speed of the stream. hh. Itcan go 15 km upstream t in still water is 8 kmp! cd of the stream. 31. The speed of a oe am in 5 hours. Find the spee Seats bak to the downstre: return ond 22 km dows boat 8 km downstream ee iibgh, 32. A sailor can oe a minutes. If the speed of Starting point in ieee q find oped of the boat in still water. in 3: minutes. [Fone pipe filla cistern in 3-5 °°: Twopipes Tuning together can~y 456 Secondary School Mathematics for Class 10 35, The sum of the ages of a man and his son is 45 years. Five years ago, th ago, the Product of their ages was four times the man’s age at ime. Fj ges was imes the man’s a guct ze at that time. Fing - The product of Meena’s age (in years) 5 years ago and her age § year ) y g fears later is 30. Find her present age. The sum of the ages of a boy and his brother is 25 years, and the product of their ages in years is 126, Find their ages. 38. A rectangular field is 16 m long and 10 m wide. There is a path of uniform width all around it, having an area of 120 m?. Find the width of the path, 39. The length of a rectangle is twice its breadth and its area is 288 cm?, Find the dimensions of the rectangle. 40. The length ofa rectangular field is three times its breadth, Ifthe area of the field be 147 sq metres, find the length of the field. 41, The length of a hall is 3 metres more than its breadth. If the area of the hall is 238 square metres, calculate its length and breadth. 42. The perimeter of a rectangular plotis 62 m and its area is 228 sq metres. Find the dimensions of the plot. 43, The length of a rectangle is thrice as long as the side of a square. Theside of the square is 4 cm more than the width of the rectangle. Their areas being equal, find their dimensions. 44, A farmer prepares a rectangular vegetable garden of area 180.sq metres. With 39 metres of barbed wire, he can fence the three sides of the garden, leaving one of the longer sides unfenced. Find the dimensions of the garden. 45, The area ofa right triangle is 600 cm®. If the base of the triangle exceeds the altitude by 10 cm, find the dimensions of the triangle. 46, The area of a right-angled triangle is 96 sq metres. If the base is three times the altitude, find the base. 47. The area of a right-angled triangle is 165 sq metres, Determine its base and altitude if the latter exceeds the former by 7 metres. 48. The hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is 20 metres. If the difference between the lengths of the other sides be 4metres, find the othersides- 49. The length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle exceeds ” | Jength of the base by 2.cm and exceeds twice the length of the altituc’ by 1m. Find the length of each sid of iQuadratic Equations a . se ofa right-angieg oie ifthe third side is | yy a enest ace of the triangle, a ott of tee sau H ol sum pee of squares of two numbe; («2 - da~ 45)= 0. 14. Let the required natural numbers be andl 0. Then, a 46? = 25(0+ band (a? + b?)=50(a~ b)s 25(a+ b) =5Oa~b) => at b= Web) => a= 3b. (3b)? +b? = 25x 4b => 1067 - 1000 = 0 > 10(b- 10)=0 => b= 10. 15. Let the two parts be sand (16 ~ x) such that 2 is larger. Then, 2x? ~(16 ~ x)? = 164 = = + 32x—420= 0 = x= 10. 16. Let the required teactionbe 55 ee 3 wy Boy ine +(e+9)]=29010 49) a @ > 908+ Wa-W=0 = a+ 34-10=0. 17. Let the tens digit be x and units digit be y. Then, (10x+ y= 4x4 y) > 6x=3y > y= 2x. (Ox-+ y)= 2xy = (10x + 2x)=4x? = 4x? -12x=0 = Axes [xeq, 18. Let the tens digit be x and units digitbe = ays Iand 10x+ y+ 45 => ays Wand Xy—z) = 45 > yee = x(x45)= Mand y=(644 19. Let the total number of birds be3?, Then, ‘Then, total number of students = x + 24 =(x+ 1)? ~ 25. at Since 21. Let the total number of onuleibats ‘Then, 300300 x (x+ 10) =1> + 10x a es =NOT S regets ¥ Marks in Mathonnaticg 7 and y as a ye doand SING ay a6) Sin pyay \ * mv , AHO 9M hO— HBOS ay ye av B2=0 (WE jy) » “o ays. Then, A i ees ys NA takes ( re Toy Wey 7 Maas wii 12 xiv 10) > ys 12 =~ ye a Ox = Yay ss py SO ray g Dag vate wor ed ofthe train bev kin/ht Thy aaa gon 3005 (x x ‘ - speed of the Deccan Queen be x kmph, Then, ‘o 84 tL rey ems “OO” G2) x dao eas => x? = 20x~4900=9 “ > x°~80x+ 60x — 4800 <0, oe urtesped ofthe steam be x kane, Ther, speed downstream =(9 + x) km/hr and speed upstream = (9 ~ x) km/hr. ths SISOS OT ote Gy 0-9 A eR 4) atthe speed of the stream be x km/hr, ~ a Tien speed downsiceam =(18 + 2) kin/ht : nigeeneen (8 Se | on at- 1-4 (8-9 (B+) = HemsUBe)< 1 ror ey 3 4 M8x- 324-0 => (x +54)(x- 6)=0 => ¥=6. ‘Math speed ofthe stream be x km/hr. speed downstream =(8-+ x) km/hr “Sed psteam = = (8-2) km/hr. : eyaes 2 rds NSH mMB-2)= ene460 Secondary School Mathematics for Class 10 = SY = 20=48y => By? —4gy 20-0 (= TIGL 2=0 > y= 10 q 33. Tel the faster pipe lake v min to fill it, Then, TN ayer YON Ea) 40 IBY aly 120-0 NA 108 6340 _ a1 \7921 (414 89) %6 26 26 the other takes (x + 3) min, soy vss. 34. Lot the age of the son now be x years. Then, man’s age now years, (x7 =1)=8(x-1) > v4 128 = x27, 35, Let the age of the man be x years. Then, son’s age =(45 — x) years. (x-5)(45 -x-5)= 4x -5) = 40— 36, Let Meena’s present age be x years, (x-5)(x+ 8)=30 > x74 32-7020 => (x4 10(x-7)50 > x=7. Serie 37. Let the age of the elder boy be x years, . Then, his brother's age = (25 ~ x) years, (25 x)= 126 => x? 25x+ 126=0 > 18x-7x4 126=0 5 (x-18)(x-7)=0 = x=18 or x=7. ae = 38. Let the width of the path be x metres. Then, (16 x 10) ~(16 = 2x)(10 - 2x) = 120, = 4x -52x4 120-0 = 2?-13r4 30-0 = (x-10(x-3)20 > x=3m, 39. Let the breadth be x cm. ‘Then, length = 2x em, xx 2x= 288 => x? = 14d > x=12, 41. Let the breadth of the hall be x metres, Then, its length =(x+ 3)m, (xt 3)x= 238 = x7 + 3x-238=0 = (x#17\(x-1d)=0 > 214, 42, 1+ b)= 62 = 1+ b= 31m, Let the length be x metres, Then, breadth = (31~x)m 4m x= 36, .os pside of the square be xem, h ser tt ent of i, w rte eet we ygar > 46h ne rectangle = 3x en y= 4)em v= 0 © Axx 4) <9 be x metres. Then, by _ 180 “afengts be ME reat = (130 sy 300 is » rey Y x peg 360 = 0 > 7 ~My 15) 4 360 = 9 yar B= or xs15, saver (! am b=75m) or (l= 18m,b= 12 my peatstude BEEN. THEN, Base = (64.10) ry, e eee t= 600 > 87 + 10x 1200 = 9 jee ser 90 =0> x=30. pase= dem altitude = 30 cm, “_potemase= \(40)" + (30)? = IT800- 95 = B55 «50am ret the pase be x metres. Then, altitude =(x +7) m, J yx(r+7)=165 => 27+7x~ 330-0 3 > Be Dx 16x~ 330-0 = (x~ 15)(x4 22)=0 => xar5, is Jet the other sides be x metres and (x — 4) metres. 2 4 (t-4)? =(20) = 2x? -Bx— 384=0 = P-41-192=0 => (x- 16)(x+12)=0 = x= 16, 4 lathe base be x cm. Then, hypotenuse =(x + 2)cm. (t+2)-(2xaltitude)=1 => 2 xaltitude=(x+1) = altitude= 50 +)on. : sap erts Le 1? > Mee Pads? (ee a) 2 A+ des 4) =8x? 4 204 1 x2-14x-15=0 9 (e124 )=0 > x= 18. _* bise=15 em, hypotenuse = 17 em, altitude = 8 om. "Ulthe shortest side be x metres. Teishypotenuse = (2x-1) mand third side =(x+ 1) m. » (teats (x4 18 > 2x2 -64=0 = 2x(x-3)=0- “py ides ofthe squares be a metres and b metzes tes Ma b)=64 = (a-b)=16. aSecondary School Mathematics for Class 19 52. Let the smatier num Then, tary * Qx~ 57 2 53-2 6920.5 3 |: Oo i egy a9 53 Tete eanited positive integers py fer a Ht vite ms Vand + 2)-then, 2 Poy eg * ene )~0 7 suMMaRy OF RESULTS foand Bare the and f ™ the roots of a quadratic equation ax? + by 4.6 _ Oth @ p= " Dos ~ (i) op = £ 2. The roots of the equation ax? 4by 4e = Dare given by ~b+ Vb ane ~b- Vi @ see Me and p= eo nte a a 3. For the “quation ax? +bx-+c=0,a%0 the discriminant ig Biven by D=(~da0), 4. Nature of Roots of a quadratic equation ax? +.bx +. =0,a40 Value of Nature of Roots @ D>0 and D is a Real, unequal and =btvD perfect square. rational Er Gi) D>0and Dis nota | Real, unequal and | ya Perfect square. itrational ae 2a" Gi) D=0 Realand equal (iv) D (yyy : ne ()6 045 i! ie pet ofthe Tools of the equation > 4. (6 an ® gue of kis Tek aig > then (a2 (b) s (os he - ygone root of the equation 2x7 + ax 4.6 “bieone at : ena =? 7 (b)-7 7 ) 7 (92 / @ 2 . : e ratio ss the sum and product of thy (a7 12 (b)7:18 (2:3 Ae » eroats of the equation 4/3? +5x—23 =0 are p28 W288 O24 @8S 3° 4 3 4 3 a {i Theroots of the equation V2x* +7x+ a Bi 2 82 08 eZ 4% a 2 il, The roots of the equation 3**? + 3* =10 are @)2,0 (b)-2,0 ()3,-1 (a)-3,1 |. Thesoots of the equation 3x? ~2V/6x + 2 =O are oe of 2 ORF OBR “Mer eee FINE Mg ee aa inl gaecl5 oe a 5 3 = 25 Qe 8 53 we 2D OL. O72 =* pare 2a 7 A » (d)none of these Ok pSecondary School Mathematics for Class 10 464 15. (a) #4 ® 26 (38 (2445 16, The root of a quadratic equation are 5 and ~2. Then, the equation jg (a)x*-3x+10=0 (b) x? -3x-10=0 (9x7 +3x-10 =0 (d) 27 +3x+10=0 17, Ifthe sum of the roots ofa quadratic equation is 6 and their producti the equation is - (a) x° -6x+6=0 (b) x7 +6x-6 =0 (x? -6x-6=0 (d) x? +6x+6=0 18. If one root of the equation 3x? -10x +3 =0is 4 then the other root is az ws 3 (@s 19. The quadratic equation whose one root is (3 + 2/3) is (a)x?+6x-3=0 (b) 7 -6x-3=0 (x? +6x43=0 (4) x? -6x+3=0 20. If the sum of the roots of the equation ko? +224 3k = (is equal to their product, then the valu 1 @g 2 21. If one root of 5x” +13x4k =O be the reciprocal of the other root, then the value of kis (ao @) bor es OB. (d)5 22. The roots of the equation ax” + by + ¢ = Owillbe reciprocal see (a)a=b (b) pe If the roots of the equation ~b His BY as (b) a2 @ 23. S 2a 24, If the equation 92? + 6hv +4=01 (a)2or0 ) 200 . If the equation x2 + ak +2)x (@) Lora 26. if the equation 4x? 2 (a) +f 2 8