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Quadratics

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17 views2 pages

Quadratics

Uploaded by

leon.kiratiya
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Class Notes: Quadratic Equations

Date: November 27, 2024


Topic: Understanding and Solving Quadratic Equations

Key Concepts:
1. Definition of a Quadratic Equation:
o A quadratic equation is any equation in the form: ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c =
0ax2+bx+c=0 where a≠0a \neq 0a=0, and aaa, bbb, and ccc are constants.
2. Graph of a Quadratic Equation:
o Quadratic equations form a parabola when graphed.
o If a>0a > 0a>0, the parabola opens upwards (U-shaped).
o If a<0a < 0a<0, the parabola opens downwards (n-shaped).
3. Key Features of a Parabola:
o Vertex: The highest or lowest point of the parabola.
o Axis of Symmetry: A vertical line through the vertex (x=−b2ax = -\frac{b}
{2a}x=−2ab).
o Roots/Zeros: Points where the parabola intersects the x-axis (y=0y = 0y=0).
o Y-intercept: The point where the parabola intersects the y-axis (x=0x = 0x=0).

Methods for Solving Quadratic Equations:


1. Factoring:
o Example: Solve x2+5x+6=0x^2 + 5x + 6 = 0x2+5x+6=0. (x+2)(x+3)=0(x + 2)(x
+ 3) = 0(x+2)(x+3)=0 Roots: x=−2,−3x = -2, -3x=−2,−3.
2. Completing the Square:
o Rewrite ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0ax2+bx+c=0 into a perfect square form:
(x+h)2=k(x + h)^2 = k(x+h)2=k Example: Solve x2+6x+5=0x^2 + 6x + 5 =
0x2+6x+5=0.
Steps:
 Rewrite as x2+6x=−5x^2 + 6x = -5x2+6x=−5.
 Add 999 to both sides: (x+3)2=4(x + 3)^2 = 4(x+3)2=4.
 Solve for xxx: x=−3±2x = -3 \pm 2x=−3±2.
3. Quadratic Formula:
o Use when factoring isn’t possible: x=−b±b2−4ac2ax = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 -
4ac}}{2a}x=2a−b±b2−4ac Example: Solve 2x2+3x−2=02x^2 + 3x - 2 =
02x2+3x−2=0.
Steps:
 Identify a=2a = 2a=2, b=3b = 3b=3, c=−2c = -2c=−2.
 Substitute: x=−3±32−4(2)(−2)2(2)x = \frac{-3 \pm \sqrt{3^2 - 4(2)(-2)}}
{2(2)}x=2(2)−3±32−4(2)(−2) x=−3±9+164x = \frac{-3 \pm \sqrt{9 + 16}}
{4}x=4−3±9+16 Roots: x=−3+54x = \frac{-3 + 5}{4}x=4−3+5 and
x=−3−54x = \frac{-3 - 5}{4}x=4−3−5.
4. Graphing:
o Plot the parabola to visually find the roots.
Key Vocabulary:
 Discriminant (b2−4acb^2 - 4acb2−4ac): Determines the nature of the roots:
o >0> 0>0: Two real, distinct roots.
o =0= 0=0: One real, repeated root.
o <0< 0<0: No real roots (complex roots).

Practice Problems:
1. Solve by factoring: x2−7x+10=0x^2 - 7x + 10 = 0x2−7x+10=0.
2. Complete the square: x2+4x−8=0x^2 + 4x - 8 = 0x2+4x−8=0.
3. Use the quadratic formula to solve: 3x2−x−4=03x^2 - x - 4 = 03x2−x−4=0.
4. Determine the nature of the roots for x2+4x+5=0x^2 + 4x + 5 = 0x2+4x+5=0 using the
discriminant.

Homework:
 Page 45, Questions 1-10: Mixed methods of solving quadratics.
 Challenge: Create and solve your own quadratic equation using each method.

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