10.

2 Infinite Series
Tags

Deliver Date @November 26, 2024

Owner Shu Nie

Learning Objectives
Definition of infinite series - partial sum

KEY POINT: Geometric Series

Test for a Divergent Series: The nth-Term & some operations

Learning Content
Definition
An infinite series is the sum of an infinite sequence of numbers

a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an + ...
​ ​ ​

We look at the result of summing just the first n terms of the sequence.

sn = a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

It is called the nth partial sum.

10.2 Infinite Series 1

 Geometric Series

∞
2
a + ar + ar + ... + ar n−1
+ ... = ∑ ar n−1
​

n=1

3 scenarios:

1. r > 0
2. r = 0
3. r < 0

10.2 Infinite Series 2

 ⛹🏻‍♀️ Example 1 (Try it!)

The geometric series with a = 1/9and r = 1/3is

🤾🏻 Example 2 (Try it!)

Measure the series

∞
(−1)n 5 5 5 5
∑ = 5 − + − +…
4n 4 16 64
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

n=0

10.2 Infinite Series 3

 🏀 EXAMPLE 3 (Understand the Basic Idea)

You drop a ball from a meters above a flat surface. Each time the
ball
hits the surface after falling a distance
h, it rebounds a distance rh, where r is positive but less than 1.
Find the total distance the ball travels up and down

10.2 Infinite Series 4

 ♾️ EXAMPLE 4 (Listen to the Lecture! HW Question)

Express the repeating decimal 1.23 = 1.232323 …as the ratio

of two integers

🔭 EXAMPLE 5 (Listen to the Lecture! HW Question)

find the sum of the “telescoping” series:

∞
1
∑ .
n(n + 1)
​ ​

n=1

The nth-Term Test for a Divergent Series

One reason that a series may fail to converge is that its terms don’t become
small.

10.2 Infinite Series 5

10.2 Infinite Series 6
 ❓ EXAMPLE 7

Determine the following series divergent or convergent

(a)

∞
∑ n2 ​

n=1

(b)

∞
n+1
∑ ​ ​

n=1
n

(c)

∞
∑(−1)n+1
​

n=1

(d)

∞
−n
∑
2n + 5
​ ​

n=1

❓ EXAMPLE 8
Determine:

Combining Series

10.2 Infinite Series 7

 🧮 Example 9

Find the sums of the following series

(a)

∞
3n−1 − 1
∑
6n−1
​ ​

n=1

(b)

∞
4
∑
2n
​ ​

n=1

10.2 Infinite Series 8

 Adding or Deleting Terms
∞ ∞
If ∑n=1 an converges, then ∑n=k an converges for any k > 1
​ ​ ​ ​

Reindexing

Summary

10.2 Infinite Series 9

10.2 Infinite Series 10
10.2 Infinite Series 11