The Internet: How It Works and

Safe Digital Research

"The Ultimate Idea of Communication"
Learning Objectives:
- Students will identify the basic
components of the Internet
(e.g., browsers, websites,
servers).

- Students will understand on

how the Internet connects
computers and shares
information.

- Students will demonstrate the

ability to use search engines
 Technology Terms:
•Internet Protocol (IP) Address: A unique numerical
label assigned to each device connected to a computer
network.
•Domain Name System (DNS): A system that translates
domain names (like [invalid URL removed]) into IP
addresses.
•World Wide Web (WWW): A system of interlinked
hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
 Technology Terms:
•HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the protocol used
to transmit data over the web.
•HTML: HyperText Markup Language, the standard
markup language for creating web pages.
•URL: Uniform Resource Locator, a web address that
specifies the location of a resource on the Internet.
•Browser: A software application used to access and
display web pages.
Before and After the Internet – How has the internet changed our
lives?
How the Internet Changed Everything?
 What is
Internet?
• The Internet is a network or
system that connects
millions of computers
worldwide

• Connected through cables,

satellites, and wireless
signals

• Allows information to be
 What is a Computer Network?
• A computer network is a group of
connected devices, such as
computers, printers and routers. These
devices link together to communicate
with each other and share information.

• Data, applications or files can be

shared using these networks.
Networks are also used to
communicate.
•
An LAN Local Area Network) connects
 Internet History
• There were lots of different people who contributed to the
design of what was first called ‘ARPANETʼ in the late
1960s. Throughout the 1970s, two computer scientists
called Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf developed TCP/IP.
TCP/IP is set of rules which allow computers to
communicate with each other. ARPANET together with
TCP/IP contributed to the modern Internet we know today.
 What is a Computer Network?

• An LAN Local Area

Network) connects
computers that are close
together.

• A computer in LAN may be

a PC, laptop, embedded
computer or mobile
computer like smartphone,
tablet, and smartwatch.
 What is a Computer Network?
• A WAN Wide Area
Network) is made up of
several networks, or LANs,
linked together.
They usually connect with
each other using
the Internet.

• A WAN is often owned by

one company. WAN
networks are connected
using copper wires, fiber
 What are the parts of a Network?
• There are several pieces of equipment and software needed to
make up a computer network.

devices: These could be laptops, desktop computers, tablets or

mobile phones. They could be wired or wireless.
 What are the parts of a Network?
• router: This moves data between
computer networks. If you have
Internet, a router will send the data
to your computer.

• server: The central computer in a

network which has a large memory
drive.
 What are the parts of a Network?
• firewall: This is a piece of software
that checks data being sent
between networks, to make sure it is
safe to us.

• hard drive: This is also called a hard

disk drive or hard disk. It is used by
a device to store information.
 What are the parts of a Network?
• Internet: This is the world-wide
communication network used by
devices. It sends information quickly
between computers all over the
globe.
• switch: This connects to the
server, it is a piece of hardware
with lots of connection ports for
other devices and cables to link
up to.
 How Does the Internet Work?

The
Whenweb server finds
accessing the website,
a website, image
searching or song
for an imageyou
or requested anda sends
downloading song, it
your
back tohas
device your
todevice.
make a request to a web server over the Internet.

www.twinkl.co.uk
 How Does the Internet Work?
What youThis
haveallrequested
happens using something
may be too largecalled
to sendIP back
packets.
in one piece,
so it is broken down into tiny pieces and each piece placed in its own IP packet.
Imagine these packets are like virtual envelopes
 How Does the Internet Work?
This
Theselets
areyou
then
view
sent
your
along
website,
a route
complete
until they
image
arriveoratlisten
theirtodestination,
the where
whole
they are
song
reassembled
you requested.
so that they are in order.

All of this happens in milliseconds or

seconds and can depend on factors
such as your internet speed and
bandwidth
(this is how much data can be sent in
a certain amount of time).
Labelling Challenge
Can you label the parts of a
computer network?

Wordbank

switch
server
router
devices
printer
Internet
workstations
 workstation devices
s
How many did
you get right?

Wordbank

switch
switch
server
router router
printer
devices
printer
Internet Internet
workstations
server
How Internet works ?
What Do You Use the Internet For?
browsing the World Wide Web

watching and downloading videos

streaming TV shows and films

viewing and downloading photographs

listening to music

accessing maps

communicating (e.g. email, chat and blogs)

shopping online and sharing files
What Is the World Wide Web?

Sir Tim Berners-Lee was able to find a

way for others to connect to the
Internet to share information via
documents and web pages. It uses
HTTP, a protocol that is used to
exchange files over the Internet.
Without the Internet, the World Wide
Web would not work because it relies
on the network of connections to work.
 How Do You Use the World Wide Web?
There are a lot of things you can do via a web browser.
Here
To access the World are Web,
Wide just a you
few need
examples:
to use a web browser.

Some
These search engines
browsers you may
also allow you have thought
to access and of are: the
explore
online Google,
World WideYahoo,
WebKidrex
usingand Duckengines.
search Duck Goose.
A search engine playing
shopping is
A aweb
There
Can service
are
you youofuse
browser
many
think uses onhyperlinks
the
different
a web Internet
web
browser toyou
browsers
to help
direct
that you
that
us find
toyou
have webmay online
information viaof,the World Wide games
have
pagesthought
used containing
before? such
graphics, text, Web.
as Google video
Chrome,
andMozilla
sound.
finding Firefox and Microsoft Edge.
information reading the
Can you think of any search engines that you may news
Twinkl Search Get Lucky!
have used before?
finding a
location sending
on a map emails
 The Internet vs the World Wide Web
When we go online, we can say that we are ‘using the Internet’
You may have thought of some of the following:
or ‘on the World Wide Web’.

file sharing
Being on the World Wide Web specifically relates
to using web browsers and websites to access
streaming music,
information, videos
but we anddoTVother
can still programmes
things
online.
online gaming

Can you think of via

communication some things
email that we
platforms
can use the Internet for without using
aVoice
web over
browser?
Internet Protocol (VoIP),
which allows you to make calls
over the Internet
 Let’s Look More Closely

We have discussed how we can use the Internet

Is without
it possible to use the
accessing the World Wide Web.
World Wide Web without
accessing the Internet?

Did you know?

You can't use the World Wide Web
without the Internet.
The World Wide Web is an application
built on the Internet and it relies on the
network of connections to work.
 Let’s Summarise
Let’s have a look at what the key differences between
the Internet and the World Wide Web are.
The Internet The World Wide Web

• It can be used to communicate with • It is one part of the Internet.

others around the world using
• It is made of billions of digital pages
emails.
that are available to view, owned by
• It can be used to send and share or belonging to individuals or
files easily using FTP. companies.
• It can be used to access the World • It is accessed via a web browser.
Wide Web.
• It is a platform for sharing text,
• It keeps all of our computers and graphics and videos.
other devices connected together
• It is a collection of websites and web
around the world.
pages which are all linked together
• It is not owned by one individual. via hyperlinks.
 True or False? True False
Now it’s a time for a quiz. Let’s see what you can remember!
The Internet and the World Wide Web are the same thing.

The World Wide Web was invented by Vinton Cerf.

The Internet was invented before the World Wide Web.

Google Chrome is a search engine.

The Internet is lots of networks of computers connected all

around the world.

You can’t access the World Wide Web without the Internet.
 How Browser Interact with the
Internet?
User Input: You type a website Server Processing: The web
1 address URL) into your browser's server processes the request and 4
address bar. retrieves the requested webpage.

DNS Resolution: The browser requests the

domain name (like example.com) to be HTTP Response: The server sends

2 translated into an IP address through the

Domain Name System DNS. This IP address
is necessary to locate the web server hosting
an HTTP response back to the
browser, containing the HTML
5
the desired content.
code of the webpage.

Browser Rendering: The browser

HTTP Request: The browser

3 sends an HTTP request to the web

server associated with the IP
interprets the HTML code and
renders the webpage on the 6
screen.
address.
How Browser Interact with the Internet?
Safe Digital Research: A Guide
 Safe Digital Research: A Guide
Safe digital research involves navigating the online world
responsibly and ethically.

Here are some key tips to ensure your online research is secure:
❑ Reliable Sources: It is one that provides accurate, unbiased, and
up-to-date information.
❑ Credible Websites: Stick to reputable websites like academic
databases, government websites, and well-established news
organizations.
❑ Fact-Checking: Verify information from multiple sources to ensure
accuracy.
❑ Be Wary of Bias: Be mindful of biases that may influence the
information presented.
 Online Privacy and Security
Online Privacy refers to the ability of individuals to control
their personal information and how it is used online.
Online Security is the practice of protecting computer systems
and networks from digital attacks.
❑ Strong Passwords: Use strong, unique passwords for all your online
accounts.
❑ Secure Wi-Fi: Avoid using public Wi-Fi for sensitive activities like
online banking or shopping.
❑ Beware of Phishing: Be cautious of suspicious emails and links.
❑ Protect Personal Information: Limit the amount of personal
information you share online.
❑ Use Antivirus Software: Keep your devices protected with up-to-date
antivirus software.
 Ethical Research Practice
Ethical research practices are a set of principles that guide
researchers in conducting research in a responsible and ethical
manner.
❑ Citation: Always cite your sources to give credit to the original
authors and avoid plagiarism.
❑ Copyright Laws: Respect copyright laws and obtain permission before
using copyrighted material.
❑ Data Privacy: Be mindful of data privacy regulations and avoid sharing
sensitive information.
❑ Academic Integrity: Adhere to academic integrity standards and avoid
cheating or academic dishonesty.
 Critical Thinking and Evaluation

❑ Question the Source: Consider the author's credentials, the website's

reputation, and the purpose of the information.
❑ Evaluate Evidence: Assess the quality and relevance of the evidence
presented.
❑ Identify Bias: Be aware of potential biases in the information and
consider alternative perspectives.
❑ Fact-Check: Use multiple sources to verify information and avoid
misinformation.