CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter will unfold the methodology used in this research. It consists of
research design, research site and participants, data sources, data collection
technique, research instrument and procedures, and data analysis.
A. Research Design
This research used a quantitative approach and correlational design. A
quantitative approach is a method that used numerical data to analyze. Creswell
(2012) states that in quantitative research, the research questions that are
identified and determined based on correlational design supply an opportunity to
predict the score and describe two or more variables. According to Fraenkel
(2012), correlation research aims to identify the relationship between or among
variables which is to clarify the understanding of the phenomena.
Crowls (1996) states that correlational method is used in determining two or
more variables correlate among a single group of people. The research is meant to
find out the correlation between students' intensity in watching English Tiktok
videos and their listening skills. It allows the researcher to find out the correlation
that is, about the extent to which two variables have mutual relation. For instance,
when there is one variable that increase, the other variable can be increase or
decrease in a predictable way. Correlational design allows the researcher to
predict one variable in corresponding with their knowledge but not to conclude a
cause- effect correlation.
The correlational approach is appropriate for this research paper because there
are two variables investigated. The two variables in this research are; independent
variable and dependent variable. The independent variable in this research is a
variable that presumed to cause a change in another variable. Meanwhile, the
dependent variable is a variable that researchers investigate to exemined (Johnson,
R.B., & Christensen, L.B. (2000). The independent variable of this research is the
intensity of students in watching TikTok English videos (X), and the dependent
variable of this research is students' listening skills (Y). In correlational design, the

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researcher does not attempt to control or manipulate the variables as in an
experiment; instead, the researcher relates, using the correlation statistic, two or
more scores for each person.
B. Research Site and Participants
This section states the research site that refers to the place this study takes
place and the participants of the study.
1. Research Site
This study was conducted at UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. It is located in
A.H. Nasution street no. 105, Cipadung, Cibiru, Bandung. This research,
specifically, was conducted at campus II of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
which is located in Soekarno Hatta street, Cimencrang, Cibiru, Bandung. There
are some issues of the students related to this research, such as the use of Tiktok in
students’ daily life. This phenomenon is necessary to investigate because it
contributes to the English language teaching and learning in UIN Sunan Gunung
Djati Bandung.
2. Research Participants
According to Crowl (1996), "Population is groups consisting of all people to
whom research wish to apply their findings." This research’s population was the
student in the fourth semester of English Education Department, Faculty of
Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati
Bandung. There were four classes; Class A to Class D. The subject was chosen
because they have learned the Listening subject. So, they are the proper subject to
investigate for this research.
Based on Creswell (2012), a sample is a subgroup of the population that the
researcher plans to study for generalizing about the target population. The
researcher used simple random sampling for this study, in which participant was
randomly selected (Fraenkel & Wallen, 2012). Thirty out of 120 students were
taken as the sample because the minimum sample size for a correlation study is 30
(Gay and Diehl, 1992).

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C. Research Procedures
There are some procedures in this research. The first step was obtaining
permission to conduct the research from English Education Department of UIN
Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung and the Listening subject lecturer. The second step
was shared the questionnaire to the participant which is the students in the fourth
semester. The third step was share the listening test to the participants. The next
step was analyzed the data from the questionnaire and listening test through
several statistical processes. The final step was to conclude the result of the
analysis, and give suggestions for future research regarding the correlation
between students’ intensity in watching English Tiktok videos and their listening
skills. In addition, all of the procedures are illustrated below.

Obtain permission Share questionnaire

Research analysis Listening Test

Gain result

Figure 3.1 Research Procedures

D. Data Collection Techniques

Questionnaire and listening test was used by the researcher to collect all
data for this research paper. The questionnaire was available in Google form
which is used to obtain the data on students' intensity in watching English
Tiktok videos. Meanwhile, the listening test was used to collect the data of
students’ listening skill of the English Education Department of State Islamic
University Bandung.
1. Questionnaire

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 The first instrument is a questionnaire. It is used to collect the data of
respondents’ intensity in watching English Tiktok videos. The questionnaire
was made based on the indicator of intensity to which the participants have to
fill by answering the existing answer based on their true experience (Dorney,
2003). The questionnaire consists of 20 questions items. The questionnaire
expressed positive and negative statements. Based on Dorney (2003), to
measure the score of this questionnaire, the researcher used the Likert Scale
(Rahmawati, 2018), that is a technique of the rating scale to examines
statement on research. It requires the respondents to response to several
categorization of scales that can be choose. Furthermore, the scale of students'
intensity in watching English Tiktok videos questionnaire is present in the
following table:
Likert Scale of Students' intensity in watching English Tiktok videos
Positive Point Negative Point
Always 5 5 Never
Often 4 4 Seldom
Sometimes 3 3 Sometimes
Seldom 2 2 Often
Never 1 1 Always
Table 3.1 Likert Scale
All of the questions in the questionnaire are positive statements except
question number 3 and question number 10 that are negative statements.
2. Listening Test
The second instrument of this research is listening test. Listening test is
conducted to collect the data of students’ listening skill. According to Harmer
(2011), an achievement test is a test that used to measure what the students
have learned. The indicator of students' listening achievement can be seen in
the table below.
The Indicator of Students’ Listening Skill Achievement
(Depdikbud, 1990: 10)
Indicator of Value Listening Achievement Listening Value

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 A 80-100 Very good
B 66-79 Good
C 56-65 Fair
D 40-55 Poor
E ≤ 39 Fail
Table 3.2 Listening Achievement Value
E. Data Analysis
This section discusses the data analysis of this research. The researcher
analyzed the questionnaire and the score transcript of the Listening subject.
Hence, the data analysis process used in this study was statistical analysis as
explained below.
1. Normality Test
Normality test was conducted to exemine the normal distribution of this
research data. The data is checked by SPSS version 28. In SPSS, there are two
types of normality test; Kolmogorov Smirnov Test and Shapiro Wilk Test. The
criterion of SPSS is explained below:

a. If the respondents ≥ 50, the normality test should use Kolmogorov

Smirnov test
b. If the respondents ≤ 50, the normality test should use Shapiro Wilk test

Since the respondents of this study were below 50 which is only 30 respondents,
the researcher used Shapiro Wilk test to determine the normality of the data.
There are two criteria to determine the normality of data:

a. If the significance value (sig) > 0.05, data distribution is normal

b. If the significance value (sig) < 0.05, data distribution is abnormal
2. Linearity Test
The next stage after checking the normality test, the researcher conducted a
linearity test which used to find out the relation between the dependent variable
and independent variable. The variables have linearity based on the testing criteria
as follows:

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 a. If the significance value (sig) > 0.05, the variable is linear
b. If the significance value (sig) < 0.05, the variable is not linear

After making sure that the data is normally distributed and linear each other,
the researcher used Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient in SPSS.
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is beneficial to describe the
significance of the correlation between both variables. The formula below is used
to find out the correlation between students' intensity in watching English Tiktok
video and their listening skills as follows:

(𝑛)(∑ 𝑋𝑌) − (∑ 𝑋)(∑ 𝑌)

Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Formula (Susetyo, 2010):

𝑟𝑥𝑦 =
√[𝑛 ∑ 𝑥2 − (𝑥)2][𝑛 ∑ 𝑦2 − (𝑦)2]
rxy = Pearson's correlation
coefficient n = Number of participants
X = Score of independent variable
Y = Score of dependent variable
∑X = The sum of students' intensity
∑Y = The sum of students' listening skills

The correlation degree was determined by a correlation coefficient “r”. The“r”

range from –1 ≤ r ≤ +1. If the value of “r” is close to 1, it means that the
correlation is strong. If the value of r is positive, that means the correlation is
positive which means if the value of variable X increases, the value of variable Y
will increase. Furthermore, if the value of “r” is negative, the correlation is
negative too; if the value of variable X increases, the value of variable Y will be
decrease.
To find out the significance between both variables, the formula of the
significance test is can be seen below.

𝑟√𝑛 − 2
𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡
= √1 − 𝑟2
Description:
tcount = t value
r = Pearson coefficient correlation
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n = Number of samples
In interpreting the index score of “r” correlation product-moment (rxy), usually
used the interpretation as follows:
Correlation Interpretation
The Correlation Coefficient Interpretation
0.00—0.20 Very Low Correlation
0.21—0.40 Low Correlation
0.41—0.70 Moderate Correlation
0.71—0.90 High Correlation
0.91—1.00 Very High Correlation
Table 3.3 Correlation Interpretation
3. Statistical Hypothesis
The statistical hypothesis of this study can be seen as:
𝑟𝑥𝑦 < 𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
Null Hypothesis (H0)
There is no correlation between students’ intensity in watching English Tiktok
videos and their listening skills at the fourth-semester students of Department of
English Education Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.
𝑟𝑥𝑦 > 𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

There is a correlation between students’ intensity in watching English Tiktok
videos and their listening skills at the fourth-semester students of Department of
English Education Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.
To test the hypotheses, the researcher used correlation coefficient from the
calculation (rxy) to be compared to correlation coefficient of Pearson Product
Moment table (rtable). To determine “r” table, the degree of freedom must be
calculated using the following formula (Sudiono, 2005):
Description:
𝑑𝑓 = 𝑁 − 𝑛𝑟
df = Degree of Freedom

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N = Number of respondents
nr = Number of variables
After the value of degree of freedom (df) was calculated, rtable can determine
in 5% significance. According to Sugiono (2005), the criteria for hypotheses
testing are:

1. Ha will be accepted if rxy>rtable, which means that there is a correlation

between two variables.
2. H0 will be accepted if rxy<rtable, which means that there is no correlation
between two variables.