RX2 Receiver Board

MICRF011 Reference Design With SAW Filter By Carlos Ribeiro

Performance Summary
The RX2 receiver board enables the MICRF011 to achieve 150 meter open-field range when used with a 0dBm transmitter.

Synopsis
The RX2 receiver reference design is intended for RKE (Remote Keyless Entry) and similar applications. The design is a complete solution incorporating a Micrel MICRF011BM RF receiver, a SAW filter and a PIC microcontroller. This circuit is designed to operate at 850 bps (bits per second) although the same board can be configured for higher data-rate applications. All the information needed to make this receiver is provided including the schematics, bill of material and PCB layout. Two frequencies of interest are presented; 315 MHz and 433.92 MHz.

Circuit Description
The consists of three main parts: 5V Power Supply Receiver Decoder The power supply has a low noise LDO regulator that supplies 5V to the entire circuit. PCB inductors separate the analog and digital supply voltages to isolate noise created by the decoder from the RF. It is very important to provide a very clean voltage to the receiver, capacitors C12, C13, and C14 will clean any conductive noise on the supply line.
+9V S1 SW100 SPST D6 ON LED 1 2 BT1 9 volts + C13 4.7uF 16V 3 VIN GND EN BYP 4 OUT 5 C12 4.7uF 16V U4 MIC5205-5.0BM5 +5VDIG L6 PCBCOIL +5VANA

L7 C14 470pF 50V

PCBCOIL

5-volt Power Supply

RX2-xxx Receiver

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Micrel

The receiver consists of two main sections; the front-end and the MICRF011BM receiver. The front-end incorporates a SAW filter to improve selectivity and reduce unwanted noise. Inductors L1 and L2 and capacitors C2 and C3 are part of the SAW filter network and must be used to obtain the desired filter performance.
Ant Size 23.1 9.1 cm inches ANT1 WHIP ANTENNA L1 82nH 0603/0805S 1 2 2 C2 5.6pF 0603S 2

VALUES SHOWN FOR 315 See table for other MHz frequencies SAW1 B3551 EPCOS 1 IN OUTPUT 5

L2 82nH 0603/0805S 1 2 2

Front-End C3 5.6pF 0603S

1GND

6GND

6 1

3G ND

4G ND

7G 8G ND ND

Receiver FrontEnd

The MICRF011BM is a fully integrated receiver that takes the RF input from the SAW filter and provides a digital output to the baseband decoder. Inductors L3 and L4 match the MICRF011BM antenna input pin to 50 Ohms. Matching impedance improves sensitivity.
RE SE SE FO L L GN GN SC 0 1 D D J1 CON5 VALUES SHOWN FOR 315 MHz MATCHING See table for other frequencies 1 2 3 4 5

R1 jumper OPEN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

U1 MICRF011BM SEL0 VSSRF VSSRF ANT VDDRF VDDBB CTH SWEN REFOSC SEL1 CAGC VSSBB VSSBB DO 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

C1 (NP)1nF 50V

L3 Front-End L4 18nH

72nH

C4 0.1uF 16V +5VANA

C5 47nF 50V +5VANA

DO

C6 2.2uF 6.3V

R2 jumper SHORT

Y1 4.8970MHz

Q1 (NP)MMBT3906LT1 R3 (NP) R5 (NP)

R4

(NP) 1kohm

J4 1

Pulse

Receiver
R7 (NP)

CON1 R6 (NP) 75kohm

Cth OFFSET CKT

FAST AGC RECOVERY CKT C7 (NP) 0.22uF 16V

RX2-xxx Receiver

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Jumper R1 is open and jumper R2 is shorted, this configuration ties the SEL1 pin low and lets the SEL0 pin float high. This setting corresponds to a demodulator bandwidth of 2500Hz. To calculate the desired demodulator bandwidth it is necessary to determine the shortest pulse width of the transmitter encoder. In this case, we have a 33/66 scheme at 850bps providing a minimum pulse width of 392us ((1/850)/3).The minimum demodulator bandwidth is determined as 0.65 / 392us (= 1.66 kHz). Looking at the MICRF011BM data sheet on page 3, we see that the filter bandwidth closest to, but greater than, 1.66kHz corresponds to SEL0 = 1 (open) and SEL1 = 0 (short to ground). The next step is to calculate the Cth capacitor (C5). The Cth value is frequency dependent and for the purpose of this example, we will consider the calculation for 315 MHz. We need to know: The bit period (BP) The reference oscillator frequency (REFOSC), Rsc (internal resistor value at chosen reference oscillator frequency) These are 1.18ms, 4.8970 MHz (high-side mixing) and 118.1kOhms respectively. Rsc is calculated from the following equation: Rsc = (4.90 / REFOSC [MHz]) * 118k. The Cth capacitor is obtained by: Cth = 5 * BP / Rsc, =49.97nF (nearest commercial value is 47nF). The optimal Cth value is dependent on the transmitter data format and may end up being very different from the calculated value (values may be as high as 2.2uF). For example if the pulse modulation scheme is without a preamble the optimal Cth value will be different. If a software squelch is not in used or more precise timing is required in the demodulation, the network R5, R3, and R7 can be included to create an offset in the demodulator threshold detector. This offset performs a squelch and will result in a loss of range. To calculate the reference oscillator frequency we need to know the local oscillator frequency calculated by: flo = fcarrier + 1.064 * fcarrier / 390, flo = 315MHz + 1.064 * 315MHz / 390 = 315.86 MHz. The reference oscillator frequency is determined using: REFOSC = flo / 64.5 = 315.86 MHz / 64.5 = 4.8970 MHz. In this example we are using high-side mixing, if low-side is used or if the MICRF011BM is used in swept mode, a different reference oscillator frequency would be required (flo = fcarrier 1.064 * fcarrier / 390 for low-side mixing, and REFOSC = fcarrier / 64.25 in swept mode). Capacitor C1 is not placed and the pads are provided in case an external signal generation is to be used in place of a resonator. If using a signal generator a signal level of 500mVp should not be exceeded. Cagc (C6) capacitor values may vary depending on the application. Practical values vary from 0.1uF to 4.7uF. Components Q1, R4, R6, and C7 are not placed. They have the function to charge Cagc much faster if it is needed.

RX2-xxx Receiver

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Micrel

The decoder circuit is made of primarily of a PIC microcontroller PIC16C54C. For more information on how to obtain the firmware and samples, go to www.microchip.com.
0 1 2 3 J3 CON4 S S S S 1 2 3 4 +5VDIG +5VPIC L5 PCBCOIL

Decode r
U2 PIC16C54C-04SO 17 18 1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

R8

1kohm

D1

LEARN

R9 10kohm

C8 0.1uF 16V

R10 DO R11

1kohm

D2

S0 GREEN

14 5 4 3

VDD VSS MCLR RTCC

RA0 RA1 RA2 RA3 RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3 RB4 RB5 RB6 RB7

1kohm

D3

S1 YELOW

C9 1uF 16V

R13

1kohm

D4

S2 RED

R12 10kohm 16 15 C10 10pF 50V OSC1 CLKOUT

R14

(NP)

D5

(NP)

U3 93LC46B R15 47kohm R16 1kohm 1 2 3 4 CS Vcc SK NC DI NC DO GND 8 7 6 5

+5VPIC

C11 0.1uF 16V

S2 LEARN INIT

RX2-xxx Receiver

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Micrel

Layout Considerations
The board was designed using a two sided 0.062 inch thick FR4 material with 1 ounce copper clad. Four layers are shown for your reference. They are the top layer, bottom layer, silkscreen top, and drilling. All the layers are available in gerber x format. The other layers in the Web site not shown here may be useful in the manufacturing process. They are the mask and paste layers. As with any RF design, the layout should be done with care, taking into consideration all sources of noise, internal and external to the circuit. Normally, the decoder is a huge internal source of noise, that noise could impact the receiver sensitivity reducing the performance of the receiver. To avoid such problems, the RF ground is separated from the digital ground through a PCB inductor. Also, a small portion of ground plane is place on the top section of the decoder right at the oscillator, which is as far as possible from the receiver RF section. This ground plane serves to trap the noise radiated from the decoder oscillator. The Vdd lines are separated through PCB inductors, and the power supply has large value decoupling capacitors to filter any conductive noise. On the receiver side, avoid running ground traces on the top. Use separate vias for each ground connection. It is very important that the ground plane is solid without traces running on the bottom. Try to run the Vdd traces as close as possible to a ground plane or a ground trace. The outer RF ground trace on the top of the receiver section has several purposes. First, it will provide room for a metal can if one is needed. Second, it terminates the ground plane on the bottom and third, it gives further separation from the decoder. As mentioned before, the decoupling capacitors for the Vdd lines should be as close as possible to the Vdd pins.

Top Layer

Bottom Layer

Drilling Plot

Silkscreen Top

Setting Receiver Maximum Data Rate Sweep Mode

RX2-xxx Receiver

QwikradioTM

Micrel

Bill of Materials (Parts not placed are not shown in the bill of materials) RX2-315
Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 QTY Part Number 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Description Reference ANT1 BT1 C2 C3 C4 C8 C11 C5 C6 C9 C10 C12 C13 C14 D1 D2 D3 D4 D6 L1 L2 L3 L4 R2 R8 R10 R11 R13 R16 R9 R12 R15 SAW1 S1 S2 U1 U2 U3 U4 Y1 MFR

23.1 cm antenna (9.1 inches) 22 Awg wire 9 volts battery GRM39COG5R6D50 5.6pF 50 0603 NPO Ceramic capacitor GRM39COG5R6D50 5.6pF 50V 0603 NPO Ceramic capacitor GRM39X7R104K16 0.1uF 16V 0603 X7R Ceramic capacitor GRM39X7R104K16 0.1uF 16V 0603 X7R Ceramic capacitor GRM39X7R104K16 0.1uF 16V 0603 X7R Ceramic capacitor GRM39X7R473K16 47nF 16V 0603 X7R Ceramic capacitor GRM40X5R225K6.3 2.2uF 6.3V 0805 X5R Ceramic capacitor GRM40X7R105K16 1uF 16V 0805 X7R Ceramic capacitor GRM39COG100D50 10pF 50V 0603 NPO Ceramic capacitor 293 0475X 9016 A2M 4.7uF 16V Tant Size A ,Tantalum capacitor 293 0475X 9016 A2M 4.7uF 16V Tant Size A ,Tantalum capacitor GRM39X7R471K50 470pF 50V 0603 X7R Ceramic capacitor SML-LX1206IC-TR Red LED, 1206, Learn function SML-LX1206GC-TR Green LED, 1206, S0 function SML-LX1206YC-TR Yellow LED, 1206, S1 function SML-LX1206IC-TR Red LED, 1206, S2 function SML-LX1206GC-TR Green LED, 1206, ON/OFF function LQN21A82NJ04 82nH wire wound 0805 inductor LQN21A82NJ04 82nH wire wound 0805 inductor 0603CS-72NX_BC 72nH wire wound 0603 inductor 0603CS-18NX_BC 18nH wire wound 0603 inductor CRCW06030R0 0 ohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603102J 1kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603102J 1kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603102J 1kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603102J 1kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603102J 1kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603103J 10kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603103J 10kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603473J 47kohm 0603 resistor B3551 315 MHz SAW Filter G105-0513 ON / OFF switch B3F-1022 Switch 6mm Momentarily 150g, Learn MICRF011BM QwikRadio Receiver IC, SO14 PIC16C54C-04SO Microcontroller, SO18 93LC46B Memory, SO8 MIC5205-5.0BM5 5-volt LDO Voltage Regulator, SOT23 AB-4.8970MHZ-20-D 4.8970 MHz leaded crystal, HC-49 Package

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RX2-xxx Receiver

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Bill of Materials (Parts not placed are not shown in the bill of materials) RX2-433
Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 QTY Part Number 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Description Reference ANT1 BT1 C2 C3 C4 C8 C11 C5 C6 C9 C10 C12 C13 C14 D1 D2 D3 D4 D6 L1 L2 L3 L4 R2 R8 R10 R11 R13 R16 R9 R12 R15 SAW1 S1 S2 U1 U2 U3 U4 Y1 MFR

16.8 cm antenna (6.6 inches) 22 Awg wire 9 volts battery GRM39COG5R6D50 5.6pF 50 0603 NPO Ceramic capacitor GRM39COG5R6D50 5.6pF 50V 0603 NPO Ceramic capacitor GRM39X7R104K16 0.1uF 16V 0603 X7R Ceramic capacitor GRM39X7R104K16 0.1uF 16V 0603 X7R Ceramic capacitor GRM39X7R104K16 0.1uF 16V 0603 X7R Ceramic capacitor GRM39X7R683K16 68nF 16V 0603 X7R Ceramic capacitor GRM40X5R225K6.3 2.2uF 6.3V 0805 X5R Ceramic capacitor GRM40X7R105K16 1uF 16V 0805 X7R Ceramic capacitor GRM39COG100D50 10pF 50V 0603 NPO Ceramic capacitor 293 0475X 9016 A2M 4.7uF 16V Tant Size A ,Tantalum capacitor 293 0475X 9016 A2M 4.7uF 16V Tant Size A ,Tantalum capacitor GRM39X7R471K50 470pF 50V 0603 X7R Ceramic capacitor SML-LX1206IC-TR Red LED, 1206, Learn function SML-LX1206GC-TR Green LED, 1206, S0 function SML-LX1206YC-TR Yellow LED, 1206, S1 function SML-LX1206IC-TR Red LED, 1206, S2 function SML-LX1206GC-TR Green LED, 1206, ON/OFF function LQN21A33NJ04 33nH wire wound 0805 inductor LQN21A33NJ04 33nH wire wound 0805 inductor 0603CS-36NX_BC 36nH wire wound 0603 inductor 0603CS-10NX_BC 10nH wire wound 0603 inductor CRCW06030R0 0 ohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603102J 1kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603102J 1kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603102J 1kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603102J 1kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603102J 1kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603103J 10kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603103J 10kohm 0603 resistor CRCW0603473J 47kohm 0603 resistor B3550 433.92 MHz SAW Filter G105-0513 ON / OFF switch B3F-1022 Switch 6mm Momentarily 150g, Learn MICRF011BM QwikRadio Receiver IC, SO14 PIC16C54C-04SO Microcontroller, SO18 93LC46B Memory, SO8 MIC5205-5.0BM5 5-volt LDO Voltage Regulator, SOT23 AB-6.7458MHZ-20-D 6.7458 MHz leaded crystal, HC-49 Package

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RX2-xxx Receiver

QwikradioTM

Micrel