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Module Wise 1 Mark Questions

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Module Wise 1 Mark Questions

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Module wise 1 mark questions

November 18, 2024

Introduction to Statistics
1. Define statistics in one sentence.

2. What is the primary goal of statistics?

3. Name two main branches of statistics.

4. Give one example of a numerical variable.

5. What type of data is represented by gender (male/female)?

6. Mention one application of statistics in data science.

7. What is the difference between categorical and numerical data?

8. What is meant by descriptive statistics?

9. What is the role of inferential statistics?

10. Name two types of categorical data.

11. What is a sample in statistics?

12. State one difference between a population and a sample.

13. What does ”scope of statistics” refer to?

14. Define nominal data with an example.

15. Define ordinal data with an example.

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16. What is a quantitative variable?

17. Mention one example of how statistics is used in business.

18. Which type of data (categorical or numerical) does temperature belong


to?

19. What is a variable in statistics?

20. State one key characteristic of inferential statistics.

Correlation and Simple Linear Regression


1. Define bivariate data.

2. What is a scatter diagram used for?

3. State one example of bivariate data.

4. What does a positive correlation indicate?

5. What does a negative correlation indicate?

6. Define correlation in one sentence.

7. Name the two types of correlation coefficients.

8. What is the range of the Pearson correlation coefficient?

9. Define rank correlation.

10. Who developed the rank correlation coefficient?

11. What is the goal of simple linear regression?

12. Write the general form of a simple linear regression equation.

13. State one assumption of linear regression.

14. What is the principle of least squares used for?

15. What is the residual in regression analysis?

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16. Define an attribute in statistics.

17. What does consistency of data mean in the context of attributes?

18. Give one example of independent attributes.

19. What is a measure of association used for?

20. What is a contingency table used to analyze?

Sampling Techniques
1. What is a population in statistics?

2. Define a sample in statistics.

3. Mention one difference between a population and a sample.

4. What is the primary purpose of sampling?

5. State one advantage of using a sample instead of a population.

6. What is probability sampling?

7. Name one type of probability sampling technique.

8. Define non-probability sampling.

9. Name one type of non-probability sampling technique.

10. What is the key difference between probability and non-probability


sampling?

11. Define sampling bias.

12. What is a sampling error?

13. State one example of a sampling error.

14. How can sampling bias be minimized?

15. What is a non-sampling error?

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16. Why is sample size important in research?

17. Mention one factor that affects sample size determination.

18. What is the relationship between sample size and margin of error?

19. What is the significance of confidence level in sample size determina-


tion?

20. State one practical constraint in determining sample size.

Basic Probability Concepts


1. Define an event in probability.

2. What is a sample space?

3. State the range of a probability value.

4. Write one of the probability axioms.

5. What is the probability of a certain event?

6. Define conditional probability.

7. State the formula for conditional probability.

8. What does it mean if two events are independent?

9. If P (A ∩ B) = P (A)P (B), what does it imply about A and B?

10. State an example of two independent events.

11. Write the formula for Bayes’ Theorem.

12. State one application of Bayes’ Theorem.

13. What is the prior probability in Bayes’ Theorem?

14. Define posterior probability in the context of Bayes’ Theorem.

15. Mention one real-life example where Bayes’ Theorem is used.

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16. Define a random variable.

17. What is a joint distribution?

18. State the difference between a discrete and a continuous random vari-
able.

19. Write the formula for the expected value of a random variable.

20. What does the variance of a random variable measure?

Probability Distributions
1. What is a discrete probability distribution?

2. State the formula for the probability mass function (PMF) of a Bino-
mial distribution.

3. What does the parameter p represent in a Binomial distribution?

4. Give one example of a real-life scenario modeled by the Poisson distri-


bution.

5. State the mean and variance of a Poisson distribution.

6. Define the geometric distribution.

7. What is the key property of a geometric distribution?

8. What is a continuous probability distribution?

9. State the formula for the probability density function (PDF) of a uni-
form distribution.

10. What is the shape of the PDF of a uniform distribution?

11. Define the exponential distribution in one sentence.

12. What is the memoryless property of the exponential distribution?

13. Write the standard normal distribution equation.

14. What is the mean and variance of a standard normal distribution?

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15. State one example of a phenomenon modeled by the normal distribu-
tion.

16. When can the Binomial distribution be approximated by a normal dis-


tribution?

17. Why is a continuity correction used in normal approximation?

18. What is the condition for a Poisson distribution to be approximated


by a normal distribution?

19. What is a sampling distribution?

20. State the central limit theorem.

21. Why is the central limit theorem important in statistics?

Hypothesis Testing
1. What is a null hypothesis?

2. Define the alternative hypothesis.

3. What symbol is commonly used to represent the null hypothesis?

4. State one example of a null hypothesis.

5. What is the main objective of hypothesis testing?

6. Define a Type I error in hypothesis testing.

7. Define a Type II error in hypothesis testing.

8. What is the power of a test?

9. What is the relationship between the power of a test and Type II error?

10. Which error occurs when a true null hypothesis is rejected?

11. What is a test statistic?

12. Name one commonly used test statistic.

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13. Why is the test statistic compared to a critical value?

14. Define the critical region in hypothesis testing.

15. In which step of hypothesis testing is the test statistic calculated?

16. What is a p-value?

17. What does a smaller p-value indicate about the null hypothesis?

18. If the p-value is less than the significance level, what decision is made
about the null hypothesis?

19. State one advantage of using p-values in hypothesis testing.

20. What is the typical significance level used in hypothesis testing?

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