EE 3511 Power Electronics Lab Manual

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
EE 3511 POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY
LABORATORY RECORD
Submitted by
NAME :
REGISTER NUMBER :
BRANCH : EEE
SEM/YEAR : V/III
1
Shree Sathyam
College of Engineering &Technology
SANKARI, SALEM (DT) - 637301.
DEPARMENT OF
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Certified that to be the Record of laboratory work

done by Mr. /Ms. Class
Reg.No Semester in the subject
Laboratory
during the academic year
Staff in charge Head of the Department
Submitted for the Anna University Practical Examination held on
Internal Examiner External Examiner
2
3
SYLLABUS
EE 3511 - POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Characteristics of SCR and Triac
2. Characteristics of MOSFET and IGBT
3. AC to DC half controlled converter
4. AC to DC fully controlled Converter
5. Step down and step up MOSFET based choppers
6. IGBT based single phase PWM inverter
7. IGBT based three phase PWM inverter
8. AC Voltage controller
9. Switched mode power converter.
10. Simulation of PE circuits (1Φ & 3Φ semi converter, 1Φ & 3Φ full converter,
DC-DC converters, AC voltage controllers)
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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
FIRST CYCLE
1. Characteristics of SCR and Triac
2. Characteristics of MOSFET and IGBT
3. AC to DC half controlled converter
4. AC to DC fully controlled Converter
5. Step down and step up MOSFET based choppers
SECOND CYCLE
6. IGBT based single phase PWM inverter
7. IGBT based three phase PWM inverter
8. AC Voltage controller
9. Switched mode power converter.
11. Simulation of PE circuits (1Φ & 3Φ semi converter, 1Φ & 3Φ full converter,
dc dc converters, ac voltage controllers).
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CONTENTS
EX. PAGE
NO DATE TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT NO MARKS SIGNATURE
CONTENTS
EX. PAG MARK SIGNATUR
NO DATE TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT E NO S E
Circuit diagram:
Ex. No: Date:
CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR
AIM: To Conduct the experiment of the static V-I characteristics of the given SCR.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
i. PEC16M1A Device module - 1 No.

ii. Ammeters (0-200mA) DC - 2 Nos.
iii. Voltmeter (0-30V) DC - 1 No.
iv. Patch chords.
THEORY:
SCR is a four-layer semiconductor device with three pn junctions. The three terminals are an-
ode, cathode & gate. When anode voltage is made positive with respect to cathode, junctions J1 & J2 are
forward biased & J3 is reverse biased. So only leakage current flows through the circuit and the SCR is in
the OFF state.
When anode to cathode voltage is increased to a larger value and J 1 & J2 break down. There will
be free movement of carriers across the three junctions and the device is in the conduction state. In the
ON state anode an external resistance R limits the current.
The anode current must be more than a value known as latching current in order to maintain re-
quired amount of current flow across the junction. However, an SCR is turned off when current is below
holding current.
CONNECTION PROCEDURE:
o Connect SCR’s anode, cathode & gate terminals to SCR characteristic circuit.
o Connect Ammeter in gate terminal as shown in the front panel.
o Connect Ammeter in anode terminal as indicated in the front terminal.
o Connect Voltmeter across anode and cathode terminal to measured VAK.
TABULATION:
IG = (mA) IG = (mA)
Sl.
No.
VAK (V) IA (mA) VAK (V) IA (mA)
MODEL GRAPH:
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
o Switch on the 230 V AC supply through two-pin power chord.

o Keep the gate current (IG) as certain value like 5mA.
o Now slowly increase the anode-cathode voltage (VAK) by varying the pot till the thyristor get
turned on, note down ammeter (IA), Voltmeter (VAK) and note the anode current (IA).
o Now find out the break over voltage (VBR) and note the anode current (IA)
o Further increase the anode-cathode voltage (VAK) till the thyristor turn off and measure the
holding current (IH). For various gate current take the reading and tabulate.
RESULT:
Thus the VI characteristics of SCR were drawn.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Exp. No.: Date :
CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIAC
AIM: Conduct the experiment to study the static V-I characteristics of the given TRIAC.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
i. PEC16M1A Device module. - 1 No.
iv. Patch chords.
THEORY:
A device that contains two SCR's back-to-back, but with a single trigger, is called a TRIAC.
Switching characteristics of TRIAC is same as SCR, however TRIAC conducts for both cycles of the AC
supply. As the TRIAC can control current in both directions, it is widely used to control application of
AC power to various types of loads. It gives full-wave AC control with no extra components, and is very
convenient. Like SCR, TRIAC is a three terminal device.
Instead of anode and cathode terminals, here the main terminals are referred as MT 1 and MT2,
since there is no fix polarity at terminals. The terminal MT1 is the reference point for measurement of
voltage and current at the gate terminal. The gate terminal (G) is connected to the PN junction at the same
end as MT1. A TRIAC can be used as an AC switch, It can also be used to control AC power applied to
load, but a special triggering device is needed to ensure proper functioning of TRIAC, since the TRIAC
is not equally sensitive to the gate current flowing in opposite direction.
A TRIAC operates in the same way as the SCR however it operates in both a forward and reverse
direction. To get a quick understanding of its operation refer to its characteristic curve below and compare
this to the SCR characteristic curve. It can be triggered into conduction by either a PLUS (+) or MINUS
(-) gate signal
TABULATION:
Forward Reverse
Sl. IG = (mA) IG = (mA)
No.
VAK (V) IA (mA) VAK (V) I A(mA)
o Connect MT2 terminal of TRIAC positive with respect to MT1 and gate current also positive.
o Connect Ammeter to the gate terminal as shown in the front panel.
o Connect Ammeter to the anode terminal as indicated in the front panel.
o Connect the voltmeter across the TRIAC, MT1 and MT2 to measure V.
o Now switch on the 230 V AC supply through the two-pin power chord.
o Vary the pot 3 and set the gate current (IG).
o Slowly increase the MT1-MT2 (V) voltage by varying the POT till the TRIAC is turned on and
note down the voltage (V), current (I) and tabulate.
o Now measure the break over voltage VBO1.
o Further increase the voltage and note the current.
o Tabulate the reading in the table and plot the graph.
o To obtain the reverse characteristics of TRIAC interchange the connections of MT2 and MT1.
RESULT:
Thus the VI characteristics of TRIAC were studied and graph was drawn.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Exp. No.: Date :
CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET
AIM: To study and conduct a experiment for the Transfer and output characteristics of the given
MOSFET.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
iv. Patch chords.
THEORY:
The power MOSFET has three terminals namely drain, source and gate. The drain and source are
called as power terminals and the gate is called as control terminals. The control voltage to implement to
turn on is applied between the gate & the source terminals. The direction of the direct current flow in an
N- channel device is from the drain to the source. This results from the flow of electrons from the source
to the drain.
If the drain terminal is made positive with respect to the source without gate voltage, no current
flow from the drain to the source because the junction between the N drain region and the P island is
reverse biased. Only a small reverse leakage current flows which is negligibly small. This is the off state
of the power MOSFET. The power MOSFET is widely used in analog and digital signal processing cir-
cuits both in discrete and integrated circuits.
TABULATION:
DRAIN CHARACTERISTIC:
VGS = VGS =
Sl.
No.
VDS (V) ID (mA) VDS (V) ID (mA)
VGS = VGS =
Sl.
No. VDS (V) ID (mA) VDS (V) ID (mA)
MODEL GRAPH:
DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS
o Connect MOSFET drain, source, and gate terminal to MOSFET characteristic circuit.
o Connect voltmeter across the gate –source terminal.
o Connect Ammeter in drain terminal.
o Connect Voltmeter across the drain and source terminal to measure VDS.
o Switch on the 230 V supply.

o Keep the gate to source – voltage (VGS) at particular voltage by varying the pot.
o Smoothly vary the drain to source voltage till the MOSFET gets turned on and note down the
o Voltmeter (VDS) and Ammeter (ID) reading.
o Further increase the VDS voltage and note down the current ID.
o Repeat the same procedure for different values of Vgs.
o From the readings calculate GM & RDS.
o Draw a graph between VDS & ID keeping VGS as a constant. Calculate the pinch off voltage
TABULATION:
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC
VDS =
Sl.
No. VGS (V) ID (mA)
MODEL GRAPH:
CONNECTION PROCEDURE
o Connect MOSFET drain, source and gate terminal to MOSFET characteristics circuit.
o Connect Volt meter across the gate- source terminal as shown in the connection diagram.
o Connect Ammeter in drain terminal as indicated in the connection diagram.
o Connect Voltmeter across the drain and source terminal.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
o Now switch on the 230V AC supply.

o Keep the drain -source voltage (VDS) at particular voltage by varying pot2.
o Smoothly vary the gate-source (VGS) voltage by varying pot1 till the MOSFET get turn on and
note the voltmeter (VGS) , Ammeter(ID) readings as shown in the table 5.
o Further increase the gate-source (VGS) voltage and note the current ID.
o For different values of drain - source voltage (VDS) note the VGS Vs ID readings as shown in the
table.
o Plot the VGS Vs ID in a graph sheet.
RESULT:
Thus the output characteristics of MOSFET were studied and graph was plotted.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Exp. No.: Date :
CHARACTERISTICS OF IGBT
AIM: To Conduct the experiment of Transfer and output characteristics of the given IGBT.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
iv. Patch chords.
THEORY:
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)
IGBT is a new development in the area of power MOSFET technology. This device combines the
advantage of both MOSFET and BJT. So an IGBT has high input impedance like a MOSFET and a low
on-state power loss as a BJT. Further IGBT is free from second breakdown problem present in BJT.
IGBT is also known as metal oxide insulated gate transistor conductively modulated field effect
transistor (COMFET) or gain modulated FET (GEMFET). It was also initially called insulated gate tran-
sistor (IGT).
IGBT Characteristics
Static V-I or output characteristics of an IGBT (n-channel type) shows the plot of collector cur-
rent IC versus collector emitter voltage VCE for various values of gate emitter voltages. These character-
istics are shown in figure. In the forward direction, the shape of the output characteristics is similar to that
of BJT. But here the controlling parameter is gate-emitter voltage VCE because IGBT is a voltage
controlled device.
The transfer characteristics of an IGBT is a plot of collector current IC versus gate emitter volt-
age VCE. This characteristic is identical to the power MOSFET. When V GE is less than the threshold
voltage VGET is in the off- state.
TABULATION:
DRAIN CHARACTERISTIC:
VGE = VGE = VGE = VGE =

Sl.
No.
VCE (V) IC (mA) VCE (V) IC (mA) VCE (V) IC (mA) VCE (V) IC (mA)
MODEL GRAPH:
o Connect IGBT Collector, Emitter and Gate terminal to IGBT characteristics circuit.
o Connect Volt meter across Gate-Emitter terminal as shown in the connection diagram.
o Connect Ammeter in Collector terminal as indicated in the connection diagram.
o Connect Voltmeter across the Collector and Emitter terminal.
o Now switch on the 230V AC supply.
o Keep the Collector - Emitter (VCE) voltage at particular voltage by varying pot2.
o Smoothly vary the Gate - Emitter (VGE) voltage by varying pot 1 till the IGBT get turn on and
note the voltmeter (VGE) , Ammeter(IC) readings as shown in the table 6.
o Further increase the Gate - Emitter (VGE) voltage and note the current IC.
o For different values of Collector- Emitter voltage (VCE), note the readings in the table
o Plot the VCE Vs IC in a graph sheet.
VCE =
Sl.
No. VGE (V) IC (mA)
MODEL GRAPH:
CONNECTION PROCEDURE
o Connect the IGBT Collector, Emitter and Gate terminal to IGBT characteristics circuit.
o Connect Volt meter across Gate-Emitter terminal as shown in the connection diagram.
o Connect Ammeter in Collector terminal as indicated in the connection diagram.
o Voltmeter is connected to the in between Collector and Emitter terminal.
o Now switch on the 230 V AC supply.
o Keep the Gate - Emitter (VGE) voltage at particular voltage by varying pot1.
o Smoothly vary the Collector - Emitter (VCE) voltage by varying pot2 till the IGBT get turn on
and note the voltmeter (VCE) , Ammeter(IC) readings as shown in the table
o Further increase the Collector - Emitter (VCE) voltage and note the current IC.
o For different values of Gate - Emitter voltage (VGE), note the VCE Vs IC readings as shown in the
table
o To calculate GM , RDS values and plot the VCE Vs IC in a graph sheet.
RESULT:
Thus the Transfer and output characteristics of IGBT were studied and graph was plotted.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULATION:
Firing angle ( ) Measured

Sl. No. Calculated Value Vs (volt)
Voltage (V)
Exp. No.: Date :
AC –DC HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTER
AIM: With a suitable experiment obtain the output waveform and output voltage for various firing an-
gle for Single Phase Semi-converter using R-L and R-L-E loads
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
i. Semi controlled converter Power circuit kit - 1 No.

ii. Semi controlled converter firing circuit kit - 1 No.
iii. Auto Transformer - 1 No.
iv. PMDC Motor Load - 1 No.
v. Patch Cards
THEORY:
Controlled rectifiers are those whose output voltage can be controlled by varying the firing angle
of the SCR. During the positive half-cycle. SCR1 & D2 are forward biased and starts conducting when
trigger pulses are given simultaneously. During negative half-cycle SCR2& D1 are forward biased and it
starts conducting. In the trigger circuit synchronization must be obtained from the supply voltage other
than SCR voltage and trigger pulse must be continuous during the conduction period.
o Connect the power circuit.

o Connect the 24V AC input to the bridge circuit.
o Connect the load consisting of L and R across the output terminals of the bridge converter.
o Connect the gating signals to the SCRs.
o Ensure proper connection of the circuit as shown in figure
o Switch ON power supply to CRO and the input power module.
o Connect the CRO probes to observe the waveforms of the input ac voltage, output voltage and
voltage across any one of the SCR.
Average output voltage Vdc = (1+ cos )
Firing angle =
Vm = Maximum Voltage in volt
T = Total time for one angle and t off = Triggering time.
MODEL GRAPH:
CALCULATION:
o Output Voltage Vo
1⁄
𝑚 1 1 2
𝑉 = { (𝜋 − 𝛼) + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼}
𝑜 √2 𝜋 2
o Take the waveforms at different firing angle.

o Plot the input and load voltage waveforms in the graph sheet.
o Measure the average DC output voltage and rms AC input voltage with a digital multimeter.
Switch off power supply to the circuit.
RESULT: Thus the output waveform and output voltage for various firing angle was drawn for Single
Phase Semi-converter.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULATION:
Firing angle ( ) Measured

Sl. No. Calculated Value Vs (volt)
Voltage (V)
Exp. No.: Date :
AC –DC FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER
AIM: To obtain the output waveform and output voltage for various firing angle for Single Phase Full -
converter using R-L and R-L-E loads
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
i. Full controlled converter Power circuit kit - 1 No.
ii. Full controlled converter firing circuit kit - 1 No.
iii. Auto Transformer - 1 No.
iv. PMDC Motor Load - 1 No.
v. Patch Cards
THEORY:
The single phase fully controlled rectifier consists of 4 SCRs and load R. During the positive half-
cycle SCR1&2 are forward –biased and when this SCR is fired simultaneously at a firing angle w the load
is connected to the input supply. During the negative half-cycle the SCRs 3 &4 are forward biased and
SCRs 1&2 are turned off due to line or natural commutation.
o Connect the power module and controller to the supply mains.

o Connect PWM output of the controller module to PWM input of the power module using pulse
cable.
o Connect the pulse of (K1, G1) to gate of SCR1 (K1, G1) using patch chords.
o Connect the cathode of SCR1(K1) to cathode of SCR3(K3) and anode of SCR4(A4) to anode of
SCR2(A2).
Average output voltage Vdc = 2 Vm cos

π
Firing angle =
Vm = Maximum Voltage in volts

T = Total time for one angle
t off = Triggering time.
MODEL GRAPH:
CALCULATION:
o Connect the 24 V terminals of 16 Ext transformer to P,N terminals of SCR power module
o Connect the cathode of SCR1(K1) to R load (24 V lamp)one end and another to the anode of
SCR4(A4).
o Connect the PEC 16 Ext transformer input to 230V AC supply using power chord.
o Connect the CRO terminals across the load.
RESULT: Thus the output waveform and output voltage for various firing angle was drawn for
Single Phase full-converter.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
STEP UP CHOPPER
STEP DOWN CHOPPER

Exp. No.: Date :
STEP DOWN AND STEP UP MOSFET BASED CHOPPERS
AIM: To construct Step down & Step up MOSFET based choppers and to draw its output response.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
i. VSMPS-07A - 1 No
ii. Pulse patch chord
iii. Power chord
THEORY :
The block diagram of Buck Boost Converter consists of

i. PWM Generator
ii. Optoisolator
iii. Driver
iv. MOSFET switch
v. Filter
i. PWM Generator (TL494)

PWM signal is generated from the TL 494 IC. PWM generation is done by the comparison of
the saw tooth waveform and the reference voltage signal. Sawtooth wave generator, a comparator and
other auxiliary circuits are integrated on the chip.
ii. Optoisolator (6N137 or 4506)

The function of Optoisolator is to isolate the control circuit from power circuit. PWM signalfrom
TL494IC is not directly fed to the power circuit In order to protect the PWM signal it is essential to pro-
vide isolation circuit between power circuit and control circuit.
TABULATION:
STEP UP CHOPPER
Measured Calculated
Input Voltage Output Output
Sl.No. TON Toff T
Vin (V) Voltage Voltage
Vo (V) Vo (V)
STEP DOWN CHOPPER

Measured Calculated
Input Voltage Output Output
Sl.No. TON Toff T
Vin (V) Voltage Voltage
Vo (V) Vo (V)
iii. Driver (IR2110)
A MOSFET drive circuit is designed to connect the gate directly to a voltage bus with no in-
tervening resistance other than the impedance of the drive circuit switch. Gate driver acts as a high-
power buffer stage between the PWM output of the control device and gates of the primary power
switching MOSFET.
iv. MOSFET switch (IRF250)

MOSFET switch is used as a switching device in the Buck-Boost converter circuit. The PWM
signal from the driver IC is fed to the gate of the switch. The drain of the switch is connected to the pri-
mary of the isolation transformer.
v. Filter
This switched voltage signal undergoes rectification in the filter circuit. Finally rectified pure DC
signal is seen at the output terminal. Filter capacitor is used to eliminate unwanted ripples in the DC
output.
PROCEDURE:
o Switch on the power supply 24 V and MOSFET Module.
o Vary the control voltage min to max for step by step
o For each step ,note down the Ton and Toff
STEP UP CHOPPER
1
𝑉𝑜 = [
𝑇 𝑂𝑁 ] 𝑉 𝑆
1−
𝑇
STEP DOWN CHOPPER
𝑇𝑂𝑁
𝑉𝑜 = [ ]𝑉
𝑆
𝑇
Where, Vs = Converter Input Voltage

Vo = Converter Output Voltage
RESULT: Thus the operations of chopper were studied and waveforms were drawn.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULATION:
Sine wave
Carrier wave Modulation Calculated Measured
Sl.No. Amplitude
Freq (Hz) Index Value (volt) Voltage
(V)
Trapezoidal
wave Carrier wave Modulation Calculated Measured
Sl.No.
Amplitude Freq (Hz) Index Value (volt) Voltage
(V)
Square wave
Carrier wave Modulation Calculated Measured
Sl.No. Amplitude
Freq (Hz) Index Value (volt) Voltage
(V)
Exp. No.: Date :
IGBT BASED SINGLE – PHASE PWM INVERTER
AIM: To study the operation of single phase inverter operation by using sine, trapezoidal, square PWM
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
i. Single IGBT based PWM inverter kit - 1 No.
ii. CRO - 1 No.
iii. Single phase Load. - 1 No.
THEORY :
DC to AC converter is known as inverter. The function of an inverter is to change the DC input

voltage to a symmetrical output voltage of desired magnitude & frequency. The output voltage could be
fixed or variable at a fixed or variable frequency. Varying the input DC voltage and maintaining the gain
of the inverter constant can obtain a variable output voltage.
On the other hand if the DC input voltage is fixed and it is not controllable a variable output voltage
can be obtained by varying the gain of the inverter, which is normally accomplished by pulse width
modulation (PWM) controlled within the inverter. The inverter gain may be defines as the ratio of Ac
output voltage to DC input voltage.
It Consists of four S1, S2, S3, S4 and four inverse diodes D1, D2, D3, D4 the diodes are essential to
conduct the reactive current, and thereby to feed back the stored energy in the inductor to the DC source.
These diodes are known as feedback diodes. For many industrial applications the output AC voltage of
the inverter must be sinusoidal in shape and the amplitude and frequency must be controllable. This is
achieved by PWM of the inverter switches.
Output Voltage = MI x Vdc
MI = Modulation Index =
Vdc = Input DC voltage
Sl.No. MI Vo Vrms
PROCEDURE:
o Ensure that the circuit breaker and pulse release ON / OFF toggle switch are in OFF position
o Connect the R-L load across the output terminals Lo and No provided in the front panel. Include
an ammeter to measure the current and a voltmeter to measure the voltage.
o Connect the ac input at the input terminals L and N provided in the front panel. With the pulse
release ON / OFF switch and circuit breaker in OFF condition give the power to the inverter
module. This will ensure the control power supply to all control circuitry.
o Set the amplitude of the reference sine wave to minimum value.
o Keeping the pulse release ON / OFF switch in OFF position, switch ON the power supply to the
bridge rectifier.
o Release the gating signals to the inverter switches by turning ON the pulse release ON I OFF
switch.
o Observe the triangular carrier and the reference sine waveforms on the CRO.
o Measure the amplitude and frequency of the triangular carrier through CRO and note it down.
Adjust the sine wave frequency to about 50 Hz.
o Connect the CRO probes to observe the load voltage and current waveforms.
o Observe the load voltage and load current waveforms. Sketch the waveforms on a graph sheet to
scale for one cycle period of the inverter output frequency. Measure the amplitude of the voltage
pulses.
o Measure the output voltage either by using an analog meter or a digital multimeter
o Calculate the modulation index ma and the rms output voltage
o Increase the amplitude of the reference sine wave and note down its value.
o Repeat steps 8 to 13 for various amplitude of reference sine wave and tabulate the readings. Plot
the characteristics of modulation index versus output voltage.
RESULT:
The operation of the single-phase bridge inverter using IGBT, with sinusoidal pulse
width modulation has been studied.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MODEL GRAPH:
Exp. No.: Date :
IGBT BASED THREE – PHASE PWM INVERTER
AIM: To control the speed of a 3-phase induction motor using three phase voltage source PWM invert
er by (a) varying the stator voltage at a constant frequency and (b)keeping the Volts/Hz ratio
constant
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
i. Power circuit module
ii. Firing circuit module
iii. CRO
iv. 1 H.P. – 3- Phase induction motor
v. Tachometer
THEORY:
Inverters produce a sinusoidal ac output whose magnitude and frequency can be controlled. The
dc voltage is obtained by rectifying and filtering the line voltage most often by the diode rectifier cir-
cuits. In an ac motor load, the voltage at its terminals is desired to be sinusoidal and adjustable in its
magnitude and frequency. This is accomplished by means of the inverters, which accepts a dc voltage as
the input and produces the desired ac voltage input.
In PWM inverters, the input dc voltage is essentially constant in magnitude. DC voltage is ob-
tained by a diode rectifier, which is used to rectify the line voltage. The inverter must control the magni-
tude and the frequency of the ac output voltages. This is achieved by PWM of the inverter switches and
hence such inverters are called PWM inverters.
PROCEDURE:
o Keep the main switch in off position initially.

o Keep the MCB in off position. Check whether the kit is disconnected from the supply or not.
o phase of motor –V B
o phase of motor –W
o Switch on the main supply.
o Switch on the pulse release switch.
o Keep the frequency pot of the control voltage is in constant position.
o Amplitude pot of the control voltage is the variable one.
o Switch on the MCB. Now, voltmeter shows the output voltage of the bridge rectifier.
o For particular amplitude of control voltage with fixed frequency, the motor picks up speed and it
runs.
o Measure the speed of the motor using Tachometer.
o For various position of amplitude pot of reference sine wave, measure the speed.
o Find out the output voltages across u-v, v-w and w-u with the help of multimeter.
o Calculate the modulation index and the output voltage. The modulation index is given by ma =
Amplitude of sine wave / Amplitude of triangular wave.
o Increase the amplitude of the reference wave and calculate the modulation index. Then plot the
characteristics of modulation index versus output voltage.
o Follow the same procedure keeping voltage as fixed and varying the frequency. Also, the speed
of the motor is controlled by varying both the voltage and frequency.
o Also, draw the graph between speed and voltage for voltage control and speed versus V/f for V/f
control
RESULT:
Thus the speed of the induction motor is controlled using three phase voltage source
PWM inverter.
Single Phase AC Voltage Controller
Circuit Diagram
For R load
For RL load
Exp. No.: Date :
SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER
AIM: To Study the operation of single phase voltage controller and to obtain the output waveform and
output voltage for various firing angle using R-L load
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
i. Single phase voltage controller kit - 1No
ii. MultiMeter - 1No
iii. CRO - 1No
iv. Patch Cards - Required numbers
FORMULA USED:
Vrms = Vs [ 1 (π-𝘢+ sin 2𝝰) ]1/2

π 2
PROCEDURE:
o Give the circuit connections as per the circuit diagram.

o Connect the Gate, cathode for each thyristors
o By adjusting the firing angle , the output voltage is noted from CRO
o The firing angle is varied from 0-180 for each angle ,output voltage is noted
o Plot the characteristic curve for each variation of output
o Connect anode (A 1) of SCR 1 to cathode K3 of SCR3.

o Connect 24V AC P terminal to Al of SCR1.
o Connect R - Load 1 terminal to KI of SCR 1.
o Connect L - Load terminal '2' to N terminal of24V AC.
o Connect CRO probe across load terminals 1 and 2.
o Connect Voltmeter or digital multimeter across the load terminals.
TABULATION:
Measured output Voltage

Sl.No. Firing angle (𝛂) Calculated Value (volt)
(volt)
PULSE PATCHING:
o Connect G1K1 of Firing Circuit to G1K1 of SCR switch.
o Connect G2K2 of Firing Circuit to G2K2 of SCR switch.
EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE:
o Switch ON the trainer Power ON/OFF switch
o Place the switch S2 in SCR mode (Upward).
o Switch ON the 24V AC ON/OFF switch.
o Switch ON the Debounce Logic switch.
o Note down the peak value of AC input voltage Vm, triggering angle, and conduction angle.
o Adjust the firing Angle gradually and note down the output voltage. Calculate the output voltage
by using the above given formula.
o Plot the graph Vm Vs Angle (Triggering Angle, Conduction Angle).
RESULT: Thus the operation of single phase Ac voltage controller was studied and their output
waveforms were drawn.

Exp. No.: Date :
SIMULATION OF POWER ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS
AIM: To simulate the Power Electronics Circuits – Single phase and Three phase Converters , Single
phase and Three phase semi converter and Ac Voltage Regulator using MATLAB Software.
BASIC MATLAB
The name MATLAB stands for MATRIX LABORATORY. MATLAB was originally written
to provide easy access to matrix software developed by the LINPACK and EISPACK projects. Today,
MATLAB engines incorporate the LAPACK and BLAS libraries, embedding the state of the art in
software for matrix computation. It has evolved over a period of years with input from many users. In
university environments, it is the standard instructional tool for introductory and advanced courses in
MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. In industry, MATLAB is the tool of choice for
high productivity research, development, and analysis. MATLAB is a high-performance language for
technical computing. It integrates computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use envi-
ronment where problems and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation. Typical uses
include,
□ Math and computation Algorithm development

□ Data acquisition Modeling, simulation and prototyping
□ Data analysis, exploration, and visualization,
□ Scientific and engineering graphics
□ Application development, including graphical user interface building
It is an interactive system whose basic data element is an array that does not require dimension-
ing. This allows you to solve many technical computing problems, especially those with matrix and vec-
tor formulations, in a fraction of the time it would take to write a program in a scalar non-interactive
language such as C or FORTRAN. It also features a family of add-on application-specific solutions called
toolboxes. Very important to most users of MATLAB, toolboxes allow you to learn and apply specialized
technology. Toolboxes are comprehensive collections of MATLAB functions (M-files) that extend the
MATLAB environment to solve particular classes of problems. Areas in which toolboxes are available
include SIGNAL PROCESSING, CONTROL SYSTEMS, NEURAL NETWORKS, FUZZY
LOGIC, WAVELETS, SIMULATION, AND MANY OTHERS.
MATLAB MODEL:
OUTPUT WAVEFORMS:
Set AC Input Parameter
(Peak amplitude =100 V, Phase=0 deg and Frequency=50 Hz)
Set Pulse generator Parameter
(First pulse generator period=0.02 sec, Pulse width=50% and Phase delay=0.002 sec)
(Second pulse generator period=0.02 sec, Pulse width=50% and Phase delay=0.012 sec)
Result:
Ex.No: Date:
SIMULATION OF SINGLE PHASE SEMI CONVERTER
AIM:
To simulate single Phase Semi Converter circuit with R load in MATLAB - SimuLink.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
A PC with MATLAB package.
THEORY:
SINGLE PHASE SEMI CONVERTER
A semi converter uses two diodes and two thyristors and there is a limited control
over the level of dc output voltage. A semi converter is one quadrant converter. A one quadrant convert-
er has same polarity of dc output voltage and current at its output terminals and it is always positive. It is
also known as two- pulse converter. Figure shows half controlled rectifier with R load. This circuit con-
sists of two SCRs T1 and T2, two diodes D1 and D2.
During the positive half cycle of the ac supply, SCR T1 and diode D2 are forward biased when
the SCR T1 is triggered at a firing angle ωt = α, the SCR T1 and diode D2 comes to the on state. Now the
load current flows through the path L - T1- R load –D2 - N. During this period, we output voltage and
current are positive. At ωt = π, the load voltage and load current reaches to zero, then SCR T1 and diode
D2 comes to off state since supply voltage has been reversed. During the negative half cycle of the ac
supply, SCR T2 and diode D1 are forward biased.
When SCR T2 is triggered at a firing angle ωt = π + α, the SCR T2 and diode D1 comes to on state.
Now the load current flows through the path N - T2- R load – D1 -L. During this period, output voltage
and output current will be positive. At ωt = 2π, the load voltage and load current reaches to zero then
SCR T2 and diode D1 comes to off state since the voltage has been reversed. During the period (π + α to
2π) SCR T2 and diode D1 are conducting.
Vout= (√2Vs) (1+Cosα)/π
PROCEDURE:
o In MATLAB software open a new model in File->New->model.
o Start SIMULINK library browser by clicking the symbol in toolbar
o And Open the libraries that contain the blocks you will need. These usually will include the
sources, sinks, math and continuous function block and possibly other.
o Drag the needed blocks from the library folders to that new untitled Simulink window. You must
give it a name using the Save As menu command under the File menu heading. The assigned
filename is automatically appended with an .mdl extension.
o Arrange these blocks in orderly way corresponding by Matlab Model Shown Below.
o Interconnect the blocks by dragging the cursor from the output of one block to the input of an-
other block.
o Double click on any block having parameters that must be established and set these parameters.
o It is necessary to specify a stop time for the simulation; this is done by clicking on the simulation
parameters entry on the simulation-> parameters entry on the simulation toolbar.
o Now we are ready to simulate our block diagram. Press start icon to start the simulation. After
simulation is done, double click the scope block to display the output. Click the auto scale icon
in the display window to scale the axis as per variable range.
o Finally Save the Output.
RESULT:
Thus the simulation of single phase semi converter model is done and the output is verified using
MATLAB Simulink.
MATLAB MODEL:
OUTPUT WAVEFORMS:
Ex.No: Date:
SIMULATION OF SINGLE PHASE FULL CONVERTER
AIM:
To simulate single Phase Full Converter circuit with R load in MATLAB - SimuLink.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
THEORY:
SINGLE PHASE FULL CONVERTER
A fully controlled converter or full converter uses thyristors only and there is a wider control over
the level of dc output voltage. With pure resistive load, it is single quadrant converter. Here, both the
output voltage and output current are positive. With RL- load it becomes a two-quadrant converter. Here,
output voltage is either positive or negative but output current is always positive. Figure shows the
quadrant operation of fully controlled bridge rectifier with R-load. Fig shows single phase fully con-
trolled rectifier with resistive load. This type of full wave rectifier circuit consists of four SCRs. During
the positive half cycle, SCRs T1 and T2 are forward biased. At ωt = α, SCRs T1 and T3 are triggered, and
then the current flows through the L – T1- R load – T3 – N. At ωt = π, supply voltage falls to zero and the
current also goes to zero. Hence SCRs T1 and T3 turned off. During negative half cycle (π to 2π).SCRs
T3 and T4 forward biased. At ωt = π + α, SCRs T2 and T4 are triggered, then current flows through the
path N – T2 – R load- T4 – L. At ωt = 2π, supply voltage and current goes to zero, SCRs T2 and T4 are
turned off.
The Fig-3, shows the current and voltage waveforms for this circuit. For large power dc loads, 3-
phase ac to dc converters are commonly used. The various types of three-phase phase-controlled con-
verters are 3 phase half-wave converter, 3-phase semi converter, 3-hase full controlled and 3-phase dual
converter. Three-phase half wave converter is rarely used in industry because it introduces dc compo- nent
in the supply current. Semi converters and full converters are quite common in industrial applications.
A dual is used only when reversible dc drives with power ratings of several MW are required. The
advantages of three phase converters over single phase converters are as under: In 3-phase converters, the
ripple frequency of the converter output voltage is higher than in single-phase converter. Conse- quently,
the filtering requirements for smoothing out the load current are less. The load current is mostly continuous
in 3-phase converters. The load performance, when 3- phase converters are used, is therefore superior as
compared to when single-phase converters are used.
Vout= (2Vs)(Cosα)/π
Iavg= Vavg/R
PROCEDURE:
o Drag the needed blocks from the library folders to that new untitled simulink window. You must
other block.
simulation is done, double click the scope block to display the output. Click the auto scale icon in
the display window to scale the axis as per variable range.
RESULT:
Thus the simulation of single phase Full converter model is done and the output is verified using
MATLAB Simulink.
MATLAB MODEL:
OUTPUT WAVEFORMS:
Ex.No: Date:
SIMULATION OF SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROL USING TRIAC
AIM:
To simulate single Phase AC Voltage Control Using TRIAC circuit with R load inMATLAB –
SimuLink.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
THEORY:
SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROL USING TRIAC

Triac is a bidirectional thyristor with three terminals. Triac is the word derived by combining the
capital letters from the words TRIode and AC. In operation triac is equivalent to two SCRs connected in
anti- parallel. It is used extensively for the control of power in ac circuit as it can conduct in both the
direction. Its three terminals are MT1 (main terminal 1), MT2 (main terminal 2) and G (gate).
PROCEDURE:

other block.
RESULT: Thus the simulation of single Phase AC Voltage Control Using TRIAC model is done
and the output is verified using MATLAB Simulink.
MATLAB MODEL:
DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER
DC-DC BUCK CONVERTER

Ex.No: Date:
SIMULATION OF DC-DC CONVERTERS
AIM:
To simulate DC-DC Converter circuit with R load in MATLAB - SimuLink.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
THEORY:
In this circuit, the transistor is either fully on or fully off; that is, driven between the extremes of
saturation or cutoff. By avoiding the transistor's active" mode (where it would drop substantial voltage
while conducting current), very low transistor power dissipations can be achieved. With little power
wasted in the form of heat, Switching" power conversion circuits are typically very efficient. Trace all
current directions during both states of the transistor. Also, mark the inductor's voltage polarity during
both states of the transistor.
PROCEDURE:
other block.
OUTPUT WAVEFORMS:
Set DC Input Parameter (Amplitude =12 V)
Set Inductor Parameter (Inductance=0.1 H)
Set Pulse generator Parameter (Period=10e-6 sec, Pulse width=50% and Phase
delay=0 sec)
DC-DC BUCK CONVERTER

Set DC Input Parameter (Amplitude =12 V)
Set Pulse generator Parameter (Period=10e-6 sec, Pulse width=50% and Phase
delay=0 sec)
RESULT:
Thus the simulation of dc-dc converters (Buck and Boost Converter) model is done and the out-
put is verified using MATLAB Simulink.
Ex.No: Date:
SIMULATION OF THREE PHASE CONVERTER
AIM:
To simulate three phase Converter circuit with RL load in MATLAB - SimuLink.
APPARATUS REQUIRED: A PC with MATLAB package.
THEORY:
Figure shows the circuit diagram of three phase bridge controlled rectifier. It consist of upper
group (T1,T3,T5) and lower group (T2,T4,T5) of thyristors.Thyristor T1 is forward biased ad can be
triggered for conduction only when Va is greater than both Vb and Vc. From figure this condition oc- curs
at wt=300. Hence T1 can be triggered only at wt=300.If firing angle is α, then T1 starts conduction at
wt=30 + α and conducts for 1200 where it get commutated by turning on of next thyristor ie,T3.Similarly
triggering instant for T3 and T5 are determined when considering Vb and Vc respectively. For lower
group T4,T6 and T2, negative voltages,ie,-Va,-Vb and -Vc respectively are considered. Thus the forward
bias instant and triggering instants are obtained as:
Thyristor Forward Bias Triggering instant (deg) Conduction period
T1 30 30+α 30+α to 150+α
T2 90 90+α 90+α to 210+α
T3 150 150+α 150+α to 270+α
T4 210 210+α 210+α to 330+α
T5 270 270+α 270+α to 390+α
T6 330 330+α 330+α to 450 +α
Average Value of output voltage is given by
where Vm is the maximum value of phase to neutral voltage
Average Value of output current is given by

where R is the load resistance
PROCEDURE:
MATLAB MODEL:
OUTPUT WAVEFORMS:
(For Va : Peak amplitude =245 V, Phase=0 deg and Frequency=50 Hz)
(For Vb : Peak amplitude =245 V, Phase= -120 deg and Frequency=50 Hz)
(For Vc : Peak amplitude =245 V, Phase=120 deg and Frequency=50 Hz)
Set Synchronized 6-Pulse Generator Parameter(Frequency=50 Hz, Pulse width=10 deg)
Set RL Branch Parameter (Resistance =1000 Ohms, Inductance =350e-3 H)
o Interconnect the blocks by dragging the cursor from the output of one block to the input of
another block.
o It is necessary to specify a stop time for the simulation; this is done by clicking on the
simulation parameters entry on the simulation-> parameters entry on the simulation toolbar.
simulation is done, double click the scope block to display the output. Click the auto scale
icon in the display window to scale the axis as per variable range.
RESULT:
Thus the simulation of three phase converter model is done and the output is verified
using MATLAB Simulink.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

EE 3511 POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Certified that to be the Record of laboratory work

Staff in charge Head of the Department

Submitted for the Anna University Practical Examination held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

EE 3511 - POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY

1. Characteristics of SCR and Triac

2. Characteristics of MOSFET and IGBT

3. AC to DC half controlled converter

4. AC to DC fully controlled Converter

5. Step down and step up MOSFET based choppers

6. IGBT based single phase PWM inverter

7. IGBT based three phase PWM inverter

9. Switched mode power converter.

1. Characteristics of SCR and Triac

2. Characteristics of MOSFET and IGBT

3. AC to DC half controlled converter

4. AC to DC fully controlled Converter

5. Step down and step up MOSFET based choppers

6. IGBT based single phase PWM inverter

7. IGBT based three phase PWM inverter

9. Switched mode power converter.

dc dc converters, ac voltage controllers).

i. PEC16M1A Device module - 1 No.

o Switch on the 230 V AC supply through two-pin power chord.

Thus the VI characteristics of SCR were drawn.

o Switch on the 230 V supply.

o Now switch on the 230V AC supply.

VGE = VGE = VGE = VGE =

Firing angle ( ) Measured

AC –DC HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTER

i. Semi controlled converter Power circuit kit - 1 No.

o Connect the power circuit.

Average output voltage Vdc = (1+ cos )

o Take the waveforms at different firing angle.

Firing angle ( ) Measured

AC –DC FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER

o Connect the power module and controller to the supply mains.

Average output voltage Vdc = 2 Vm cos

Vm = Maximum Voltage in volts

Single Phase full-converter.

STEP DOWN CHOPPER

STEP DOWN AND STEP UP MOSFET BASED CHOPPERS

The block diagram of Buck Boost Converter consists of

i. PWM Generator (TL494)

ii. Optoisolator (6N137 or 4506)

STEP DOWN CHOPPER

iv. MOSFET switch (IRF250)

Where, Vs = Converter Input Voltage

IGBT BASED SINGLE – PHASE PWM INVERTER

DC to AC converter is known as inverter. The function of an inverter is to change the DC input

Vdc = Input DC voltage

IGBT BASED THREE – PHASE PWM INVERTER

o Keep the main switch in off position initially.

SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

i. Single phase voltage controller kit - 1No

ii. MultiMeter - 1No