CRITICAL JOURNAL RIVIEW

English Morphology
Lecturer : Siti Ismahani, M.Hum

Written by :

Name : Sofiyani Nasution

Nim : 0304221003
Class : TBI1 4th Semester

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY NORTH SUMATERA

TARBIYAH AND TEACHERS TRAINING FACULTY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
2024
 PREFACE

Assalamu’alaikum.wr.wb

Thank you for the presence of Allah SWT who has given the blessings of health,
knowledge and happiness to all of us, because thanks to Allah SWT grace and blessing, I was
able to complete the critical journal riview.

Let's give blessings and greetings to the Prophet Muhammad Saw peace be upon him, in
which he has changed the times, from the jahiliyah era to the Islamic era. May we receive his
intercession on the Day of Judgment. Aamiin ya Rabbal Aalamin.

On this occasion, I would like to thank Mrs. Siti Ismahani, M.Hum as a lecturer in the
English Morphology course. I realize there are still many shortcomings in the writing of this
critical journal review. Therefore, I really accept criticism and suggestions to build this critical
journal riview to be even better. Thus, I have completed this task, hopefully what we get in this
critical journal review will be useful for the future.

Wassalamu’alaikum.wr.wb

Medan, 30 march 2024

Sofiyani Nasution

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE.................................................................................................................................................... 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER I ................................................................................................................................................ 3
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 3
A. Cover Journal .................................................................................................................................... 3
B. Journal Identity ................................................................................................................................. 3
C. Summary Of Journal ......................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II ............................................................................................................................................... 8
ANALYSIS OF JOURNAL ....................................................................................................................... 8
A. Journal Relevance to Learning Topics .............................................................................................. 8
B. The Strengh Of Journal ..................................................................................................................... 8
C. The Weakness Of Journal ................................................................................................................. 9
D. The Comparison Of Journal Contents ............................................................................................. 11
CHAPTER III ........................................................................................................................................... 12
CLOSING .................................................................................................................................................. 12
A. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 12
B. Suggestion ....................................................................................................................................... 12
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 13

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Cover Journal

Journal 1 Journal 2

B. Journal Identity
Journal 1
Tittle : The Error Analysis of Derivational Morphology in
EFL’S English Narrative Composition
Author : Paramita Kusumawardhani
Name of journal : IJOLE (International Journal Of Language Education)
Year of journal : 2018
Download link : https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole v2i1,4857
Vol/Issue/Page : Vol 2 Issue 1, pp. 22-30

Journal 2
Tittle : Derivational Morphology in English Language
Author : Hayu Uswatun Khasanah, Ega Dwi Adis S, Dewi
Rukayah, Madha Vesakha CPS, Tigor Permana
Name of journal : JOSAR (Journal of Student Academic Research)
Year of journal : 2017
Download link : https://doi.org/10.35457/josar.v2i1.798
Vol/Issue/Page : Vol 2 Issue 1, pp. 48-59

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C. Summary Of Journal
Journal 1
The term morphology takes its origin from morph which means form, shape, etc. and
ology which involves the study of something. August Schleicher, a German linguist, named
morphology as a sub-discipline of linguistics in 1859 for the first time.
Aronoff, (2011, p. 2) stated that morphology referred to the mental system involved in
word formation or to the branch of linguistics that deals with words, their internal structure and
how they are formed. Kolenchery (2015) written that morphology sold with the construction of
words. Knowing, knowingly and unknowingly are kinds of derivational morphology. The base
word is understood, and it is added to morphemes ing. -ly and un-. Morphemes are related to
morphology as they are attached to the words to change the meaning of the words.
Morphemes can be defined as the minimal meaningful unit that cannot be further subdivided.
The structuralists were interested in establishing a group of language that did bear meaning; so
they proposed the concept of a morpheme. As mentioned above, a morpheme is the smallest
meaning-bearing unit of language; re-, un-, -ing and -ly is not a word, but they do carry meaning.
A morpheme consists of a sequence of one or more phonemes.
1. Derivational in Noun: Derivational morphology in nouns involves forming new nouns from
existing words by adding affixes such as suffixes. For example, changing "slow" to
"slowness" by adding the suffix "-ness".
2. Derivational in Adverb*: Derivational morphology in adverbs involves modifying adjectives
into adverbs by adding specific suffixes. For instance, changing "slow" to "slowly" by adding
the suffix "-ly".
3. Derivational in Gerund after Preposition: Derivational morphology in gerunds after
prepositions involves forming gerunds by adding the appropriate suffixes after prepositions.
For example, changing "eating the porridge" to "eating the porridge".
4. Derivational in Gerund after Certain Verb*: Derivational morphology in gerunds after certain
verbs involves forming gerunds by adding the appropriate suffixes after those specific verbs.
For example, changing "Finally, they stopped fought" to "Finally, they stopped fighting".
5. Derivational in to Infinitive: Derivational morphology in "to" infinitives involves forming
infinitives by adding the appropriate derivational morphemes. For example, correcting "They

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 decided to walk around before ate the porridge" to "They decided to walk around before
eating the porridge".
6. Derivational in Present Participle: Derivational morphology in present participles involves
forming present participles by adding the appropriate derivational morphemes. For example,
correcting "She rested peacelly" to "She rested peacefully".
7. Derivational in Passive Participle: The information provided does not contain a specific
example or explanation of derivational morphology in passive participles.
8. Derivational in Modal*: The information provided does not contain a specific example or
explanation of derivational morphology in modals.
9. Derivational in Adjective*: Derivational morphology in adjectives involves forming new
adjectives from existing words by adding affixes such as suffixes. For example, changing
"red" to "reddish".
Journal 2
Morphology is the field of linguistics that studies morphemes and their combinations; it
is component of the language structure that contains phrases and components of the term
morpheme (Kridalaksana, 1993: 51). Whereas, morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit has
meaning (Chaer, 1994: 146) for example, teacher consists of three meaningful units or
morphemes, teach, er, and -s. The morpheme teach forming the word teachers has the lexical
meaning; the morpheme-er means the doer of teaching; the morpheme -s has plural meaning.
The branch of morphemes are free morpheme and bound morpheme. Morpheme which can
meaningfully stand alone are called free morphemes while the morphemes such as -er and -s,
which cannot meaningfully stand alone are called bound morphemes. Bound morphemes are
classified into two namely derivational and inflectional morphemes.
A derivational morpheme is the morpheme which produces a new lexeme from a base.
Derivational morphemes are bound morphemes which create new words by either changing the
meaning or the part of speech or both.
In English, derivational morphemes can be prefixes or suffixes. All prefixes in English
are derivational. All prefixes in English modify the meaning although they do not modify the
syntactic category. For examples, the derivational prefix in- in inefficient, un- in unimportant,
re- in rewrite, dis- in dislike and a- in amoral modify the positive meaning to the negative
meaning but do not change the syntactic category of the derived words; efficient is an adjective

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 and the derived word inefficient is also an adjective; do is a verb and the derived word undo is
also a verb; write is a verb and the derived word rewrite is also a verb; moral is an adjective and
the derived word amoral is also an adjective. All the derivational prefixes explained above have
the meaning 'nof. The derivational suffixes which change the syntactic category can be noun-
forming suffixes, verb-forming suffixes, adjective-forming suffixes, and adverb-forming
suffixes.In English, derivational morphemes can be both the prefixes and suffixes.
Based on the fact described above, the types of English derivational morphemes can be
classified into two, derivational prefixes and derivational suffixes.
1. Derivational Prefixes
a. Prefix un-
There are two kinds of the prefix un- in English. The first is attached to adjectives to
form new adjectives, and the second is attached to verbs to form new verbs. The two kinds of
the prefix un- do not change the part of speech. The prefix un- attached to adjectives means
'not'. Fromkin (1990: 130) calls this derivation antonym or negative. Look at the following
examples of prefix un attached to adjectives. First The prefix un can also be added to the
adjectives of the derived words that have been formed by morphological rules (Fromkin, 1990:
130). Second Prefix un- joins with verbs to form new verbs. In this case the prefix un- means
'to do the opposite of (Hornby, 1986: 935).
prefix un attached to verbs can be stated as:un-+ Verba new Verb. This rule says that
the prefix un- attached to a verb creates a new verb. The new verb is indicated by the change of
meaning namely 'to do the opposite of.
b. Prefix dis-
The prefix dis- is a derivational morpheme which can be attached to verbs to form new
verbs. This prefix has several meanings but its basic meaning is 'not'. The prefix dis- can be
attached to nouns to form new nouns.
2. Derivational Suffixes
a. Noun-Forming Suffix
Noun-forming suffixes are the derivational suffixes which change the words or
morphemes to nouns. The following is the explanation of derivational suffixes which form
nouns.
Suffix-ment

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 The suffix-ment is the derivational morphemes which can be attached to some verbs to
form nouns. This suffix brings the new meaning 'abstract noun'. The following are the examples
of the suffix-ment attached to verbs.
Suffix-ness
The suffix-ness is the derivational morphemes which can be attached to adjectives to
form nouns expressing a state or a condition. The following are the examples of the suffix-ness
attached to adjectives
b. Adjective-Forming Suffixes
Adjective-forming suffixes are the derivational suffixes which change the words or
morphemes to adjectives. The following is the explanation of derivational suffixes which form
adjectives.
Suffixe-able
The suffix -able is the derivational morpheme which changes the bases to adjective. In this
case, the bases can be either verbs or nouns.
Suffix-less
Like suffix-ful, the suffix-less is the derivational morpheme which changes the bases to
adjective. In this case, the bases are nouns.
c. Verb-Forming Suffixes
Verb-forming suffixes are the derivational suffixes which change the words or morphemes
to verbs. The following is the explanation of derivational suffixes which form verbs.
Suffix-en
Suffix-ize
The suffix-ize is the derivational morphemes which change the base to verb. The base can
be nouns and adjective.
d. Adverb-Forming Suffixes
Adverb-forming suffixes are the derivational suffixes which change the words or
morphemes to adverbs. The following are the examples of derivational suffixes which form
adverbs.

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 CHAPTER II
ANALYSIS OF JOURNAL

A. Journal Relevance to Learning Topics

Journal 1
The journal is highly relevant to the study of morphology as it specifically focuses on
derivational morphology in learners English narrative compositions. The journal focus on
derivational morphology in English narrative compositions and its theoretical insights contribute
significantly to the study of morphology. It sheds light on the challenges learners face, provides a
basis for further research in morphology, and offers practical implications for educators seeking
to enhance learners' proficiency in derivational morphology and composition writing.
Journal 2
The relevance of this journal to morphology lessons lies in its comprehensive exploration
of derivational morphology in the English language. By discussing derivational morphemes,
such as suffixes and prefixes, the journal content provides valuable insights into how words are
formed and transformed to convey different meanings. This information can be highly beneficial
for students studying morphology as it enhances their understanding of language structure and
the processes involved in word formation. Additionally, the journal's focus on descriptive
qualitative research methods can serve as a practical example for students learning about
research techniques in linguistics.

B. The Strengh Of Journal

Journal 1
The journal provides valuable insights into the errors in derivational morphology found in
learners' English narrative compositions. By identifying and analyzing these mistakes, educators
and learners can better understand the challenges faced in writing English narratives and work
towards improving their mastery of derivational morphology. The theoretical review in the
journal emphasizes the importance of mastering writing theories to avoid mistakes in English
narrative compositions. This theoretical foundation can serve as a guide for educators in
structuring writing lessons and activities that focus on derivational morphology and composition
theory.

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 Furthermore, the journal delves into the nature of derivational morphology, highlighting
its functions in forming new words from old ones. Understanding derivational morphology is
crucial for learners to enhance their vocabulary and writing skills. The inclusion of descriptive
methods in the research process provides a systematic approach to analyzing and understanding
the errors in derivational morphology in English narrative compositions.
Overall, the contents of this journal offer a comprehensive examination of derivational
morphology errors in English narrative compositions, theoretical insights into composition
writing, and practical research methods, making it a valuable resource for educators and learners
striving to improve their English writing skills.
Journal 2
The strengh of the journal content include a comprehensive exploration of derivational
morphology in the English language. The journal provides insights into the formation of words
through derivational morphemes, such as suffixes and prefixes, which can enhance
understanding of language structure and vocabulary development. Additionally, the content
discusses research methods, specifically quantitative descriptive techniques, which can aid in
acquiring data for specific purposes. By delving into derivational suffixes and prefixes, the
journal content offers valuable knowledge on how words are formed and can be transformed to
convey different meanings. This information can be beneficial for language learners, educators,
and researchers in deepening their understanding of linguistic structures and processes.

C. The Weakness Of Journal

Journal 1
The weaknesses of the contents of this journal can be identified as follows:
1. Lack of In-depth Analysis: The journal primarily focuses on identifying errors in derivational
morphology in English narrative compositions. While it provides a descriptive analysis of the
errors found, there is a lack of in-depth analysis or discussion on the underlying causes of
these errors. A more detailed examination of why these errors occur and how they can be
addressed would enhance the scholarly value of the research.
2. Limited Theoretical Framework: The theoretical review in the journal briefly touches upon
the challenges of teaching writing in English related to factors like suffixes, prefixes, infixes,
ablaut, and reduplication. However, the review lacks a comprehensive exploration of relevant

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 theories and frameworks in the field of composition writing and derivational morphology. A
more robust theoretical framework would provide a stronger foundation for the research
findings.
3. Narrow Scope of Study: The research in the journal focuses specifically on derivational
morphology errors in English narrative compositions. While this is a valuable area of study,
the narrow scope limits the generalizability of the findings. A broader examination of
derivational morphology errors across different types of writing or languages could provide a
more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
4. Lack of Practical Implications: The journal does not clearly discuss the practical implications
of the research findings for educators and learners. While it identifies errors in derivational
morphology, there is a lack of guidance on how these findings can be applied in educational
settings to improve writing skills. Including practical recommendations for addressing
derivational morphology errors would enhance the relevance of the research.
In conclusion, the weaknesses of the contents of this journal include a lack of in-depth
analysis, a limited theoretical framework, a narrow scope of study, and a lack of practical
implications for educators and learners. Addressing these weaknesses could strengthen the
scholarly value and practical relevance of the research presented in the journal. educators and
learners seeking to enhance their English language skills.
Journal 2
The weaknesses of the contents of this journal can be identified as follows:
1. Lack of Clarity in Research Methodology: The journal lacks clarity in explaining the
research methodology used. While it mentions using a descriptive qualitative approach and
gaining data through literature review, it does not provide detailed information on the
research design, data collection methods, or analysis techniques.
2. Limited Focus on Derivational Morphemes: The journal primarily focuses on derivational
morphology in the English language, specifically on derivational suffixes and prefixes. This
narrow focus may limit the overall scope and depth of the research presented in the journal.
3. Insufficient Citations and References: The journal lacks a comprehensive list of citations and
references to support the information presented. While some references are mentioned, there
is a lack of in-depth citation of relevant literature and sources to strengthen the credibility
and validity of the content.

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4. Acknowledgment Section Length: The acknowledgment section of the journal appears to be
lengthy and detailed, which may not be directly relevant to the academic content of the
journal. This could potentially distract readers.

D. The Comparison Of Journal Contents

The first journal, "International Journal of Language Education," focuses on derivational
morphology in English language composition. It discusses the nature of derivational morphology
and its functions in English, such as forming new words from old ones. Additionally, it delves
into the error analysis of derivational morphology in English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
learners' narrative compositions, highlighting the different types of derivational morphology
found in the students' writing. The journal also mentions the difficulty of morphology in English
writing and the importance of understanding derivational and inflectional morphology in
language education.
On the other hand, the second journal, "JOSAR," also explores derivational morphology
in the English language. It discusses derivational morphology in English language education and
provides examples of derivational morphemes. The journal emphasizes the importance of
understanding derivational morphology in language learning and teaching.

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. Conclusion
The conclusion from both journals is share a common focus on derivational morphology
in English language education. They highlight the significance of understanding derivational
morphology in language composition and learning. While the first journal specifically looks at
the error analysis of derivational morphology in EFL learners' narrative compositions, the second
journal provides a broader discussion on derivational morphology in English language education.
Overall, both journals contribute to the understanding of derivational morphology and its role in
language education.

B. Suggestion
For the author, hopefully with this critical review journal the author can correct the
shortcomings that exist in the writing of the next scientific paper. suggestions for readers to read
a lot from journals because information is now widely developed through journals like this, this
is useful for our lives in the future.

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 REFERENCES

Khasanah, H. U., dkk. (2017, March). Derivitional Morphology in English Language. Journal of
Student Academic Research, 2(1), 48-59.
Kusumawardhani, P. (2018). The Error Analysis of Derivitional Morphology in EFL'S English
Narrative Composition. International Journal of Language Education, 2(1), 22-30.

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