12

Trends, Networks &

Critical Thinking in
st
the 21 Century
Third Quarter

Module 1: Understanding the

Emergence of Trends and
Patterns

1
 12

Trends, Networks &

Critical Thinking in
the 21st Century

Third Quarter

Module 1: Understanding the

Emergence of Trends and
Patterns

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII-CENTRAL VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SIQUIJOR

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Division (CID) of the Department of education- Siquijor Division.

It can be reproduced for education purposes and the source must be clearly acknowledged. The
material may be modified for the purpose of translation into another language, but the original work must
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included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to
locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher
and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

OIC- Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Neri C. Ojastro

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Edmark Ian L. Cabio

Development Team of the Learning Module

Writer: Jean Rose P. Palacio

Evaluators: Pelagio R. Caet, Marina Gilsa L. Castillon, Roxanne Mae L. Pal-ing, Rosalie C.
Castillon, Jerson R. Tumapon, Caroline D. Cayongcong, Cecil C. Saplot, Sheila Mae
Juliana O. Villas

Management Team: Dr. Marlou S. Maglinao (CID- Chief)

Arlene M. Buhian (Education Program Supervisor (Araling Panlipunan)
Edesa T. Calvadores (Education Program Supervisor (LRMS)

Printed by: ________________________________________________

Department of Education-Region VII, Central Visayas, Division of Siquijor
Office address: Larena, Siquijor
Telephone No.: (035) 377-2034-2038
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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 Introduction

This module is written in support of the K to 12 Basic Education

Program to ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essentials knowledge on the planning

and preparing works in electrical installation and maintenance.

This includes the following activities/tasks:

 Expected Learning Outcome- This lays out the learning

outcome that you are expected to have accomplished at the
end of the module.
 Pre-test- This determines your prior learning on the particular
lesson you are about to take
 Discussion of the lesson- This provides you with the important
knowledge, principles and attitude that will help you meet the
expected learning outcome.
 Learning Activities- These provide you with the application of
the knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson
and enable you to further enhance your skills as you carry out
prescribe tasks.
 Post Test- This evaluates your overall understanding about the
module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find
this material engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking
skills.

What I Need to Know

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 Community has always been a prolific topic and laden with various
definitions. As a member of the community, you are expected to:
 Differentiate a trend from a fad (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-3)
 Explain the process on how to spot a trend (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-2)
 Point out the elements that make up a trend (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-4)
 Describe the different characteristics of a trend (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-5)
 Identify parts of a whole (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-6)
 Identify and explain an emerging pattern (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-7)
 Identify causes and consequences (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-8)

What I know
To find out what you already know about the topic to be discussed in this
module, fill in the box below. Write your answer on your notebook.

In the boxes below, write what you understand about a trend and a fad.

TREND FAD

What’s In
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 From the initial activity given and from personal experiences, you
may already have an idea what fads and trends are all about. In the
picture below, you see paper planes.

Questions:

1. Which color represents fads? Why?

2. Which color represents trends? Why?

You do not have to write your answer on your notebook, but save
your idea for other activities later.

What’s New
Hashtags (#) are everywhere on the web. As a teenager,
you are familiar about these hashtags and what they stand for. The more
netizens use the hashtag, the more trending it becomes. But what do
trends really stand for? What does it really mean? For a more in-depth
discussion, read more to know more.

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7
 What Is It
What is the difference between a trend and a fad and how can you
tell which is which?

The difference is that trends have a much longer life span than
fads. Trends can be in style for many years. They rise in popularity slowly.
Fads come and go quickly. They are short lived. They get super hot
real fast, and fizzle away just as fast.

Trends and fads are both things we all experience once every few
years. Whether that is in the form of fashion, technology or music, trends
and fads shape the way we perceive a certain brand or how we identify.
They are a part of everyday life and we experience different trends and
fads without even knowing it most of the time. Did you dress the same
today as you did five or ten years ago? Listen to the same music? Use the
same technology? It is interesting to reflect on how things have changed,
and what was once thought to be a fad (or ‘gimmick’) becomes something
that has become so intrinsically linked to our everyday life

Trends are what we experience when something evolves along a

specific (sometimes predictable) path, while fads tend to be more fleeting
in their existence, here one day, gone the next. Let’s compare these
definitions:

trend – noun

 a general Trends and fads are remarkably difficult to

direction in identify before they happen, easy to identify
which while they are happening, and blatantly obvious
something is after they have happened. This is a never-ending
developing or cycle and it will always go exactly like this.
changing. Leveraging these trends as early in this cycle as
 “an upward possible is the key to understanding them.
trend in sales
and profit
How To Spot Trends
margins”

fad – noun
Trends are all around. If you can
 an intense and understand how human behavior drives trends,
widely shared you can take advantage of it and turn it to your
enthusiasm for
something,
especially one 8
that is short-
lived; a craze.
benefit. In this era of big data, this kind of information is more available
than ever.

Here are some tips for recognizing trends and getting ahead of the
game in everything you do:

1. Think outside the box.

Whether you're building your business or your career, an

entrepreneurial mindset will push you ahead. This could mean thinking
about new growth strategies, creative workarounds or cumbersome
systems of a new angle. Stand out from the crowd by approaching
problems from a different angle, and empower your team to be
entrepreneurial, too.

2. The trend always has side effects.

Trends have consequences. Sometimes one trend can lead to

another, or a trend highlights another problem. When one gets influenced
by a trend, it will always have a resulting situation. Always keep your eyes
open to the trend beneath the trend.

3. Question the truth.

Trends in your life force you to accept changes. There are probably
some unquestioned truths at your home. Be skeptical of the world around
you, and examine the outliers you find to see if they reveal useful
information. Don't assume everything is as it seems. What you see is not
always what it is.

4. There are no problems.

Attitude is everything. As a saying goes, “A problem without a

solution is just life. Therefore, there are no problems." Don't waste time
fretting about an unsolvable problem. Instead, find the opportunity in it, or
focus on problems that have solutions. Make the most of your time and
energy, and worry about the things you can control.

5. The big guys aren't as strong as they seem.

Whether you're big or small, use your size to your advantage. Size
does not refer only to height or weight alone. It could also refer to skills,
talents, intelligence and favor. While some might appear more beautiful,

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confident or better, that is not always the case. No matter how you view
yourself, recognize your edge over them and use that to your advantage.

6. The harder you work, the luckier you get.

Everyone has - sometimes good, sometimes bad - but if you work

hard, you catch more breaks. When you work hard you are better able to
weather a storm and take advantage of opportunity when it knocks.
When you take your studies seriously, you are gearing up to get good
grades and are more likely to succeed in the future. Simply said, luck
does not happen by chance; you make it happen by choice.

7. Merge your studies and personal life.

If you're trying to escape your work at home or vice versa, you're

doing it wrong. Open your eyes to the world around you and be open
when inspiration strikes. Do not neglect your studies. In the same
manner, do not neglect your responsibility towards your parents and
siblings. Learn to strike a balance between the two.

Characteristics of A Trend

A trend is a phenomenon, a thing, event, person, process and

condition that is popular over a period of time.

It has two known types:

1. Megatrends are larger type of trends. It is larger that it is life-

changing.
2. Microtrends are smaller or local type of trends that is somehow
popular to some people and they are just familiar with it.

Listed below are its known characteristics:

1. Innovative - a trend should introduce changes and something

absolutely new to a community.
2. Consistent - One thing after the other, people can recognize that
this style or trend or culture or language is a trademark or a mark of
a country or a place. Identity has become a part of it.
3. Versatile - a trend is always appreciated by people regardless of
culture, place and race. Its effects transcend the factors mentioned.

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 What’s trending in The Philippines is the same trend in other
countries.
The Fundamental Trend Elements

It’s not enough to simply understand a trend. You want to know

where and how trends will emerge and crucially, which opportunities they
will present to you.

The secret to spotting trends – and being ready to act on the

opportunities they present you – lies in identifying points of tension
between what people want and what is currently available.

There are three fundamental elements that drive all trends:

1. Basic Needs

We’re all human. Trends – and behavior more broadly – are

ultimately rooted in our basic, fundamental, rarely-if-ever-changing
human needs, wants and desires. Some examples of these needs are
creativity, self-improvement, safety, status. Identifying these basic needs
and desires are the forces that have been shaping personal and social
relations for centuries if not millennia. Think about the emotions and
passions that drive characters in the great works of literature or just listen
to popular music, or watch any trashy movie; the same themes crop up
again and again, precisely because they are so universally relevant and
timeless. Identifying underlying human needs is central to spotting and/or
understanding consumer trends.

2. Drivers of Change

On the other hand, there are no trends without change. Savvy and
switched-on business professionals constantly ask ‘what’s changing?’ and
look at how it might be possible to service people’s basic human needs
and wants in novel, exciting – better – ways. To analyze change, think in
terms of Shifts and Triggers. Shifts are the long-term, macro changes
(such as urban transition, aging populations and climate change) that play
out across years or even decades. While not consumer trends themselves,

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these shifts do and will continue to shape both the nature and direction of
consumer trends. Triggers are more immediate changes that drive the
emergence of a trend. These can include specific technologies, political
events, economic shocks, environmental incidents, and more.

3. Innovations

Innovations aren’t trends, but without examples of people-facing

innovations tapping into it, a trend can’t be said to exist fully. You can’t
have a zoo without animals! So, the third element of every trend is
innovations: the startups, new products, services, experiences and
campaigns that are resolving points of customer tension, and creating
new levels of expectation.

Emerging Patterns

Emerging patterns are sets of items whose frequency changes

significantly from one dataset to another. They are useful as a means of
discovering distinctions inherently present amongst a collection datasets
and have been shown to be a powerful method for constructing accurate
classifiers.

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 Discovery of powerful distinguishing features between datasets is
an important objective in data mining. An important class of patterns that
can represent strong contrasts is known as emerging patterns. An
emerging pattern is a set of items whose frequency changes significantly
from one dataset to another.

Emerging patterns have been successfully used in constructing

highly accurate classifiers. When we identify patterns, we are generally
identifying a trend and stating the pattern as a generalization.

A pattern is a series of data that repeats in a recognizable way. It

can be identified in the history of the asset being evaluated or other
assets with similar characteristics. Patterns can occur within a downward
or upward trend, or they can mark the beginning of a new trend.

The three basic types of trends are up, down, and sideways. An
uptrend is marked by an overall increase in value. Nothing moves
straight up for long, so there will always be oscillations, but the overall
direction needs to be higher. A downtrend occurs when the value of an
asset moves lower over a period of time. While the value may move
intermittently higher or lower, downtrends are characterized by lower
peaks and lower troughs over time.

Identifying Cause and Consequence Relative to Trends

When we talk about cause and consequence, we are talking about

the factors or circumstances that cause trends to occur and the
consequent results or impact on future events. When a student gets high
grades, most people would attribute this fact to his being diligent in his
studies. Simply stated, diligence in studies results in high grades.

As a teenager, you know that K-pop and Koreanovelas are the

trends today. Maybe, you are asking yourself what caused this trend

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because no trend ever existed without cause. And maybe, you have
already identified the factors that caused the K-pop phenomenon to last
this long. You have to bear in mind that trends are longer lasting than
fads, but both trends and fads do not last forever. Sometime into the
future, another trend will rise and the K-pop fever will wane and be
replaced by the new trend.

Parts to Whole Thinking

Why are Parts Important?

Think about all the things that are around you right now, this
instance. All of those things are made up of parts, sometimes a few (like
the pen beside you on the table) and sometimes many, many parts (like
the compilation of modules you are working on). Notice, too, the fingers
that are holding the pen – they’re made up of parts.

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 And beyond where you’re sitting and reading this, there are many
other natural objects that are made up of many interlocking parts: the
tree outside the window, the cat climbing on the roof, the clouds above,
the air itself, the jet fighter screaming across the sky, and beyond that the
solar system, galaxies, and the universe. All of it is made up of smaller
parts that fit together to make the whole.

Interesting, huh? But not only man-made and natural objects are
made up of parts. Abstract concepts have parts, too. Stories, movies,
societies, religions all have component parts.

But what’s important about knowing the parts? Well, if the parts
were put together in a different way, something different would result.
Change one item in a recipe and you change the taste of the meal, right?
So, within objects and ideas there exists a special relationship between
the parts and the whole that makes the whole object what it is, that
permits it to function the way it does. Consequently, to understand
something, you really need to understand its parts and their relationships
to the whole.

Understanding how each part contributes to the whole and how

each part functions helps us to understand the world around us. That
means that if the whole is ruined – say, the soup you cooked for dinner
tastes funny – then you are able to look at the parts and figure out which
one contributed to that funny taste. Is there too much salt? Is there less
seasoning?

What can go wrong with thinking about Parts to Whole? According to

people who study Parts to Whole thinking, there are three common
problems with it.

1. Hasty and superficial.

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 Sometimes people identify parts only by their physical appearance.
They look at a house, and the only parts they can come up with are the
door, the opening, the windows, and so forth. If we only identify the parts
by appearance, we lose a great deal of our possible understanding of the
thing. How about the number of rooms therein, the color scheme, the
placement of appliances, the electrical wirings and all those?

2. Narrow.

Another problem with parts to whole thinking is when we fail to

break down one part into its many components. For example, in my list of
parts of a sixteen year old kid, I put down “personality.” What the heck is
that? Can’t we break that down into smaller parts? Surely, “personality”
can or should include “attitude toward life” as well as “values” and maybe
even “spirituality” as well as “dressing habits.” So to avoid being narrow
and vague, I’m gonna reconsider my part called “personality” and try to
come up with the many sub-parts that make up “personality.” See what I
mean?

3. Scattered.

The third problem is really the big one, and that is not trying to
identify who all of the parts are connected. If you just randomly think
about the parts of the chair you’re sitting in right now, making a scattered
list of components, then your list won’t reflect the totality, the intricate
relationship between the chair’s back and its arms, the way they are
connected and depend upon each other for strength and stability. In our
parts to whole thinking, we have to try to connect the parts together,
figure out how it all fits and functions.

Parts to Whole Thinking Map

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1. What smaller things make up the whole?
 Make a list; identify as many parts as possible, describing them or
defining what you mean.
2. For each part, what would happen if it were different, malfunctioning,
or missing?
 Consider each part and ask this question: “What would happen if
this part were missing, different, or malfunctioning?”
3. What then is the function of each paper, its relative importance to the
whole?
 Knowing now what would happen if each part were missing, you can
figure out what are the really important parts.
4. How do all the parts work together to make the whole what it is or
operate as it does?
 Now you can figure understand on a deeper level why something is
or acts the way it does.
·
Here’s an example of a pretty good student Thinking Map.

1.What smaller things make up the whole?

 Spiritual life – Christianity
 Personal history – Never forget where I’m from
 Artist – believes that art is emotional expression that words can’t
express
 Extreme Sport – Skateboarding is a way of life not just a sport
 Relationship – Parents, Siblings and Friends
 Professional – pride in the US Army
 Personal history – Never forget where I’m from
 Sense of humor –laughter is the best medicine in the world
 Enthusiasm – positive mental attitude
 Appearance- you only have one first impression

2. For each part, what would happen if it were missing?

 Spiritual life – Without the basis of Christianity instilled in me I

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 would not have the basic foundation to live my life in the most
positive and product way.
 Personal history – Born in the Philippines and moved to the USA
when I was nine years old; keeps me humble and grateful for my
blessing
 Artist – without this form of expression, I would not know how to
communicate with the world, when words fail me.
 Extreme Sport – Skateboarding has always been the outlet of
emotional
therapy, this helps me in more ways than one. The ability to defy
gravity and manipulate the boards in many ways and still land on all
four wheels is so exhilarating.
 Relationship – Having a great relationship with my family members
and
close friends are very important because they are the group that
keeps
me humble and grounded in time
 Professional – I take a lot of pride in my service in the US Army. I
feel that this is my way of thanking a country that took me in and
loved me like their, own son. Not serving would be so shameful.
 Values – without the Values that is instilled in me by the
military I would have a negative outlook on life
 Sense of humor – take laughter away from my life; would lead to no
hope.
 Enthusiasm – I would be depressed without it
 Appearance-My confidence would be down

3. What then is the function of each paper, its importance to the

whole?
 Spiritual life – Christianity, take this foundation out of my life and
eternal hell would be my future.
 Artist – without this form of expression, I would not know how to
communicate with the world, when words fail me.

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  Relationship – without a good relationship with my family and
friends
I would feel like a lost soul out of place.
 Values – without loyalty, duty, respect, selfless service, honor,
integrity and personal courage would lead to self-destruction.
 How do all the parts work together to make the whole what it is or
operate as it does?
 Spiritual life is the foundation of who I am and how I live daily. My
relationship with my friends and family are valuable because they
are
the core group of people that keeps me grounded in life. The
L.D.R.S.H.I.P is an acronym of the values the Army has taught me to
live by. Art, any form, has always been a way to escape reality and
express my feelings.

What’s More
Independent Activity 1
Let us go back to the picture below. By now, you may already have
learned how fads and trends differ. Write your answers on your notebook.

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Questions:

1. Which color represents fads? Why?

2. Which color represents trends? Why?

This rubric will be used in scoring your work:

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Relevance to Sentence Sentence Sentence No answer
the topic shows broad shows limited does not given
understandin understandin answer the
g of topic g of topic question
discussed discussed
Organization of Ideas are Ideas are Ideas do not No answer
ideas presented in present yet answer the given
an organized quite question
manner disorganized

What I Have Learned

I learned that:

 Trends have a much longer life span than fads. Trends can be in
style for many years. They rise in popularity slowly. Fads come and
go quickly.

 Types of trends
o Megatrends
o Microtrends

 Characteristics of trends
o Innovative
o Consistent
o Versatile

 Fundamental elements of trends

o Basic needs
o Drivers of change (Trendsetters)
o Innovations

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  An uptrend is marked by an overall increase in value.

 A downtrend occurs when the value of an asset moves lower over a

period of time

 An emerging pattern is a set of items whose frequency changes

significantly from one dataset to another.

 Understanding how each part contributes to the whole and how

each part functions helps us to understand the world around us

What I Can Do

Activity 1: Fad or Trend?

Directions: Listed below are things, events and situations. Identify

whether they are trends or fads. Write your answer on your notebook.

1. K-pop fever
2. Clas of Clans
3. Koreanovelas
4. Pokemon
5. Skinny jeans
6. Modular learning
7. Meteor Garden
8. Rebonded hair for ladies

Activity 2: Do Parts Make up a Whole?

Task: Let us examine the chair or bench that you are sitting on. Answer
the questions below to show your understanding. Write your answers on
your notebook.

Questions:
1. Enumerate the things that make up the chair. Write as many as you
can see.
2. Are the enumerated parts important? Why?
3. What happens when one of the parts you have identified is missing?
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Rubric for Scoring for the activity above:

4– Answers show extensive understanding of topics discussed in

the module.
3 – Answers show a limited understanding of topics discussed in
the module.
2 – Answers are not coherent
1 - No answers written

Assessment

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Post-Test. Learning By Errors.

Direction: All the statements are erroneous. Identify the word/ phrase that
made the statement wrong and write them on your notebook.

1. Trends come and go so quickly.

2. Fads are what we experience when something evolves along a
specific or predictable path.
3. When you question the truth, you approach problems from a
different perspective.
4. When you think outside the box, you are skeptical of the world
around you.
5. When you work hard, you are able to miss opportunity when it
knocks.
6. The smaller trends are called megatrends.
7. When people recognize a trend and that it has become an identity,
it shows the characteristic of versatility.
8. Innovation as a characteristic of trends happen when the trend is
appreciated regardless of culture, place and race.
9. Trends and behavior are rooted in our drivers of change.
10. There are no trends without fads.
11. Triggers are long term, macro changes.
12. When changes are more immediate, they are known as shifts.
13. When we talk about new products, we are talking about
needs.
14. Understanding how each part contributes to the whole and
how each part functions can be confusing for us.
15. Trends are sets of items whose frequency changes
significantly from one dataset to another.
16. An uptrend occurs when the value of an asset moves lower
over a period of time.

Answer Key

What I Know:

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 o Student answers will vary
What’s In:
o Student answers will vary
What’s more:
o Student answers will vary (see rubrics for scoring)
What I Can Do
o Activity 1 :
1. K-pop fever - trend
2. Clas of Clans - fad
3. Koreanovelas - trend
4. Pokemon -fad
5. Skinny jeans -trend
6. Modular learning -trend
7. Meteor Garden -fad
8. Rebonded hair for ladies – trend

o Activity 2 : Student answers will vary (see rubrics for scoring)

Assessment:
1. Trends
2. Fads
3. Question the truth
4. Think outside the box
5. Miss
6. Microtrends/ larger
7. Versatility
8. Innovation
9. Basic needs/ human needs
10. Change
11. Triggers
12. Shifts
13. Innovations
14. Confusing
15. Trends
16. downtrend

References:

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“2020 Trend Report”. Digital Image. Trend Watching. Accessed October
18, 2020. https://trendwatching.com/quarterly/2019-11/5-trends-2020/

Anita, Joyce. “What’s the Difference Between a Trend and a Fad.”

Accessed September 22, 2020. https://cedarhillfarmhouse.com/whats-
difference-between-trend-and-fad/

“Characteristics of A Trend”.Brainly. November 18, 2018. Accessed on

September 22, 2020. https://brainly.ph/question/1990505

Dumitresco, Delia. “Trends 101- Consumer Trends.” Accessed September

22,2020 https://www.whataventure.com/collaboration/trends-101/

“Differentiating Trends and Fads.” June 18, 2018. Accessed on September

22,2020. https://www.insightdesign.com.au/uncategorised/differentiating-
trends-fads/

Investopedia. “Patterns Vs. Trends: What’s the Difference?”. July 19, 2019.
Accessed September 24, 2020.
https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/010715/what-are-differences-
between-patterns-and-trends.asp

Kevin Daum. “7 Ways to Spot Trends From the Man Who Turned
Trendhunting Into Retail Gold.” November 17, 2017. Accessed September
22, 2020. https://www.inc.com/kevin-daum/7-ways-to-spot-trends-from-
man-who-turned-trendhunting-into-retail-gold.html

“Parts Still Make Up The Whole”. Digital Image. Blogspot. Accessed

October 18, 2020. https://kevinlaewing.blogspot.com/2014/09/parts-still-
make-up-whole.html?m=0

Ramamohanarao, Kotagiri, Bailey, James. “Discovery of Emerging Patterns

and Their Use in Classification”. Accessed September 24, 2020.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-24581-
0_1#:~:text=Emerging%20patterns%20are%20sets%20of,method%20for
%20constructing%20accurate%20classifiers

The Critical Thinking Consortium. “Cause and Consequence.” Accessed

October 19, 2020. https://tc2.ca/uploads/TTT/Cause_and_consequence.pdf

“The Importance of Spotting Trends”. Digital Image. Enterra Solutions.

Accessed October 18, 2020. https://www.enterrasolutions.com/blog/the-
importance-of-trend-spotting-in-retail/

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