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2 - Trigonometry

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23 views4 pages

2 - Trigonometry

Uploaded by

engr.naflores
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Trigonometry

 Angle Measurement:
 Angle – measurement of rotation of a given ray about its initial point.

Fig 1 – Representation of Angle

 Sexagesimal System:
 1 rev=360 °
 1 °=60 '
 1' =60
 Circular/Natural System:
 1 rev=2 π rad
 Centesimal System:
 1 rev=400 g
 1g =400 '
 1' =100

 Trigonometric Functions:
- Are functions that relate an angle in a right angled triangle to the ratio of two of its sides.

 Other Trig Identities:


 Trigonometric Functions:
 Pythagorean Identities:

 x 2+ y 2=r 2
 cos (θ )2+ sin (θ )2=r 2
 1+ tan ( θ )2=sec ( θ )2
 Sum and Difference Identities:

 sin ( A ± B )=sin ( A ) cos ⁡(B)± cos ( A ) sin ⁡(B)


 cos ( A ± B )=cos ( A ) cos ⁡(B) ∓ sin ( A ) sin ( B )
tan ( A ) ± tan ( B )
 tan ( A ± B )=
1∓ tan ( A ) tan ( B )
 Double Angle Identities:

 sin ( 2 θ )=sin ( θ ) cos ( θ ) +cos ( θ ) sin ( θ )=2 sin (θ ) cos ( θ )


 cos (2 θ ) =cos ( θ ) cos ( θ )−sin ( θ ) sin ( θ )=cos2 ( θ )−sin2 ( θ )
 Symmetry of Functions:

 Odd Functions – A function f is odd if the graph of f is symmetric with respect to the
origin. Algebraically, f is odd if and only if f (−x ) =−f ( x ) for all x in the domain of f .

 Even Function – A function f is even if the graph of f is symmetric with respect to the
y-axis. Algebraically, f is even if and only if f (−x ) =f (x ) for all x in the domain of f .

 Wave Characteristics:

 y=sin ( x ) , y=cos ( θ )

Fig. 2 – Graph of cos (θ ) and sin ( θ )


 Characteristics:
 y= Asin ( Bx+C ) + D , y= Acos ( Bx +C )+ D
o Amplitude, A
2π
o Period, T =
B
B
o Frequency, f =
2π
−C
o Phase Shift,
B
 y=tan ( x ):

 Application of Trigonometry:
 Law of Sines:

a b c
= = =2 R
sin(α ) sin( β) sin(γ )

Where,

R=radius

 Law of Cosines:

2 2 2
a + b −2 ab cos ( γ )=c
 Spherical Trigonometry:
 Cosine and Sine Rules:

 cos ( a )=cos ( b ) cos ( c ) +sin ( b ) sin ( c ) cos ( A )


 cos ( b )=cos ( c ) cos ( a ) +sin ( c ) sin ( a ) cos ( B )
 cos ( c )=cos ( a ) cos ( b ) +sin ( a ) sin ( b ) cos ( C )
sin ( A ) sin ( B ) sin ( C )
 = =
sin ⁡( a) sin ⁡(b) sin ⁡(c )

 Supplemental Cosine Rules:

 cos ( A )=−cos ( B ) cos ( C ) +sin ( B ) sin (C ) cos ⁡(a)


 cos ( B ) =−cos ( A ) cos ( C ) +sin ( A ) sin ( C ) cos ⁡(b)
 cos (C )=−cos ( B ) cos ( A ) +sin ( B ) sin ( A ) cos ⁡(c)

 Area:

 R2 E → for radians
2
 R E∙ ( 180π )→ for degrees
 Spherical Defect:

defect =360−( a+b+ c )

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