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03 Lecture - (Properties of Materials)

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7 views11 pages

03 Lecture - (Properties of Materials)

Uploaded by

Mohammad Hamayoon Hemmat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Kandahar University

Engineering Faculty
Civil Department

Construction Materials & Method

Lecture 3 [Properties of Materials]

Athiqullah Hayat

April, 2022

Table of Contents

► Introduction
► Material Groups
► Properties of Materials (Physical)
► Properties of Materials (Mechanical)

2
Introduction

─ For a material to be suitable for a particular application, it must have


predictable behavior

─ When the properties of the material are defined, the designer can
verify performance against guidelines specified by codes/standards.

─ New materials are developed each year, the architect, engineer,


and contractor must be informed of their properties
ü Effective and safe manner

─ The process of selecting materials for construction is far more


complex.
ü Material’s availability, strength, durability, and cost implications,
3

Material Groups

1. Metals: Metals are refined from ores that have been extracted from the
earth (ductile, useful when tensile forces are expected)

2. Non-metallic Inorganic Materials: Materials are also extracted from the


soil (rigid, brittle, useful when compression forces are expected)
Ex: ceramics, include sand, limestone, glass, brick, and concrete block
among others.

3. Polymers: Polymers are used in a variety of construction applications


(can be shaped when heated and hardened when cooled)
such as; pipes, wire and cables, insulation among others

4. Organic Materials: Organic materials include wood, grasses, bitumen,


and many synthetic materials based on a chemical compound
containing carbon. 4
Material Groups (Cont’d.)

Material Properties

Building materials and components must resist a Stresses are created by tension, compression,
variety of loads and forces. and shear forces.

6
Material Properties (Cont’d.)

Stresses, Strength, modulus of elasticity, elasticity, plasticity,


Mechanical ductility, malleability, toughness, hardness, brittleness, etc.

Density, specific gravity, specific weight, porosity, permeability,


Physical moisture content, surface texture, void ratio, water absorption, etc.

Chemical Oxide content, carbonate content, acidity, alkalinity, resistance to


Composition corrosion

Properties of Materials (Mechanical)

Mechanical properties: Define its behavior under applied forces are


known MP.

─ Strength: Strength is the ability of the material to resist failure


under the action of stresses caused by loads, the most common
being compression, tension, bending and impact.

or, The ability or capacity of a material to withstand or support a


load without fracture.

─ Toughness: It is the ability of material to absorb the energy and


gets plastically deformed without fracturing

─ Hardness: Hardness is a measure of the ability of a material to


resist scratching, abrasion, penetration or wear. 8
Properties of Materials (Mechanical)

─ Brittleness: Brittleness of a material indicates that how easily it


gets fractured when it is subjected to a force or load

─ Ductility: refers to the ability of a material to be deformed


plastically without actually breaking or fracturing.

─ Malleability: Malleability is property of solid material which


indicates that how easily a materials gets deformed under
compressive stress

─ Elasticity: It is the property of a material by which it regains its


original dimensions on removal of load or force.
9

Properties of Materials (Mechanical)

10
Properties of Materials (Mechanical)

Ductile Vs Brittle

11

Properties of Materials (Mechanical)

─ Plasticity: the property of the material, where the material has


a permanent deformation after the stress is removed

─ Creep: Creep is the property of material which indicates the


tendency of material to move slowly and deform
permanently under the influence of external mechanical
stress

─ Fatigue: is the weakening of material caused by the


repeated loading of material
12
Properties of Materials (Mechanical)

13

Properties of Materials (Mechanical)

14
Properties of Materials (Physical)

─ Density: substance is define as


“the mass per unit volume”.

─ Bulk density: is the mass of a


unit volume of material in its
natural state (with pores and
voids)

─ Specific Weight: also known as unit weight, is the weight per unit volume of
material

─ Specific gravity: is defined as the ratio of the density of a substance to the


density of water at a specified temperature and pressure

15

Properties of Materials (Physical)

─ Porosity: refers to the amount


of open space in a material.
It’s expressed as a ratio the
volume of pores to that of
specimen

─ Void ratio: is defined as the


ratio of volume of voids to
volume of solids

─ Water absorption: denotes the


ability of material to absorb
and retain water. It’s expressed
as the ratio of the weight of
water absorbed / weight of
the dry material 16
Properties of Materials (Physical)

─ Permeability: Permeability,
capacity of a porous
material for transmitting a
fluid

─ Frost Action: Frost Action


denotes the ability of a
water saturated material
to endure repeated
freezing and thawing with
considerable decrease of
mechanical strength
17

Properties of Materials (Physical)

─ State Change Temperature: State ─ Fire Resistance: Is the ability of a


change temperature is the material to resist the action of
temperature at which the substance high temperature without any
changes from one state to another appreciable deformation and
state substantial loss of strength

18
Properties of Materials (Physical)

19

Properties of Materials (Physical)

─ Durability: is the ability of a material to resist the combined


effects of atmospheric and other factors

─ Weathering Resistance: Is the ability of a material to endure


alternate wet and dry conditions for a long period without
considerable deformation and loss of mechanical strength

─ Refractoriness: a material, such as fireclay or alumina, that is


able to withstand high temperatures: used to line furnaces,
kilns, etc.

─ Weld Ability: It is the property of a material which presents


that how easily the two pieces of material can be welded
together by applying pressure or heat or both
20
Thank You !

21

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