Injection with CDI

Antonio Goncalves
www.antoniogoncalves.org
@agoncal
 Module Outline


 Basic dependency injection

 Qualifiers

 Advanced qualifiers

 Veto

 Alternatives
 Basic Dependency Injection

 Objects

 Objects depend on each other

 CDI brings dependency injection

 Type safe way



 Loose coupling

 Strong typing
Depending on a Class
 The IsbnGenerator Class
public class IsbnGenerator {

public String generateNumber() {

return "13-84356-" + Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());
}
}
 The BookService Class
public class BookService {

@Inject
private IsbnGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}

}
 Injection Point on Field
public class BookService {

@Inject Injection Point

private IsbnGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}

}
 Injection Point on Constructor
public class BookService {

Injection Point
private IsbnGenerator generator;

@Inject
public BookService(IsbnGenerator generator) {
this.generator = generator;
}

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}

}
 Injection Point on Setter
public class BookService {

Injection Point
private IsbnGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}

@Inject
public void setGenerator(IsbnGenerator generator) {
this.generator = generator;
}
}
 Deployment Descriptor
<beans xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/beans_1_1.xsd"
version="1.1" bean-discovery-mode="all">

</beans>

beans.xml
 Deployment Descriptor
<beans xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/beans_1_1.xsd"
version="1.1" bean-discovery-mode="none">

</beans>

beans.xml
 Deployment Descriptor
<beans xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/beans_1_1.xsd"
version="1.1" bean-discovery-mode="annotated">

</beans>

beans.xml
Depending on One Implementation
Depending on One Implementation
 Interface and One Implementation
public interface NumberGenerator {
String generateNumber();
}

public class IsbnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {

public String generateNumber() {
return "13-84356-" + Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());
}
}
 Injecting One Implementation
public class BookService {

@Inject
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
Ambiguous Injection
Default Qualifier
Having Different Qualifiers
Having Different Qualifiers
Having Different Qualifiers
 @ThirteenDigits and @EightDigits Qualifiers
@Target({ TYPE, METHOD, PARAMETER, FIELD })
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Qualifier
public @interface ThirteenDigits {
}

@Target({ TYPE, METHOD, PARAMETER, FIELD })

@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Qualifier
public @interface EightDigits {
}
 Two Qualified Implementations
public interface NumberGenerator {
String generateNumber();
}

@ThirteenDigits
public class IsbnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
public String generateNumber() {
return "13-84356-" + Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());
}
}

@EightDigits
public class IssnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
public String generateNumber() {
return "8-" + Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());
}
}
 Injecting the IsbnGenerator
public class BookService {

@Inject
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
 Injecting the IsbnGenerator
public class BookService {

@Inject @ThirteenDigits
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
 Injecting the IssnGenerator
public class BookService {

@Inject @EightDigits
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
Dealing with Many Implementations

…
 Qualifier with Members
@Target({FIELD, TYPE, METHOD})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Qualifier
public @interface Generator {

NumberOfDigits numberOfDigits();

boolean printed();

public enum NumberOfDigits{

EIGHT,
THIRTEEN
}
}
 Qualifiers with Members on Beans
@Generator(numberOfDigits = THIRTEEN, printed = false)
public class EIsbnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
...
}

@Generator(numberOfDigits = EIGHT, printed = false)

public class EIssnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
...
}

@Generator(numberOfDigits = THIRTEEN, printed = true)

public class PIsbnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
...
}

@Generator(numberOfDigits = EIGHT, printed = true)

public class PIssnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
...
}
 Injecting a Bean with Qualifier with Members
public class BookService {

@Inject @Generator(numberOfDigits = THIRTEEN,

printed = false)
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
 Injecting a Bean with Qualifier with Members
public class BookService {

@Inject @Generator(numberOfDigits = THIRTEEN,

printed = true)
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
 Injecting a Bean with Qualifier with Members
public class BookService {

@Inject @Generator(numberOfDigits = EIGHT,

printed = true)
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
Aggregating Multiple Qualifiers
Aggregating Multiple Qualifiers
Aggregating Multiple Qualifiers
 Multiple Qualifiers
@Target({ TYPE, METHOD, PARAMETER, FIELD })
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Qualifier
public @interface ThirteenDigits { }

@Target({ TYPE, METHOD, PARAMETER, FIELD })

@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Qualifier
public @interface EightDigits { }

@Target({ TYPE, METHOD, PARAMETER, FIELD })

@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Qualifier
public @interface Electronic { }

@Target({ TYPE, METHOD, PARAMETER, FIELD })

@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Qualifier
public @interface Print { }
 Multiple Qualifiers on Beans
@ThirteenDigits @Electronic
public class EIsbnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
...
}

@EightDigits @Electronic
public class EIssnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
...
}

@ThirteenDigits @Print
public class PIsbnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
...
}

@EightDigits @Print
public class PIssnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
...
}
 Injecting a Bean with Multiple Qualifiers
public class BookService {

@Inject @ThirteenDigits @Electronic

private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
 Veto

 Depending on the beans.xml


 bean-discovery-mode="annotated"
 bean-discovery-mode="all"
 bean-discovery-mode="none"

 Veto a bean

 Veto a package

 @Vetoed

 Prevent the processing


Ambiguous Injection
 Deployment Descriptor
<beans xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/beans_1_1.xsd"
version="1.1" bean-discovery-mode="all">

</beans>

beans.xml
Veto
 One Bean Is Vetoed
public class BookService {

@Inject @Default
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {...}

}

@Vetoed
public class IsbnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
public String generateNumber() {...}
}

public class IssnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {

public String generateNumber() {...}
}
 One Package Is Vetoed
package-info.java

@Vetoed
package com.pluralsight.injection;

import javax.enterprise.inject.Vetoed;
 Alternatives

 Qualifiers at development time


 Alternatives at deployment time

 Depending on the environment

 @Alternative

 beans.xml
Default Alternative
 @Alternative Implementation
public interface NumberGenerator {
String generateNumber();
}

@Default
public class IsbnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
public String generateNumber() {
return "13-84356-" + Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());
}
}

@Default
public class MockGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
public String generateNumber() {
return "mock";
}
}
 @Alternative Implementation
public interface NumberGenerator {
String generateNumber();
}

public class IsbnGenerator implements NumberGenerator {

public String generateNumber() {
return "13-84356-" + Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());
}
}

@Alternative
public class MockGenerator implements NumberGenerator {
public String generateNumber() {
return "mock";
}
}
 Injecting the Alternative
public class BookService {

@Inject
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
 Enabling the Alternative
<beans xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/beans_1_1.xsd"
version="1.1" bean-discovery-mode="all">

<alternatives>
<class>com.pluralsight.injection.MockGenerator</class>
</alternatives>
</beans>
Alternative for a Given Qualifier
 Summary

 Dependency injection


 Default injection

 Qualifiers

 Type safe

 Annotations with members

 Aggregate several qualifiers

 Vetos

 Alternatives