Understanding

Context & Dependency Injection

Antonio Goncalves
www.antoniogoncalves.org
@agoncal
 Module Outline


 What is injection?

 Injection is delegated to a container

 What is Context & Dependency Injection?

 What it is not!

 Where do we inject objects?

 Injecting objects
 Java SE
 Java EE
 What Is Dependency Injection?

 Objects don’t create their dependencies


 Factories
 Dependencies passed on constructors…
 … or setters
 Can be complex

 Something else does


 Dependency injector
 Container
 Provider
 What Is a Container?

 Runtime environment Container

 Components
Services
 Provides certain services
 Life-cycle management
 Dependency injection
 Interception
Component
 Concurrency
 Security

 Inversion of control (IoC)

 Managed environment

 Managed beans
 What Is a Managed Bean?

 Bean managed by a container

 Java SE
 Objects
 JVM is a container


 Class loading
 Garbage collection…

 Java EE
 Servlets


 Servlet container
 HTTP handling
 Pooling…
 What Is Context and Dependency Injection?

 Runtime environment Bean Manager

 CDI Beans
Services
 CDI services
 Dependency injection
 Interception
 Decoration Injection
Bean
 Event handling
 Context management

Bean
 What Isn’t Context and Dependency Injection?


 Not a full Java EE container

 Doesn’t manage a Servlet, REST web service…

 No HTTP
 No Transactions


 …

 Extensions

 Extend the container services


 A Brief of History of CDI

 Dependency injection has been around for a long time

 Commercial and open source products


 Spring, Seam, Guice…

 Successful but not standardized

 CDI 1.0 in 2009 (Java EE 6)

 CDI 1.1 in 2013 (Java EE 7)

 CDI 1.2 in 2014

 CDI 2.0 in Java EE 8

 CDI Specification

 Specification

 JSR 346

 http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=346
 CDI Implementations

 Runtime

 Implement the JSR 346

 Weld

 Open WebBeans

 CanDI

 No vendor locking


 DeltaSpike

 Not a CDI implementation

 Apache open source project

 Enriches the CDI ecosystem

 CDI portable extension

 Extra services
 Security
 Configuration
 Scheduling
 Declarative queries for JPA
 …
 CDI Packages

Package Description
javax.inject Core dependey injection API
javax.enterprise.inject Core CDI API
javax.enterprise.context Scopes and contextual APIs
javax.enterprise.event Events and observers APIs
javax.interceptor Interceptor APIs
javax.decorator Decorator APIs
javax.enterprise.util CDI utility package
 Where Can We Use CDI?

 
Java SE Java EE
 What is a CDI Bean?

 Concrete class


 Default constructor

 Doesn’t need to:

 Implement interface
 Extend a class
 Be annotated


 Can have optional
 Qualifiers
 Scope
 Expression language name
 Interceptor bindings
 A CDI Bean
@ThirteenDigits
public class IsbnGenerator {

public String generateNumber() {

return "13-84356-" + Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());
}
}
 A CDI Bean
@Interceptor
public class IsbnGenerator {

public String generateNumber() {

return "13-84356-" + Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());
}
}
 A CDI Bean
@Decorator
public class IsbnGenerator {

public String generateNumber() {

return "13-84356-" + Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());
}
}
 A CDI Bean
@Named
public class IsbnGenerator {

public String generateNumber() {

return "13-84356-" + Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());
}
}
 Life Cycle of a CDI Bean

 Lifecycle of a POJO


 Create an instance with new
 Garbage collector

 CDI beans are managed by a container

 The container creates the instance
 Gets rid of it

 Manages the life cycle

 Handle
 After construction
 Before destruction
 Life Cycle of a CDI Bean

new IsbnGenerator() Garbage collected

Exists

Dependency injection
@PostConstruct @PreDestroy

Managed

Method invocations
 Callback Annotations

 @PreDestroy


 @PostConstruct

 Public, private, protected, package-level

 Cannot be static or final

 Throw unchecked exceptions

 CDI Bean with Callback Annotations
public class IsbnGenerator {

private int postfix;

@PostConstruct
private void init () {
postfix = Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());
}

public String generateNumber() {

return "13-84356-" + postfix++;
}
}
 Injecting a CDI Bean
public class BookService {
Injection Point
@Inject
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
 Injecting a CDI Bean
public class BookService {

@Inject("thirteenDigits")
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
 Injecting a CDI Bean
public class BookService {

@Inject @ThirteenDigits
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {

return new Book(title, generator.generateNumber());
}
}
 Deployment Descriptor
<beans xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/beans_1_1.xsd"
version="1.1" bean-discovery-mode="all">

<alternatives>
<class>com.pluralsight.MockGenerator</class>
</alternatives>
<interceptors>
<class>com.pluralsight.LoggingInterceptor</class>
</interceptors>

</beans>

beans.xml
 Bean Discovery

 Searches for beans

 Bean archives

 Application classpath Bean

 Detects definition errors
Bean
Bean
 Exceptions cancel deployment
Bean
 Application not available
Bean
 Injection points are referenced
Bean
 Up and running
 Bean Archive

 CDI beans in JARs or WARs app.war

 Bean archive a.jar 

 Annotated beans AnnotatedBean.class
bean-discovery-mode="all"


b.jar
 Archive NoAnnotatedBean.class
beans.xml ="all"
 None annotated beans
 bean-discovery-mode="none"
c.jar

NoAnnotatedBean.class

d.jar
AnnotatedBean.class

beans.xml ="none"
Where Can We Use CDI?
Business Model

@Entity
@EntityListener(Validation.class)
public class Book {

@Id @GeneratedValue
private Long id;
@NotNull @Title
private String title;
 Business Logic

public class BookService {

@Inject
private NumberGenerator generator;

public Book createBook(String title) {...}

}
 Presentation

@Named
@SessionScoped
public class BookBean {

@Inject
private BookService service;

public String createBook() {...}

}
 Client

public class BookComponent {

@Inject
private BookService service;

public void displayBook() {...}

}
 Interoperability

@Path("/book")
public class BookEndpoint {

@Inject
private BookService service;

@GET
public List<Book> getAllBooks() {...}
}
 CDI in Our Tiered Architectures

public class BookService { }

@Named @Entity
@SessionScoped @EntityListeners
public class BookBean { } public class Book { }

@Path("/book")
public class BookEndpoint { }
 Summary

 What is injection?


 What is CDI?

 How to develop a CDI bean

 How to inject a CDI bean

 CDI in n-tier architecture