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SS Var Part 2 v2

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Emtiaz Uddin
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
14 views32 pages

SS Var Part 2 v2

Uploaded by

Emtiaz Uddin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Content

# A brief Recap
# DE to SS
*Phase variable method
*Examples
# TF to SS
*CCF
*Examples
*OCF
*Example
1. Give two reasons for modeling systems in state space.
2. State an advantage of the transfer function approach over the
state-space approach.
3. Define state variables.
4. Define state.
5. Define state vector.
6. Define state space.
7. What is required to represent a system in state space?

8. An eighth-order system would be represented in state space


with how many state equations?
1. Give two reasons for modeling 1. (1) Can model systems other than
systems in state space. linear, constant coefficients; (2) Used for
digital simulation
2. State an advantage of the transfer 2. Yields qualitative insight with least
function approach over the state-space mathematical manipulation
approach.
3. Define state variables. 3. That smallest set of variables that
completely describe the system
4. Define state. 4. The value of the state variables
5. Define state vector. 5. The vector whose components are the
state variables
6. Define state space. 6. The n-dimensional space whose bases
are the state variables
7. What is required to represent a 7. State equations, an output equation
system in state space?
8. An eighth-order system would be 8. Eight
represented in state space with how
many state equations?
09. What factors influence the choice of (1) They must be linearly independent; (2)
state variables in any system? The number of state variables must agree
with the order of
the differential equation describing the
system; (3) The degree of difficulty in
obtaining the state equations
for a given set of state variables.
10. What is a convenient choice of state 10. The variables that are being
variables for electrical networks? differentiated in each of the linearly
independent energy storage elements
11. If an electrical network has three 11. Yes, depending upon the choice of
energy-storage elements, is it possible to circuit variables and technique used to
have a state-space representation with write the system equations. For example, a
more than three state variables? Explain three -loop problem with three energy
storage elements could yield three
simultaneous second-order differential
equations which would then be described
by six, first-order differential equations.
Select ‘n’ State Variables ( Phase variables in this case)

Get 1st order derivative of ‘n’ state variables


Example: Mechanical system

T(t)

Torque T(t) has been applied to a rotating body having inertia, frictional coefficient, and
spring stiffness factor J, b, and K, respectively. Write,

a) The differential equations relating motion


b) Transfer function , G(s)= θ(s)/T(s)
c) State and output equations considering θ to be output

a) T(t)  J b K


b) (s)  1
T(s) Js2 bsK
c) Given: T(t) is input u, θ as output y

The states are chosen as,

  x1
1
 x2  x2  [b K T(t)]
J
The choice of the states leads us to,

x1 x2
K b T(t)
x2  x1  x2 
J J J
The above in matrix notation,

 0 1   0
 x1     x1   
x  K  b  x    1 u x Ax Bu
 2  2
 J J J 
 x1 
y  Y [1 0]  Y CxDu
x2 
State Space Variables from Transfer Functions

• Controllable Canonical Form.


• Observable Canonical Form.
• Other Forms.
• Controllable Canonical Form.
• Controllable Canonical Form.
• Controllable Canonical Form.
• Observable Canonical Form.
Y (s) s 2  7s  2
 3
U (s) s  9s 2  26s  24

Y (s) s 1  7 s 2  2 s 3

U ( s ) 1  9 s 1  2 6s  2  2 4s  3

Y(s)  s 1U(s)  7s 2U(s)  2s 3U(s)  9s 1Y(s)  26s 2Y(s)  24s 3Y(s)


Y (s)  s 1U (s)  7s 2U (s)  2s 3U (s)  9s 1Y (s)  26s 2Y (s)  24s 3Y (s)

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