AJ275647019268en 000201

MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE
Design Guide
VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
vlt-drives.danfoss.com
Contents Design Guide
Contents
1 Introduction 6
1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide 6
1.2 Additional Resources 6
1.3 Definitions 6
1.3.1 Frequency Converter 6
1.3.2 Input 6
1.3.3 Motor 6
1.3.4 References 7
1.3.5 Miscellaneous 7
1.4 Document and Software Version 9
1.5 Approvals and Certifications 9
1.5.1 CE Mark 9
1.5.2 Low Voltage Directive 9
1.5.3 EMC Directive 9
1.6 Safety 10
2 Product Overview 11
2.1 Enclosure Size Overview 11
2.2 Electrical Installation 12
2.2.1 Motor Connection 14
2.2.2 AC Mains Connection 15
2.2.3 Control Terminal Types 16
2.2.4 Wiring to Control Terminals 17
2.3 Control Structures 17
2.3.1 Control Modes 17
2.3.2 Control Principle 19
2.3.3 Control Structure in VVC+ 19
2.3.4 Internal Current Control in VVC+ Mode 20
2.3.5 Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto On) Control 20
2.4 Reference Handling 21
2.4.1 Reference Limits 22
2.4.2 Scaling of Preset References and Bus References 23
2.4.3 Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback 23
2.4.4 Dead Band Around Zero 24
2.5 PID Control 27
2.5.1 Speed PID Control 27
2.5.2 Process PID Control 30
2.5.3 Process Control Relevant Parameters 31
2.5.4 Example of Process PID Control 32
MG07B102 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. 1

Contents VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
2.5.5 Process Controller Optimization 34

2.5.6 Ziegler Nichols Tuning Method 35
2.6 EMC Emission and Immunity 36
2.6.1 General Aspects of EMC Emission 36
2.6.2 EMC Emission Requirements 37
2.6.3 EMC Immunity Requirements 38
2.7 Galvanic Isolation 39
2.8 Ground Leakage Current 39
2.9 Brake Functions 40
2.9.1 Mechanical Holding Brake 40
2.9.2 Dynamic Braking 41
2.9.3 Brake Resistor Selection 41
2.10 Smart Logic Controller 42
2.11 Extreme Running Conditions 43
2.11.1 Motor Thermal Protection 44
3 Application Examples 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.1.1 Encoder Connection 45
3.1.2 Encoder Direction 45
3.1.3 Closed-loop Drive System 45
3.2 Application Examples 46
3.2.1 AMA 46
3.2.2 Speed 46
3.2.3 Start/Stop 47
3.2.4 External Alarm Reset 48
3.2.5 Motor Thermistor 48
3.2.6 SLC 48
4 Safe Torque Off (STO) 49

4.1 Safety Precautions for STO 50
4.2 Safe Torque Off Installation 50
4.3 STO Commissioning 51
4.3.1 Activation of Safe Torque Off 51
4.3.2 Deactivation of Safe Torque Off 51
4.3.3 STO Commissioning Test 51
4.3.4 Test for STO Applications in Manual Restart Mode 52
4.3.5 Test for STO Applications in Automatic Restart Mode 52
4.4 Maintenance and Service for STO 52
4.5 STO Technical Data 53
2 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. MG07B102

5 RS485 Installation and Set-up 54

5.1 Introduction 54
5.1.1 Overview 54
5.1.2 Network Connection 54
5.1.3 Hardware Set-up 55
5.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication 55
5.1.5 EMC Precautions 55
5.2 FC Protocol 55
5.2.1 Overview 55
5.2.2 FC with Modbus RTU 56
5.3 Network Configuration 56
5.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure 56
5.4.1 Content of a Character (byte) 56
5.4.2 Telegram Structure 56
5.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE) 56
5.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR) 57
5.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC) 57
5.4.6 The Data Field 57
5.4.7 The PKE Field 57
5.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU) 58
5.4.9 Index (IND) 58
5.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE) 58
5.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Frequency Converter 58
5.4.12 Conversion 58
5.4.13 Process Words (PCD) 59
5.5 Examples 59
5.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value 59
5.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value 59
5.6 Modbus RTU 60
5.6.1 Prerequisite Knowledge 60
5.6.2 Overview 60
5.6.3 Frequency Converter with Modbus RTU 60
5.7 Network Configuration 60
5.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing Structure 61
5.8.1 Introduction 61
5.8.2 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure 61
5.8.3 Start/Stop Field 61
5.8.4 Address Field 61
5.8.5 Function Field 61
5.8.6 Data Field 62

Contents VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
5.8.7 CRC Check Field 62

5.8.8 Coil Register Addressing 62
5.8.9 How to Control the Frequency Converter 64
5.8.10 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU 64
5.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes 64
5.9 How to Access Parameters 64
5.9.1 Parameter Handling 64
5.9.2 Storage of Data 65
5.9.3 IND (Index) 65
5.9.4 Text Blocks 65
5.9.5 Conversion Factor 65
5.9.6 Parameter Values 65
5.10 Examples 65
5.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 hex) 65
5.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex) 66
5.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex) 66
5.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 hex) 66
5.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 hex) 67
5.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex) 67
5.11 Danfoss FC Control Profile 68
5.11.1 Control Word According to FC Profile (8–10 Protocol = FC Profile) 68
5.11.2 Status Word According to FC Profile (STW) 69
5.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value 71
6 Type Code and Selection 72

6.1 Ordering Numbers: Options and Accessories 72
6.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 73
6.2.1 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 10% 73
6.2.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 40% 74
7 Specifications 75
7.1 Power-dependent Specifications 75
7.2 Mains Supply (3-phase) 76
7.3 Motor Output and Motor Data 77
7.4 Ambient Conditions 77
7.5 Cable Specifications 78
7.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data 78
7.7 Connection Tightening Torques 81
7.8 Fuses and Circuit Breakers 81
7.9 Efficiency 82
7.10 Acoustic Noise 83

7.11 dU/dt Conditions 83

7.12 Special Conditions 84
7.12.1 Manual Derating 84
7.12.2 Automatic Derating 85
Index 86

Introduction VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
1 1 1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide 1.3 Definitions

This design guide is intended for project and systems 1.3.1 Frequency Converter
engineers, design consultants, and application and product
specialists. Technical information is provided to understand Coast
the capabilities of the frequency converter for integration The motor shaft is in free mode. No torque on the motor.
into motor control and monitoring systems. Details
IVLT,MAX
concerning operation, requirements, and recommendations
Maximum output current.
for system integration are described. Information is
provided for input power characteristics, output for motor IVLT,N
control, and ambient operating conditions for the Rated output current supplied by the frequency converter.
frequency converter. UVLT,MAX
Maximum output voltage.
Also included are:
• Safety features. 1.3.2 Input
• Fault condition monitoring.
• Operational status reporting. Control commands
Start and stop the connected motor with LCP and digital
• Serial communication capabilities. inputs.
• Programmable options and features. Functions are divided into 2 groups.
Design details such as site requirements, cables, fuses, Functions in group 1 have higher priority than functions in
control wiring, the size and weight of units, and other group 2.
critical information necessary to plan for system integration
are also provided. Group 1 Precise stop, coast and reset stop, precise stop
and coast stop, quick stop, DC braking, stop, and
[OFF].
Reviewing the detailed product information in the design
Group 2 Start, pulse start, reversing, start reversing, jog,
stage enables developing a well-conceived system with
and freeze output.
optimal functionality and efficiency.
Table 1.1 Function Groups
VLT® is a registered trademark.
1.2 Additional Resources 1.3.3 Motor

Resources available to understand operations and Motor running
programming of the frequency converter: Torque generated on the output shaft and speed from
• VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Operating Guide, provides 0 RPM to maximum speed on the motor.
information about the installation, commissioning,
fJOG
application and maintenance of the frequency
Motor frequency when the jog function is activated (via
converter.
digital terminals).
• VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Programming Guide,
fM
provides information on how to program and
Motor frequency.
includes complete parameter descriptions.
fMAX
Supplementary publications and manuals are available
Maximum motor frequency.
from Danfoss. See vlt-drives.danfoss.com/Support/Technical-
Documentation/ for listings. fMIN
Minimum motor frequency.
fM,N
Rated motor frequency (nameplate data).
IM
Motor current (actual).
IM,N
Nominal motor current (nameplate data).

Introduction Design Guide
nM,N Preset reference 1 1

Nominal motor speed (nameplate data). A defined preset reference to be set from -100% to +100%
of the reference range. Selection of 8 preset references via
ns
the digital terminals.
Synchronous motor speed
2 × par . 1 ′ 23 × 60 s Pulse reference
ns =
par . 1 ′ 39 A pulse frequency signal transmitted to the digital inputs
nslip (terminal 29 or 33).
Motor slip.
RefMAX
PM,N Determines the relationship between the reference input at
Rated motor power (nameplate data in kW or hp). 100% full scale value (typically 10 V, 20 mA) and the
TM,N resulting reference. The maximum reference value is set in
Rated torque (motor). parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference.
UM RefMIN
Instantaneous motor voltage. Determines the relationship between the reference input at
0% value (typically 0 V, 0 mA, 4 mA) and the resulting
UM,N
reference. The minimum reference value is set in
Rated motor voltage (nameplate data).
parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference.
Break-away torque
Torque
1.3.5 Miscellaneous
175ZA078.10
Pull-out
Analog inputs
The analog inputs are used for controlling various
functions of the frequency converter.
There are 2 types of analog inputs:
• Current input: 0–20 mA and 4–20 mA.
• Voltage input: 0–10 V DC.
Analog outputs
The analog outputs can supply a signal of 0–20 mA, or 4–
20 mA.
rpm
Automatic motor adaptation, AMA
The AMA algorithm determines the electrical parameters
Illustration 1.1 Break-away Torque
for the connected motor at standstill.
Brake resistor
The brake resistor is a module capable of absorbing the
ηVLT
brake power generated in regenerative braking. This
The efficiency of the frequency converter is defined as the
regenerative brake power increases the DC-link voltage,
ratio between the power output and the power input.
and a brake chopper ensures that the power is transmitted
Start-disable command to the brake resistor.
A start-disable command belonging to the control
CT characteristics
commands in group 1. See Table 1.1 for more details.
Constant torque characteristics used for all applications
Stop command such as conveyor belts, displacement pumps, and cranes.
A stop command belonging to the control commands in
Digital inputs
group 1. See Table 1.1 for more details.
The digital inputs can be used for controlling various
functions of the frequency converter.
1.3.4 References
Digital outputs
The frequency converter features 2 solid-state outputs that
Analog reference
can supply a 24 V DC (maximum 40 mA) signal.
A signal transmitted to the analog inputs 53 or 54 can be
voltage or current. DSP
Digital signal processor.
Binary reference
A signal transmitted to the serial communication port.

1 1 ETR Power factor =

I1 x cosϕ1
IRMS
=
I1
IRMS
Electronic thermal relay is a thermal load calculation based
The power factor indicates to which extent the frequency
on present load and time. Its purpose is to estimate the
converter imposes a load on the mains supply.
motor temperature.
The lower the power factor, the higher the IRMS for the
FC standard bus same kW performance.
Includes RS485 bus with FC protocol or MC protocol. See
IRMS = I21 + I25 + I27 + .. + I2n
parameter 8-30 Protocol.
In addition, a high power factor indicates that the different
Initializing harmonic currents are low.
If initializing is carried out (parameter 14-22 Operation The built-in DC coils produce a high power factor,
Mode), the frequency converter returns to the default minimizing the imposed load on the mains supply.
setting.
Pulse input/incremental encoder
Intermittent duty cycle An external, digital pulse transmitter used for feeding back
An intermittent duty rating refers to a sequence of duty information on motor speed. The encoder is used in
cycles. Each cycle consists of an on-load and an off-load applications where great accuracy in speed control is
period. The operation can be either periodic duty or non- required.
periodic duty.
RCD
LCP Residual current device.
The local control panel makes up a complete interface for
Set-up
control and programming of the frequency converter. The
Save parameter settings in 4 set-ups. Change among the 4
LCP is detachable. With the installation kit option, the LCP
parameter set-ups and edit 1 set-up while this set-up is
can be installed up to 3 m (9.8 ft) from the frequency
inactive.
converter in a front panel.
SFAVM
NLCP
Acronym describing the switching pattern stator flux-
The numerical local control panel interface for control and
oriented asynchronous vector modulation.
programming of the frequency converter. The display is
numerical and the panel is used to show process values. Slip compensation
The NLCP has storing and copy functions. The frequency converter compensates for the motor slip by
giving the frequency a supplement that follows the
lsb
measured motor load, keeping the motor speed almost
Least significant bit.
constant.
msb
Smart logic control (SLC)
Most significant bit.
The SLC is a sequence of user-defined actions executed
MCM when the smart logic controller evaluates the associated
Short for mille circular mil, an American measuring unit for user-defined events as true (parameter group 13-** Smart
cable cross-section. 1 MCM = 0.5067 mm2. Logic Control).
On-line/off-line parameters STW
Changes to on-line parameters are activated immediately Status word.
after the data value is changed. To activate changes to off-
THD
line parameters, press [OK].
Total harmonic distortion states the total contribution of
Process PID harmonic distortion.
The PID control maintains speed, pressure, and
Thermistor
temperature by adjusting the output frequency to match
A temperature-dependent resistor placed where the
the varying load.
temperature is monitored (frequency converter or motor).
PCD
Trip
Process control data.
Trip is a state entered in fault situations. Examples of fault
Power cycle situations:
Switch off the mains until the display (LCP) is dark, then
turn power on again.
• The frequency converter is subject to an over
voltage.
Power factor
The power factor is the relation between I1 and IRMS.
• The frequency converter protects the motor,
process, or mechanism.
3 x U x I1 cosϕ1
Power factor = Restart is prevented until the cause of the fault has
3 x U x IRMS
For FC 280 frequency converters, cosϕ1 = 1, therefore: disappeared, and the trip state is cancelled by activating

Introduction Design Guide
reset or, in some cases, by being programmed to reset Technical specifications cannot be deduced from the CE 1 1
automatically. Do not use trip for personal safety. mark.
Trip lock
Trip lock is a state entered in fault situations when the 1.5.2 Low Voltage Directive
frequency converter is protecting itself and requiring
physical intervention. For example, a short circuit on the Frequency converters are classified as electronic
output triggers a trip lock. A locked trip can only be components and must be CE labeled in accordance with
canceled by cutting off mains, removing the cause of the the Low Voltage Directive. The directive applies to all
fault, and reconnecting the frequency converter. Restart is electrical equipment in the 50–1000 V AC and the 75–
prevented until the trip state is canceled by activating 1600 V DC voltage ranges.
reset or, sometimes, by being programmed to reset
automatically. Do not use trip lock for personal safety. The directive mandates that the equipment design must
VT characteristics ensure the safety and health of people and livestock, and
Variable torque characteristics used for pumps and fans. the preservation of material by ensuring the equipment is
properly installed, maintained, and used as intended.
VVC+ Danfoss CE labels comply with the Low Voltage Directive,
If compared with standard voltage/frequency ratio control, and Danfoss provides a declaration of conformity at
voltage vector control (VVC+) improves the dynamics and request.
stability, both when the speed reference is changed and in
relation to the load torque.
1.5.3 EMC Directive
60° AVM
Refer to the switching pattern 60° asynchronous vector Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that electro-
modulation. magnetic interference between pieces of equipment does
1.4 Document and Software Version not hinder their performance. The basic protection
requirement of the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU states that
This manual is regularly reviewed and updated. All devices that generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) or
suggestions for improvement are welcome. Table 1.2 shows whose operation could be affected by EMI must be
the document version and the corresponding software designed to limit the generation of electromagnetic
version. interference and shall have a suitable degree of immunity
to EMI when properly installed, maintained, and used as
Edition Remarks Software version intended.
MG07B1 The first edition of this manual 1.1
A frequency converter can be used as standalone device or
Table 1.2 Document and Software Version as part of a more complex installation. Devices in either of
these cases must bear the CE mark. Systems must not be
1.5 Approvals and Certifications CE marked but must comply with the basic protection
requirements of the EMC directive.
Frequency converters are designed in compliance with the
directives described in this section. Applied standards and compliance for STO
Using STO on terminals 37 and 38 requires fulfillment of all
provisions for safety including relevant laws, regulations,
1.5.1 CE Mark and guidelines.
The CE mark (Communauté européenne) indicates that the The integrated STO function complies with the following
product manufacturer conforms to all applicable EU standards:
directives. • IEC/EN 61508: 2010 SIL2
• IEC/EN 61800-5-2: 2007 SIL2
The EU directives applicable to the design and • IEC/EN 62061: 2012 SILCL of SIL2
manufacture of frequency converters are:
• The Low Voltage Directive. • IEC/EN 61326-3-1: 2008
• The EMC Directive. • EN ISO 13849-1: 2008 Category 3 PL d
• The Machinery Directive (for units with an

integrated safety function).
The CE mark is intended to eliminate technical barriers to
free trade between the EC and EFTA states inside the ECU.
The CE mark does not regulate the quality of the product.

1 1 1.6 Safety
Frequency converters contain high-voltage components
and have the potential for fatal injury if handled
improperly. Only qualified personnel are allowed to install
and operate the equipment. Do not attempt repair work
without first removing power from the frequency converter
and waiting the designated duration of time for stored
electrical energy to dissipate.
Refer to the operating instructions shipped with the unit,

and available online for:
• Discharge time.
• Detailed safety instructions and warnings.
Strict adherence to safety precautions and notices is
mandatory for safe operation of the frequency converter.

Product Overview Design Guide
2 Product Overview
2 2
2.1 Enclosure Size Overview
Enclosure size depends on power range.
Enclosure K1 K2 K3 K4 K5
size
130BA870.10
130BA809.10
130BA810.10
130BA810.10
130BA810.10
Enclosure
IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20
protection
Power
range
[kW (hp)] 0.37–2.2 (0.5–3.0) 3.0–5.5 (5.0–7.5) 7.5 (10) 11–15 (15–20) 18.5–22 (25–30)
3-phase
380–480 V
Power
range
[kW (hp)] 0.37–1.5 (0.5–2.0) 2.2 (3.0) 3.7 (5.0) – –
3-phase
200–240 V1)
Power
range
[kW (hp)]
0.37–1.5 (0.5–2.0) 2.2 (3.0) – – –
single-
phase
200–240 V1)
Table 2.1 Enclosure Sizes

1) Single-phase and 3-phase 200–240 V products are launched on the market later.

Product Overview VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
2.2 Electrical Installation

This section describes how to wire the frequency converter.
2 2
130BE202.15
RFI
91 (L1/N) (U) 96
Power 92 (L2/L) (V) 97
input 93 (L3) (W) 98
95 PE (PE) 99
Motor
Switch mode
power supply * (-DC) 88
10 V DC 24 V DC (+DC/R+) 89 Brake
15 mA 100 mA resistor
50 (+10 V OUT) + - + -
+10 V DC (R-) 81
0−10 V DC 53 (A IN) **
Relay 1
03
0−10 V DC 54 (A IN) 250 V AC, 3 A
0/4−20 mA 02
55 (COM A IN) 01
12 (+24 V OUT)
13 (+24 V OUT)
P 5-00
24 V (NPN)
18 (D IN) 0 V (PNP)
24 V (NPN)
19 (D IN) 0 V (PNP) (A OUT) 42 Analog output
0/4−20 mA
24 V (NPN)
27 (D IN/OUT) 0 V (PNP) ***
24 V ON = Terminated
1 2
ON
OFF = Open
0V 5V
24 V (NPN)
29 (D IN) 0 V (PNP)
S801 0V
RS485
(N RS485) 69 RS485
24 V (NPN) interface
32 (D IN) 0 V (PNP) (P RS485) 68
24 V (NPN)
33 (D IN) 0V (COM RS485) 61
0 V (PNP)
(PNP) = Source
37 (STO1)**** (NPN) = Sink
38 (STO2)****
Illustration 2.1 Basic Wiring Schematic Drawing
A=Analog, D=Digital
* Built-in brake chopper is only available on 3-phase units.
** Terminal 53 can also be used as digital input.
*** Switch S801 (bus terminal) can be used to enable termination on the RS485 port (terminals 68 and 69).
**** Refer to chapter 4 Safe Torque Off (STO) for the correct STO wiring.

130BD391.11
2
3
2 2
1
Status Quick Main

Menu Menu
Menu
Back
OK
Hand Auto
On Reset On
9 10
L1
L2
U
L3
V
PE
W
PE
8 7
1 PLC 6 Minimum 200 mm (7.9 in) between control cables, motor, and
mains.
2 Frequency converter 7 Motor, 3-phase and PE
3 Output contactor (generally not recommended) 8 Mains, single-phase, 3-phase, and reinforced PE
4 Grounding rail (PE) 9 Control wiring
5 Cable shielding (stripped) 10 Equalizing minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG)
Illustration 2.2 Typical Electrical Connection

2.2.1 Motor Connection
130BD531.10
2 2 WARNING V
W
98
INDUCED VOLTAGE U 97
96
Induced voltage from output motor cables that run
together can charge equipment capacitors, even when
the equipment is turned off and locked out. Failure to
run output motor cables separately or use shielded
cables could result in death or serious injury.
• Run output motor cables separately.

• Use shielded cables.
• Comply with local and national electrical codes
for cable sizes. For maximum cable sizes, see
chapter 7.1 Power-dependent Specifications.
• Follow motor manufacturer wiring requirements.
• Motor wiring knockouts or access panels are
provided at the base of IP21 (NEMA1/12) units.
• Do not wire a starting or pole-changing device
(for example Dahlander motor or slip ring
induction motor) between the frequency Illustration 2.3 Motor Connection
converter and the motor.
Procedure
1. Strip a section of the outer cable insulation. The mains, motor, and grounding connection for single-
Recommended length is 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in). phase and 3-phase frequency converters are shown in
Illustration 2.4, Illustration 2.5, and Illustration 2.6, respec-
2. Position the stripped cable under the cable clamp
tively. Actual configurations vary with unit types and
to establish mechanical fixation and electrical
optional equipment.
contact between the cable shield and ground.
3. Connect the ground cable to the nearest
grounding terminal in accordance with the
grounding instructions provided in chapter
Grounding in the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Operating
Guide. See Illustration 2.3.
4. Connect the 3-phase motor wiring to terminals
96 (U), 97 (V), and 98 (W), as shown in
Illustration 2.3.
5. Tighten the terminals in accordance with the
information provided in chapter 7.7 Connection
Tightening Torques.

130BE804.10
130BE232.11
2 2
Illustration 2.4 Mains, Motor, and Grounding Connection for Illustration 2.6 Mains, Motor, and Grounding Connection for 3-
Single-phase Units (K1, K2) phase Units (K4, K5)
2.2.2 AC Mains Connection

130BE231.11
• Size the wiring based on the input current of the

frequency converter. For maximum wire sizes, see
chapter 7.1 Power-dependent Specifications.
• Comply with local and national electrical codes
for cable sizes.
Procedure
1. Connect the AC input power cables to terminals
N and L for single-phase units (see
Illustration 2.4), or to terminals L1, L2, and L3 for
3-phase units (see Illustration 2.5 and
Illustration 2.6).
2. Depending on the configuration of the
equipment, connect the input power to the
mains input terminals or the input disconnect.
3. Ground the cable in accordance with the
grounding instructions in chapter Grounding in
the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Operating Guide.
4. When supplied from an isolated mains source (IT
mains or floating delta) or TT/TN-S mains with a
Illustration 2.5 Mains, Motor, and Grounding Connection for 3- grounded leg (grounded delta), ensure that the
phase Units (K1, K2, K3) RFI filter screw is removed. Removing the RFI
screw prevents damage to the DC link and
reduces ground capacity currents in accordance
with IEC 61800-3.

2.2.3 Control Terminal Types Terminal Parameter

Default
Description
setting
Illustration 2.7 shows the removable frequency converter Parameter 5-13 Ter [14] Jog Digital input.
2 2 connectors. Terminal functions and default settings are 29 minal 29 Digital
summarized in Table 2.2 and Table 2.3. Input
Parameter 5-14 Ter
[0] No Digital input,
32 minal 32 Digital
130BE212.10
operation 24 V encoder.
Input
Terminal 33 can
Parameter 5-15 Ter be used for
[0] No
33 minal 33 Digital pulse input.
1 2 operation
Input
Functional safety
37, 38 – STO
inputs.
3
Analog inputs/outputs
Programmable
Illustration 2.7 Control Terminal Locations analog output.
The analog
signal is 0–
Parameter 6-91 Ter
[0] No 20 mA or 4–
130BE214.10
1 2 42 minal 42 Analog
37 38 12 13 18 19 27 29 32 33 61 68 69
operation 20 mA at a
Output
maximum of
500 Ω. Can also
be configured as
3
digital outputs.
42 53 54 50 55
10 V DC analog
supply voltage.
15 mA
Illustration 2.8 Terminal Numbers
maximum
50 – +10 V DC
commonly used
for potenti-
See chapter 7.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data for ometer or
terminal ratings details. thermistor.
Analog input.
Default Only voltage
Terminal Parameter Description Parameter group
setting mode is
53 6-1* Analog input –
Digital I/O, pulse I/O, encoder supported. It can
53
24 V DC supply also be used as
voltage. digital input.
Maximum Analog input.
12, 13 – +24 V DC Parameter group
output current is Selectable
54 6-2* Analog input –
100 mA for all between voltage
54
24 V loads. or current mode.
Parameter 5-10 Ter Common for
18 minal 18 Digital [8] Start 55 – – digital and
Input analog inputs.
Digital inputs.
Parameter 5-11 Ter
[10] Table 2.2 Terminal Descriptions - Digital Inputs/Outputs,
19 minal 19 Digital
Reversing Analog Inputs/Outputs
Input
Parameter 5-01 Ter
Selectable for
minal 27 Mode
either digital
Parameter 5-12 Ter
input, digital
minal 27 Digital
27 output, or pulse
Input DI [2] Coast
output. The
Parameter 5-30 Ter inverse
default setting is
minal 27 Digital DO [0] No
digital input.
Output operation

Terminal Parameter
Default
Description
2.3 Control Structures
setting
Serial communication A frequency converter rectifies AC voltage from mains into
Integrated RC DC voltage. Then the DC voltage is converted into an AC 2 2
filter for cable current with a variable amplitude and frequency.
shield. ONLY for
61 – – connecting the The motor is supplied with variable voltage/current and
shield when frequency, enabling infinitely variable speed control of 3-
experiencing phased standard AC motors and permanent magnet
EMC problems. synchronous motors.
Parameter group RS485 interface.
68 (+) 8-3* FC port – A control card 2.3.1 Control Modes
settings switch is
Parameter group provided for The frequency converter controls either the speed or the
69 (-) 8-3* FC port – termination torque on the motor shaft. The frequency converter also
settings resistance. controls the process for some applications which use
Relays process data as reference or feedback, for example,
Form C relay temperature and pressure. Setting parameter 1-00 Configu-
output. These ration Mode determines the type of control.
relays are in
various locations Speed control
depending on There are 2 types of speed control:
Parameter 5-40 Fun [1] Control the frequency
01, 02, 03 • Speed open-loop control, which does not require
ction Relay Ready converter config- any feedback from the motor (sensorless).
uration and size.
Usable for AC or • Speed closed-loop PID control, which requires a
DC voltage and speed feedback to an input. A properly optimized
resistive or speed closed-loop control has higher accuracy
inductive loads. than a speed open-loop control.
Select which input to use as speed PID feedback in
Table 2.3 Terminal Descriptions - Serial Communication parameter 7-00 Speed PID Feedback Source.
Torque control
2.2.4 Wiring to Control Terminals The torque control function is used in applications where
the torque on motor output shaft controls the application
Control terminal connectors can be unplugged from the as tension control. Select [2] Torque closed loop or [4]
frequency converter for ease of installation, as shown in Torque open loop in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode.
Illustration 2.7. Torque setting is done by setting an analog, digital, or bus-
controlled reference. When running torque control, it is
For details about STO wiring, refer to chapter 4 Safe Torque recommended to run a full AMA procedure, because
Off (STO). correct motor data is important in achieving optimal
performance.
NOTICE • Closed-loop in VVC+ mode. This function is used
Keep control cables as short as possible and separate in applications with low to medium dynamic
them from high-power cables to minimize interference. variation of shaft and offers excellent
performance in all 4 quadrants and at all motor
1. Loosen the screws for the terminals. speeds. The speed feedback signal is mandatory.
Ensure that the encoder resolution is at least
2. Insert sleeved control cables into the slots.
1024 PPR, and the shield cable of the encoder is
3. Fasten the screws for the terminals. properly grounded, because the accuracy of the
4. Ensure that the contact is firmly established and speed feedback signal is important. Tune
not loose. Loose control wiring can be the source parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter Time to
of equipment faults or less than optimal get the best speed feedback signal.
operation. • Open-loop in VVC+ mode. The function is used in
See chapter 7.5 Cable Specifications for control terminal mechanically robust applications, but the
cable sizes and chapter 3 Application Examples for typical accuracy is limited. Open-loop torque function
control cable connections.

works for 2 directions. The torque is calculated

from the internal current measurement in the
frequency converter.
2 2 Speed/torque reference
The reference to these controls can be either a single
reference or the sum of various references including
relatively scaled references. Reference handling is explained
in detail in chapter 2.4 Reference Handling.
Process control
There are 2 types of process control:
• Process closed-loop control, which runs speed
open-loop to control the motor internally, is a
basic process PID controller.
• Extended PID speed open-loop control, which
also runs speed open-loop to control the motor
internally, extends the function of the basic
process PID controller by adding more functions.
For example, feed forward control, clamping,
reference/feedback filter, and gain scaling.

2.3.2 Control Principle
VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 is a general-purpose frequency converter for variable speed applications. The control principle is
based on VVC+. 2 2
FC 280 frequency converters can handle asynchronous motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors up to 22 kW
(30 hp).
The current-sensing principle in FC 280 frequency converters is based on the current measurement by a resistor in the DC
link. The ground fault protection and short circuit behavior are handled by the same resistor.
130BD974.10
Brake resistor
R+ R-
Load sharing + 82 81
89(+)
L1 91
L2 92
Inrush U 96
L3 93
V 97
M
W 98
RFI switch
Load sharing -
88(-)
Illustration 2.9 Control Diagram
2.3.3 Control Structure in VVC+
P 4-19
130BD371.10
Max. output freq.
P 1-00 P 1-00
P 4-14
Config. mode Config. mode
Motor speed +f max.
high limit (Hz)
High P 3-** Motor
controller
Ref.
Ramp -f max.
Low
+ P 4-12
P 4-19
S Process Motor speed
Max. output freq.
_ low limit (Hz)
P 7-0* +f max.
P 7-20 Process feedback + Speed Motor

1 source S PID controller
P 7-22 Process feedback _
2 source -f max.
P 7-00 Speed PID
feedback source
Illustration 2.10 Control Structure in VVC+ Open-loop Configurations and Closed-loop Configurations
In the configuration shown in Illustration 2.10, parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle is set to [1] VVC+ and
parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode is set to [0] Speed open loop. The resulting reference from the reference handling system

is received and fed through the ramp limitation and speed limitation before being sent to the motor control. The output of
the motor control is then limited by the maximum frequency limit.
2 2 If parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode is set to [1] Speed closed loop, the resulting reference is passed from the ramp
limitation and speed limitation into a speed PID control. The speed PID control parameters are in parameter group 7-0*
Speed PID Ctrl. The resulting reference from the speed PID control is sent to the motor control limited by the frequency limit.
Select [3] Process in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of speed or
pressure in the controlled application. The process PID parameters are in parameter groups 7-2* Process Ctrl. Feedb and 7-3*
Process PID Ctrl.
2.3.4 Internal Current Control in VVC+ 2.3.5 Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto
Mode On) Control
The frequency converter features an integral current limit Operate the frequency converter manually via the local
control. This feature is activated when the motor current, control panel (graphic LCP or numerical LCP) or remotely
and thus the torque, is higher than the torque limits set in via analog/digital inputs or fieldbus.
parameter 4-16 Torque Limit Motor Mode, Start and stop the frequency converter by pressing the
parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode, and [Hand On] and [Reset] keys on the LCP. Set-up is required
parameter 4-18 Current Limit. via the following parameters:
When the frequency converter is at the current limit during • Parameter 0-40 [Hand on] Key on LCP.
motor operation or regenerative operation, the frequency
converter tries to get below the preset torque limits as • Parameter 0-44 [Off/Reset] Key on LCP.
quickly as possible without losing control of the motor. • Parameter 0-42 [Auto on] Key on LCP.
Reset alarms via the [Reset] key or via a digital input, when
the terminal is programmed to Reset.
130BP046.10
Hand Auto
Off Reset
on on
Illustration 2.11 GLCP Control Keys
130BB893.10
Hand Off Auto

On Reset On
Illustration 2.12 NLCP Control Keys
Local reference forces the configuration mode to open

loop, independent of the setting in parameter 1-00 Configu-
ration Mode.
Local reference is restored when the frequency converter

powers down.

2.4 Reference Handling

Local reference
The local reference is active when the frequency converter is operated with [Hand On] active. Adjust the reference by [▲]/[▼] 2 2
and [◄/[►].
Remote reference
The reference handling system for calculating the remote reference is shown in Illustration 2.13.
130BD374.10
Relative scaling ref.
No function
P 3-18
Analog ref.
Pulse ref.
Local bus ref.

DigiPot
P 3-14
Preset relative ref.
P 3-00 P 1-00
(0) Ref./feedback range Configuration mode
(1)
(2) P 5-1x(19)/P 5-1x(20)

(3) Speed
open/closed loop
Preset ref.
(4) Freeze ref./Freeze output

P 3-10
Scale to
(5) -max ref./ Hz
P 5-1x(28)/P 5-1x(29) +max ref.
(6) 100%
Input command:
(7) Catch up/ slow down
-100% Torque P 16-01
Y Remote
Relative Catch up/ ref.
P 3-04 Scale to
X+X*Y slow Nm
(0) X
/100 down
max ref.
P 3-12 %
No function (1)
D1 Catchup Slowdown
value Process
Analog ref. P 5-1x(15) %
Preset '1'
Ref.resource 1
External '0' min ref. Scale to

Pulse ref. process
P 3-15
±100% unit
Local bus ref. Freeze ref.
&
DigiPot increase/
decrease
ref.
P 5-1x(21)/P 5-1x(22)
Speed up/ speed down
No function
Analog ref. P 16-02

Ref. resource 2
200% Ref. in %
P 3-16
Pulse ref.
Local bus ref. -200%
DigiPot
No function
Analog ref.
Ref. resource 3
P 3-17
Pulse ref.
Local bus ref.

DigiPot
Illustration 2.13 Remote Reference

The remote reference is calculated once in every scan 2.4.1 Reference Limits
interval and initially consists of 2 types of reference
inputs: Parameter 3-00 Reference Range, parameter 3-02 Minimum
2 2 1. X (the external reference): A sum (see Reference, and parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference define
parameter 3-04 Reference Function) of up to 4 the allowed range of the sum of all references. The sum of
externally selected references, comprising any all references is clamped when necessary. The relation
combination (determined by the setting of between the resulting reference (after clamping) and the
parameter 3-15 Reference 1 Source, sum of all references are shown in Illustration 2.14 and
parameter 3-16 Reference 2 Source, and Illustration 2.15.
parameter 3-17 Reference 3 Source) of a fixed
preset reference (parameter 3-10 Preset Reference),
P 3-00 Reference Range= [0] Min-Max
130BA184.10
variable analog references, variable digital pulse
references, and various fieldbus references in any Resulting reference
unit the frequency converter is monitoring ([Hz],
[RPM], [Nm], and so on).
2. Y (the relative reference): A sum of 1 fixed preset P 3-03
reference (parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference)
Forward
and 1 variable analog reference
(parameter 3-18 Relative Scaling Reference
P 3-02
Resource) in [%].
The 2 types of reference inputs are combined in the
following formula:
Sum of all
Remote reference=X+X*Y/100%.
-P 3-02 references
If relative reference is not used, set parameter 3-18 Relative
Scaling Reference Resource to [0] No function and
Reverse
parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference to 0%. The digital
-P 3-03
inputs on the frequency converter can activate both the
catch up/slow down function and the freeze reference
function. The functions and parameters are described in Illustration 2.14 Sum of All References When Reference Range
the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Programming Guide. is Set to 0
The scaling of analog references is described in parameter
groups 6-1* Analog Input 53 and 6-2* Analog Input 54, and
the scaling of digital pulse references is described in
130BA185.10
P 3-00 Reference Range =[1]-Max-Max
parameter group 5-5* Pulse Input.
Reference limits and ranges are set in parameter group 3-0* Resulting reference
Reference Limits.
P 3-03
Sum of all
references
-P 3-03
Illustration 2.15 Sum of All References When Reference Range

is Set to 1
The value of parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference cannot be

set to less than 0, unless parameter 1-00 Configuration
Mode is set to [3] Process. In that case, the following
relations between the resulting reference (after clamping)
and the sum of all references are as shown in
Illustration 2.16.

2.4.3 Scaling of Analog and Pulse
130BA186.11
P 3-00 Reference Range= [0] Min to Max
References and Feedback
Resulting reference
References and feedback are scaled from analog and pulse 2 2
inputs in the same way. The only difference is that a
reference above or below the specified minimum and
P 3-03 maximum endpoints (P1 and P2 in Illustration 2.17) are
clamped while feedbacks above or below are not.
Resource output
130BD431.10
Sum of all [Hz]
P 3-02 references
High reference/
feedback value 50 P2
Illustration 2.16 Sum of All References When Minimum

Reference is Set to a Minus Value
2.4.2 Scaling of Preset References and Bus Low reference/ P1

References feedback value
Resource input
Preset references are scaled according to the following 0 1 8 10

[V]
rules: Terminal X
high
• When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [0]
Illustration 2.17 Minimum and Maximum Endpoints
Min–Max, 0% reference equals 0 [unit] where unit
can be any unit, for example RPM, m/s, and bar.
100% reference equals the maximum (absolute
value of parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference,
absolute value of parameter 3-02 Minimum
Reference).
-Max–+Max, 0% reference equals 0 [unit], and
100% reference equals maximum reference.
Bus references are scaled according to the following
rules:
Min–Max, 0% reference equals minimum
reference and 100% reference equals maximum
reference.
-Max–+Max, -100% reference equals -maximum
reference, and 100% reference equals maximum
reference.

The endpoints P1 and P2 are defined in Table 2.4 depending on the choice of input.
Input Analog 53 Analog 54 Analog 54 Pulse Input 29 Pulse Input 33

2 2 voltage mode voltage mode current mode
P1=(Minimum input value, minimum reference value)
Minimum reference value Parameter 6-14 Te Parameter 6-24 Te Parameter 6-24 Ter Parameter 5-52 Ter Parameter 5-57 Term. 33
rminal 53 Low rminal 54 Low minal 54 Low Ref./ m. 29 Low Ref./ Low Ref./Feedb. Value
Ref./Feedb. Value Ref./Feedb. Value Feedb. Value Feedb. Value
Minimum input value Parameter 6-10 Te Parameter 6-20 Te Parameter 6-22 Ter Parameter 5-50 Ter Parameter 5-55 Term. 33
rminal 53 Low rminal 54 Low minal 54 Low m. 29 Low Low Frequency [Hz]
Voltage [V] Voltage [V] Current [mA] Frequency [Hz]
P2=(Maximum input value, maximum reference value)
Maximum reference value Parameter 6-15 Te Parameter 6-25 Te Parameter 6-25 Ter Parameter 5-53 Ter Parameter 5-58 Term. 33
rminal 53 High rminal 54 High minal 54 High Ref./ m. 29 High Ref./ High Ref./Feedb. Value
Ref./Feedb. Value Ref./Feedb. Value Feedb. Value Feedb. Value
Maximum input value Parameter 6-11 Te Parameter 6-21 Te Parameter 6-23 Ter Parameter 5-51 Ter Parameter 5-56 Term. 33
rminal 53 High rminal 54 High minal 54 High m. 29 High High Frequency [Hz]
Voltage [V] Voltage [V] Current [mA] Frequency [Hz]
Table 2.4 P1 and P2 Endpoints
2.4.4 Dead Band Around Zero
Sometimes, the reference (in rare cases also the feedback) should have a dead band around 0 to ensure that the machine is
stopped when the reference is near 0.
To make the dead band active and to set the amount of dead band, do the following:
• Set either the minimum reference value (see Table 2.4 for relevant parameter) or maximum reference value at 0. In
other words, either P1 or P2 must be on the X-axis in Illustration 2.18.
• Ensure that both points defining the scaling graph are in the same quadrant.
P1 or P2 defines the size of the dead band as shown in Illustration 2.18.
Resource output
130BD446.10
Quadrant 2 Quadrant 1
[Hz] or “No unit”
High reference/feedback 50 P2
value forward
P1
Resource input
Low reference/feedback 0
[mA]
value 1 16 20
Terminal X high
Terminal low
-50 reverse
Quadrant 3 Quadrant 4
Illustration 2.18 Size of Dead Band
Case 1: Positive reference with dead band, digital input to trigger reverse, part I
Illustration 2.19 shows how reference input with limits inside minimum to maximum limits clamps.

130BD454.10
General Reference General Motor
parameters: parameters:
Limited to: -200%- +200%
Reference Range: Min - Max Motor speed direction:Both directions
Minimum Reference: 0 Hz (0,0%) (-40 Hz- +40 Hz)
Maximum Reference: 20 Hz (100,0%)
Motor speed Low limit: 0 Hz
Motor speed high limit: 8 Hz 2 2
Analog input 53
Low reference 0 Hz Ext. reference Reference Limited to:
+
High reference 20 Hz Range: algorithm
0%- +100%
Low voltage 1 V 0.0% (0 Hz)
Ext. Reference (0 Hz- +20 Hz)
High voltage 10 V 100.0% (20 Hz)
Absolute
0 Hz 1 V
Ext. source 1
20 Hz 10V Reference
Range:
Range:
0.0% (0 Hz) Reference is scaled
according to min 0.0% (0 Hz)
100.0% (20 Hz)
max reference giving a 100.0% (20 Hz)
speed.!!!
Dead band
Hz
20
Scale to Hz
speed 20
V
1 10
V
1 10
Speed
setpoint
Range: -20
Digital input 19 -20 Hz
Digital input Low No reversing +20 Hz
High Reversing
Limits Speed Setpoint

according to min max speed.!!!
Motor PID
Motor Range:
control -8 Hz Motor
+8 Hz
Illustration 2.19 Clamping of Reference Input with Limits inside Minimum to Maximum

Case 2: Positive reference with dead band, digital input to trigger reverse, part II
Illustration 2.20 shows how reference input with limits outside -maximum to +maximum limits clamps to the input low and
high limits before adding to external reference, and how the external reference is clamped to -maximum to +maximum by
2 2 the reference algorithm.
130BD433.11
General Reference General Motor
parameters: parameters:
Limited to: -200%- +200%
Reference Range: -Max - Max Motor speed direction: Both directions
Minimum Reference: Don't care (-40 Hz- +40 Hz)
Motor speed Low limit: 0 Hz
Maximum Reference: 20 Hz (100.0%) Motor speed high limit: 10 Hz
Analog input 53
Low reference 0 Hz + Ext. reference Reference Limited to:
High reference 20 Hz Range: algorithm -100%- +100%
Ext. Reference Low voltage 1 V 0.0% (0 Hz) (-20 Hz- +20 Hz)
High voltage 10 V 150.0% (30 Hz)
Absolute
0 Hz 1 V Ext. source 1
30 Hz 10 V Reference
Range:
Range:
0.0% (0 Hz) Reference is scaled
150.0% (30 Hz) according to 0.0% (0 Hz)
max reference giving a 100.0% (20 Hz)
speed.!!!
Dead band
30 Hz
Scale to
speed 20 Hz
V
1 10
V
1 10
Speed
setpoint
Range: -20 Hz
Digital input 19 -20 Hz
Digital input Low No reversing +20 Hz
High Reversing
Limits Speed Setpoint

according to min max speed.!!!
Motor PID
Motor Range:
control –10 Hz Motor
+10 Hz
Illustration 2.20 Clamping of Reference Input with Limits outside -Maximum to +Maximum

2.5 PID Control

2.5.1 Speed PID Control
2 2
Parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle
Parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode
U/f VVC+
[1] Speed closed loop Not available1) Active
Table 2.5 Control Configurations, Active Speed Control

1) Not available indicates that the specific mode is not available at all.
The following parameters are relevant for the speed control:
Parameter Description of function

Parameter 7-00 Speed PID Feedback Source Select from which input the speed PID gets its feedback.
Parameter 7-02 Speed PID Proportional Gain The higher the value, the quicker the control. However, too high a value may lead to
oscillations.
Parameter 7-03 Speed PID Integral Time Eliminates steady state speed error. Lower values mean quicker reaction. However, too low
a value may lead to oscillations.
Parameter 7-04 Speed PID Differentiation Time Provides a gain proportional to the rate of change of the feedback. A setting of 0 disables
the differentiator.
Parameter 7-05 Speed PID Diff. Gain Limit If there are quick changes in reference or feedback in a given application, which means
that the error changes swiftly, the differentiator may soon become too dominant. This is
because it reacts to changes in the error. The quicker the error changes, the stronger the
differentiator gain is. The differentiator gain can thus be limited to allow setting of the
reasonable differentiation time for slow changes and a suitably quick gain for quick
changes.
Parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter Time A low-pass filter that dampens oscillations on the feedback signal and improves steady
state performance. However, too long a filter time deteriorates the dynamic performance of
the speed PID control.
Practical settings of parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter Time taken from the number of
pulses per revolution on from encoder (PPR):
Encoder PPR Parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter
Time
512 10 ms
1024 5 ms
2048 2 ms
4096 1 ms
Table 2.6 Speed Control Parameters

Example of programming the speed control

In this example, the speed PID control is used to maintain a constant motor speed regardless of the changing load on the
motor. The required motor speed is set via a potentiometer connected to terminal 53. The speed range is 0–1500 RPM
2 2 corresponding to 0–10 V over the potentiometer. A switch connected to terminal 18 controls starting and stopping. The
speed PID monitors the actual RPM of the motor by using a 24 V (HTL) incremental encoder as feedback. The feedback
sensor is an encoder (1024 pulses per revolution) connected to terminals 32 and 33. The pulse frequency range to terminals
32 and 33 is 4 Hz–32 kHz.
130BD372.11
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
F1
12
91 92 93 95
27
L1 L2 L3 PE
18
50
53
55
U V W PE
32
33
96 97 98 99
M 24 Vdc
Illustration 2.21 Speed Control Programming
Follow the steps in Table 2.7 to program the speed control (see explanation of settings in the programming guide)
In Table 2.7, it is assumed that all other parameters and switches remain at their default setting.
Function Parameter number Setting

1) Make sure that the motor runs properly. Do the following:
Set the motor parameters using the data on the 1-2* Motor Data As specified by motor nameplate.
nameplate.
Perform an AMA. Parameter 1-29 Automatic [1] Enable complete AMA
Motor Adaption (AMA)
2) Check that the motor is running and that the encoder is attached properly. Do the following:
Press [Hand On]. Check that the motor is running and note Set a positive reference.
the rotation direction (referred to as the positive direction).
3) Make sure that the frequency converter limits are set to safe values:
Set acceptable limits for the references. Parameter 3-02 Minimum 0
Reference
Parameter 3-03 Maximum 50
Reference
Check that the ramp settings are within frequency Parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Default setting
converter capabilities and allowed application operating Ramp Up Time
specifications. Parameter 3-42 Ramp 1 Default setting
Ramp Down Time

Set acceptable limits for the motor speed and frequency. Parameter 4-12 Motor 0 Hz
Speed Low Limit [Hz]
Parameter 4-14 Motor 50 Hz
Speed High Limit [Hz] 2 2
Parameter 4-19 Max 60 Hz
Output Frequency
4) Configure the speed control and select the motor control principle:
Activation of speed control Parameter 1-00 Configu- [1] Speed closed loop
ration Mode
Selection of motor control principle Parameter 1-01 Motor [1] VVC+
Control Principle
5) Configure and scale the reference to the speed control:
Set up analog input 53 as a reference source. Parameter 3-15 Reference 1 Not necessary (default)
Source
Scale analog input 53 0 Hz (0 V) to 50 Hz (10 V) 6-1* Analog Input 1 Not necessary (default)
6) Configure the 24 V HTL encoder signal as feedback for the motor control and the speed control:
Set up digital input 32 and 33 as encoder inputs. Parameter 5-14 Terminal [82] Encoder input B
32 Digital Input
Parameter 5-15 Terminal [83] Encoder input A
33 Digital Input
Select terminal 32/33 as speed PID feedback. Parameter 7-00 Speed PID [1] 24 V Encoder
Feedback Source
7) Tune the speed control PID parameters:
Use the tuning guidelines when relevant or tune manually. 7-0* Speed PID Ctrl.
8) Finish:
Save the parameter setting to the LCP for safe keeping. Parameter 0-50 LCP Copy [1] All to LCP
Table 2.7 Programming Order for Speed PID Control

2.5.2 Process PID Control
The process PID control can be used to control application parameters that can be measured by a sensor (for example
2 2 pressure, temperature, flow) and affected by the connected motor through a pump, fan, or other connected devices.
Table 2.8 shows the control configurations in which the process control is possible. Refer to chapter 2.3 Control Structures to
see where the speed control is active.
Parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode Parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle

U/f VVC+
[3] Process Process Process
Table 2.8 Control Configuration
NOTICE
The process control PID works under the default parameter setting, but tuning the parameters is recommended to
optimize the application control performance.
Process PID
130BA178.10
P 7-38
Feed forward 100%
Ref. + 0%
Handling % [unit] % % 0%
_ [unit] [speed] To motor
PID Scale to
speed control
-100%
Feedback *(-1)
Handling 100%
% [unit]
-100%
P 7-30 P 4-10
normal/inverse Motor speed
direction
Illustration 2.22 Process PID Control Diagram

2.5.3 Process Control Relevant Parameters
Parameter Description of function

Parameter 7-20 Process CL Feedback 1 Resource Select from which source (analog or pulse input) the process PID gets its feedback. 2 2
Parameter 7-22 Process CL Feedback 2 Resource Optional: Determine if (and from where) the process PID gets an additional feedback
signal. If an additional feedback source is selected, the 2 feedback signals are added
before being used in the process PID control.
Parameter 7-30 Process PID Normal/ Inverse Under [0] Normal operation, the process control responds with an increase of the motor
Control speed if the feedback is lower than the reference. Under [1] Inverse operation, the process
control responds with a decreasing motor speed instead.
Parameter 7-31 Process PID Anti Windup The anti-windup function ensures that when either a frequency limit or a torque limit is
reached, the integrator is set to a gain that corresponds to the actual frequency. This
avoids integrating on an error that cannot be compensated for by a speed change. Press
[0] Off to disable this function.
Parameter 7-32 Process PID Start Speed In some applications, reaching the required speed/setpoint can take a long time. In such
applications, it may be an advantage to set a fixed motor speed from the frequency
converter before the process control is activated. Set a fixed motor speed by setting a
process PID start value (speed) in parameter 7-32 Process PID Start Speed.
Parameter 7-33 Process PID Proportional Gain The higher the value, the quicker the control. However, too large a value may lead to
oscillations.
Parameter 7-34 Process PID Integral Time Eliminates steady state speed error. A lower value means a quicker reaction. However, too
small a value may lead to oscillations.
Parameter 7-35 Process PID Differentiation Time Provides a gain proportional to the rate of feedback change. A setting of 0 disables the
differentiator.
Parameter 7-36 Process PID Diff. Gain Limit If there are quick changes in reference or feedback in a given application (which means
that the error changes swiftly), the differentiator may soon become too dominant. This is
because it reacts to changes in the error. The quicker the error changes, the stronger the
differentiator gain is. The differentiator gain can thus be limited to allow setting of the
reasonable differentiation time for slow changes.
Parameter 7-38 Process PID Feed Forward In applications where there is a good (and approximately linear) correlation between the
Factor process reference and the motor speed necessary for obtaining that reference, use the
feed forward factor to achieve better dynamic performance of the process PID control.
• Parameter 5-54 Pulse Filter Time Constant If there are oscillations of the current/voltage feedback signal, use a low-pass filter to
#29 (Pulse term. 29) dampen these oscillations. The pulse filter time constant represents the speed limit of the
ripples occurring on the feedback signal.
• Parameter 5-59 Pulse Filter Time Constant
Example: If the low-pass filter has been set to 0.1 s, the limit speed is 10 RAD/s (the
#33 (Pulse term. 33)
reciprocal of 0.1 s), corresponding to (10/(2 x π))=1.6 Hz. This means that the filter
• Parameter 6-16 Terminal 53 Filter Time dampens all currents/voltages that vary by more than 1.6 oscillations per second. The
Constant (Analog term 53) control is only carried out on a feedback signal that varies by a frequency (speed) of less
• Parameter 6-26 Terminal 54 Filter Time than 1.6 Hz.
Constant (Analog term. 54) The low-pass filter improves steady state performance, but selecting a too long filter time
deteriorates the dynamic performance of the process PID control.
Table 2.9 Process Control Parameters

2.5.4 Example of Process PID Control
130BD373.10
L1
L2
L3
Illustration 2.23 is an example of a process PID control used
2 2 in a ventilation system:
N
PE
F1
130BA218.10
Cold air
100kW
Heat 12
91 92 93 95
generating
process 27
L1 L2 L3 PE
18
50
Temperature 53
W n °C
transmitter 55
Temperature
U V W PE
54
Fan speed
96 97 98 99 Transmitter
Heat
Illustration 2.23 Process PID Control in a Ventilation System
In a ventilation system, the temperature can be set from -5 M

to +35 °C (23–95 °F) with a potentiometer of 0–10 V. To 3
keep the set temperature constant, use the process control. Illustration 2.24 2-wire Transmitter
The control is inverse, which means that when the

temperature increases, the ventilation speed is increased as 1. Start/stop via the switch connected to terminal
well to generate more air. When the temperature drops, 18.
the speed is reduced. The transmitter used is a
2. Temperature reference via potentiometer (-5 to
temperature sensor with a working range of -10 to +40 °C
+35 °C (23–95 °F), 0–10 V DC) connected to
(14–104 °F), 4–20 mA.
terminal 53.
3. Temperature feedback via transmitter (-10 to
+40 °C (14–104 °F), 4–20 mA) connected to
terminal 54.
Function Parameter Setting
number
Initialize the frequency converter. Parameter 14-2 [2] Initialisation - make a power cycling - press reset.
2 Operation
Mode
1) Set motor parameters:
Set the motor parameters according to nameplate 1-2* As stated on motor nameplate.
data.
Perform a full AMA. Parameter 1-29 [1] Enable complete AMA.
Automatic
Motor
Adaption
(AMA)
2) Check that motor is running in the correct direction.
When the motor is connected to the frequency converter with straight forward phase order as U-U; V-V; W-W, the motor shaft usually
turns clockwise seen into shaft end.
Press [Hand On]. Check the shaft direction by
applying a manual reference.


number
If the motor turns opposite of required direction: Parameter 4-10 Select correct motor shaft direction.
1. Change motor direction in Motor Speed 2 2
parameter 4-10 Motor Speed Direction. Direction
2. Turn off mains, and wait for DC link to

discharge.
3. Switch 2 of the motor phases.
Set configuration mode. Parameter 1-00 [3] Process.

Configuration
Mode
3) Set reference configuration, that is the range for reference handling. Set scaling of analog input in parameter group 6-** Analog In/Out.
Set reference/feedback units. Parameter 3-01 [60] °C Unit shown on display.
Set minimum reference (10 °C (50 °F)). Reference/ -5 °C (23 °F).
Set maximum reference (80 °C (176 °F)). Feedback Unit 35 °C (95 °F).
If the set value is determined from a preset value Parameter 3-02 [0] 35%.
(array parameter), set other reference sources to [0] Minimum Par . 3 ′ 10 0
Ref = × Par . 3 ′ 03 ′ par . 3 ′ 02 = 24, 5° C
100
No Function. Reference
Parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference to parameter 3-18 Relative
Parameter 3-03
Scaling Reference Resource [0] = No Function.
Maximum
Reference
Parameter 3-10
Preset
Reference
4) Adjust limits for the frequency converter:
Set ramp times to an appropriate value as 20 s. Parameter 3-41 20 s
Ramp 1 Ramp 20 s
Up Time
Parameter 3-42
Ramp 1 Ramp
Down Time
Set minimum speed limits. Parameter 4-12 10 Hz
Set motor speed maximum limit. Motor Speed 50 Hz
Set maximum output frequency. Low Limit [Hz] 60 Hz
Parameter 4-14
Motor Speed
High Limit [Hz]
Parameter 4-19
Max Output
Frequency
Set parameter 6-19 Terminal 53 mode and parameter 6-29 Terminal 54 mode to voltage or current mode.
5) Scale analog inputs used for reference and feedback:


number
Set terminal 53 low voltage. Parameter 6-10 0V
2 2 Set terminal 53 high voltage. Terminal 53 10 V
Set terminal 54 low feedback value. Low Voltage -5 °C (23 °F)
Set terminal 54 high feedback value. Parameter 6-11 35 °C (95 °F)
Set feedback source. Terminal 53 [2] Analog input 54
High Voltage
Parameter 6-24
Terminal 54
Low Ref./Feedb.
Value
Parameter 6-25
Terminal 54
High Ref./
Feedb. Value
Parameter 7-20
Process CL
Feedback 1
Resource
6) Basic PID settings:
Process PID normal/inverse. Parameter 7-30 [0] Normal
Process PID
Normal/
Inverse Control
Process PID anti wind-up. Parameter 7-31 [1] On
Process PID
Anti Windup
Process PID start speed. Parameter 7-32 300 RPM
Process PID
Start Speed
Save parameters to LCP. Parameter 0-50 [1] All to LCP
LCP Copy
Table 2.10 Example of Process PID Control Set-up
2.5.5 Process Controller Optimization integration time until the feedback signal
stabilizes, followed by an increase of 15–50%.
After configuring the basic settings as described in 4. Only use parameter 7-35 Process PID Differentiation
chapter 2.5.5 Programming Order, optimize the proportional Time for fast-acting systems (differentiation time).
gain, the integration time, and the differentiation time The typical value is 4 times the set integration
(parameter 7-33 Process PID Proportional Gain, time. Use the differentiator when the setting of
parameter 7-34 Process PID Integral Time, and the proportional gain and the integration time
parameter 7-35 Process PID Differentiation Time). In most has been fully optimized. Make sure that the
processes, complete the following procedure: lowpass filter dampens the oscillations on the
feedback signal sufficiently.
1. Start the motor.
NOTICE
2. Set parameter 7-33 Process PID Proportional Gain If necessary, start/stop can be activated several times to
to 0.3 and increase it until the feedback signal provoke a variation of the feedback signal.
again begins to vary continuously. Reduce the
value until the feedback signal has stabilized.
Lower the proportional gain by 40–60%.
3. Set parameter 7-34 Process PID Integral Time to 20
s and reduce the value until the feedback signal
again begins to vary continuously. Increase the

2.5.6 Ziegler Nichols Tuning Method Type of Proportional Integral time Differentiation
control gain time
To tune the PID controls of the frequency converter, PI-control 0.45 x Ku 0.833 x Pu –
Danfoss recommends the Ziegler Nichols tuning method. PID tight 0.6 x Ku 0.5 x Pu 0.125 x Pu 2 2
control
PID some 0.33 x Ku 0.5 x Pu 0.33 x Pu
NOTICE
overshoot
Do not use the Ziegler Nichols Tuning method in
applications that could be damaged by the oscillations Table 2.11 Ziegler Nichols Tuning for Regulator
created by marginally stable control settings.
The criteria for adjusting the parameters are based on

evaluating the system at the limit of stability rather than
on taking a step response. Increase the proportional gain
until observing continuous oscillations (as measured on
the feedback), that is, until the system becomes marginally
stable. The corresponding gain (Ku) is called the ultimate
gain and is the gain, at which the oscillation is obtained.
The period of the oscillation (Pu) (called the ultimate
period) is determined as shown in Illustration 2.25 and
should be measured when the amplitude of oscillation is
small.
1. Select only proportional control, meaning that

the integral time is set to the maximum value,
while the differentiation time is set to 0.
2. Increase the value of the proportional gain until
the point of instability is reached (sustained
oscillations) and the critical value of gain, Ku, is
reached.
3. Measure the period of oscillation to obtain the
critical time constant, Pu.
4. Use Table 2.11 to calculate the necessary PID
control parameters.
The process operator can do the final tuning of the control
iteratively to yield satisfactory control.
130BA183.10
y(t)
Pu
Illustration 2.25 Marginally Stable System

2.6 EMC Emission and Immunity

2.6.1 General Aspects of EMC Emission
2 2
Burst transient is conducted at frequencies in the range 150 kHz to 30 MHz. Airborne interference from the frequency
converter system in the range 30 MHz to 1 GHz is generated from the frequency converter, motor cable, and motor.
Capacitive currents in the motor cable coupled with a high dU/dt from the motor voltage generate leakage currents.
Using a shielded motor cable increases the leakage current (see Illustration 2.26) because shielded cables have higher
capacitance to ground than unshielded cables. If the leakage current is not filtered, it causes greater interference on the
mains in the radio frequency range below approximately 5 MHz. Since the leakage current (I1) is carried back to the unit
through the shield (I3), there is only a small electro-magnetic field (I4) from the shielded motor cable.
The shield reduces the radiated interference but increases the low-frequency interference on the mains. Connect the motor
cable shield to the frequency converter enclosure and the motor enclosure. This is best done by using integrated shield
clamps to avoid twisted shield ends (pigtails). The shield clamps increase the shield impedance at higher frequencies, which
reduces the shield effect and increases the leakage current (I4).
Mount the shield on the enclosure at both ends if a shielded cable is used for the following purposes:
• Fieldbus.
• Network.
• Relay.
• Control cable.
• Signal interface.
• Brake.
In some situations, however, it is necessary to break the shield to avoid current loops.
175ZA062.12
z L1 CS CS
U
I1
z L2 V
z L3 W
z PE PE I2 CS
1
I3
2
CS CS CS
I4 I4
3 4 5 6
1 Ground cable
2 Shield
3 AC mains supply
4 Frequency converter
5 Shielded motor cable
6 Motor
Illustration 2.26 EMC Emission
If placing the shield on a mounting plate for the frequency converter, use a metal mounting plate to convey the shield
currents back to the unit. Ensure good electrical contact from the mounting plate through the mounting screws to the
frequency converter chassis.

When using unshielded cables, some emission requirements are not complied with, although the immunity requirements are
observed.
To reduce the interference level from the entire system (unit and installation), make motor and brake cables as short as 2 2
possible. Avoid placing cables with a sensitive signal level alongside mains, motor, and brake cables. Radio interference
higher than 50 MHz (airborne) is especially generated by the control electronics.
2.6.2 EMC Emission Requirements
The test results in Table 2.12 have been obtained using a system with a frequency converter (with the mounting plate), a
motor, and shielded motor cables.
Filter
type
Supply voltage/Rated power Class A2/EN 55011 Class A1/EN 55011 Class B/EN 55011
(internal
)
3x380–480 V 3x200–240 V 1x200–240 V Conducted Radiated Conducted Radiated Conducted Radiated
0.37–22 kW Minimum 25 m
– – Yes1) – – – –
(0.5–30 hp) (82 ft)
0.37–4 kW Minimum 25 m
A2 filter – – Yes1) – – – –
(0.5–5.4 hp) (82 ft)
0.37–2.2 kW
– – – – – – – –
(0.5–3 hp)
0.37–7.5 kW Minimum 25 m 25 m
– – Yes1) Yes – –
(0.5–10 hp) (82 ft) (82 ft)
11–22 kW Minimum 50 m 50 m
A1 filter – – Yes1) Yes – –
(15–30 hp) (164 ft) (164 ft)
0.37–2.2 kW Minimum 40 m 40 m 15 m
– – Yes1) Yes –
(0.5–3 hp) (131 ft) (131 ft) (49.2 ft)
0.37–22 kW
A2 filter – – – – – – – –
(0.5–30 hp)
EMC
0.37–4 kW
screw – – – – – – – –
(0.5–5.4 hp)
removed
2)
0.37–2.2 kW
– – – – – – – –
(0.5–3 hp)
0.37–7.5 kW Minimum 5 m
A1 filter – – Yes1) – – – –
(0.5–10 hp) (16.4 ft)
EMC
11–22 kW Minimum 5 m
screw – – Yes1) – – – –
(15–30 hp) (16.4 ft)
removed
2)
0.37–2.2 kW Minimum 5 m
– – Yes1) – – – –
(0.5–3 hp) (16.4 ft)
Table 2.12 EMC Emission Requirements

1) Frequency range from 150 kHz to 30 MHz is not harmonized between IEC/EN 61800-3 and EN 55011 and not mandatorily included.
2) Low earth leakage current. Compatible to run on ELCB/IT mains.

2.6.3 EMC Immunity Requirements
The immunity requirements for frequency converters depend on the environment in which they are installed. The
2 2 requirements for the industrial environment are higher than the requirements for the home and office environment. All
Danfoss frequency converters comply with the requirements for the industrial environment. Therefore, they also comply with
the lower requirements for home and office environment with a large safety margin.
To document immunity against burst transient from electrical phenomena, the following immunity tests have been made on
a system consisting of:
• A frequency converter (with options if relevant)
• A shielded control cable
• A control box with potentiometer, motor cable, and motor.
The tests were performed in accordance with the following basic standards:
• EN 61000-4-2 (IEC 61000-4-2) Electrostatic discharges (ESD): Simulation of electrostatic discharges from human
beings.
• EN 61000-4-3 (IEC 61000-4-3) Radiated immunity: Amplitude modulated simulation of the effects of radar and
radio communication equipment and mobile communications equipment.
• EN 61000-4-4 (IEC 61000-4-4) Burst transients: Simulation of interference caused by switching a contactor, relay,
or similar devices.
• EN 61000-4-5 (IEC 61000-4-5) Surge transients: Simulation of transients caused by, for example, lightning that
strikes near installations.
• EN 61000-4-6 (IEC 61000-4-6) Conducted immunity: Simulation of the effect from radio-transmission equipment
joined by connection cables.
The immunity requirements should follow product standard IEC 61800-3 and Danfoss internal standards. See Table 2.13 for
details.
Voltage range: 380–480 V

Product standard 61800-3
ESD Radiated Burst Surge Conducted
Test
immunity immunity
Acceptance criterion B B B A A
2 kV/2 Ω DM
Mains cable – – 2 kV CN 10 VRMS
2 kV/12 Ω CM
Motor cable – – 4 kV CCC – 10 VRMS
Brake cable – – 4 kV CCC – 10 VRMS
Load sharing cable – – 4 kV CCC – 10 VRMS
Relay cable – – 4 kV CCC – 10 VRMS
Length >2 m (6.6 ft) Unshielded:
Control cable – – 10 VRMS
1 kV CCC 1 kV/42 Ω CM
Length >2 m (6.6 ft) Unshielded:
Standard/fieldbus cable – – 10 VRMS
1 kV CCC 1 kV/42 Ω CM
Length >2 m (6.6 ft)
LCP cable – – – 10 VRMS
1 kV CCC
4 kV CD
Enclosure 10 V/m – – –
8 kV AD
Definitions
CD: Contact discharge DM: Differential mode CN: Direct injection through coupling network
AD: Air discharge CM: Common mode CCC: Injection through capacitive coupling clamp
Table 2.13 EMC Immunity Requirements

2.7 Galvanic Isolation WARNING

PELV offers protection through extra low voltage. Before touching any electrical parts, ensure that other
Protection against electric shock is ensured when the voltage inputs have been disconnected, such as load
sharing (linkage of DC intermediate circuit) and the
2 2
electrical supply is of the PELV type and the installation is
made as described in local/national regulations on PELV motor connection for kinetic back-up. Observe the
supplies. discharge time stated in chapter Safety in the VLT® Midi
Drive FC 280 Operating Guide. Failure to follow
All control terminals and relay terminals 01–03 comply recommendations could result in death or serious injury.
with PELV (protective extra low voltage). This does not
apply to grounded Delta leg above 400 V. 2.8 Ground Leakage Current
Galvanic (ensured) isolation is obtained by fulfilling Follow national and local codes regarding protective
requirements for higher isolation and by providing the grounding of equipment with a leakage current >3.5 mA.
relevant creapage/clearance distances. These requirements Frequency converter technology implies high frequency
are described in the EN 61800-5-1 standard. switching at high power. This switching generates a
leakage current in the ground connection. A fault current
in the frequency converter at the output power terminals
The components that make up the electrical isolation, as
might contain a DC component, which can charge the
shown in Illustration 2.27, also comply with the
filter capacitors and cause a transient ground current.
requirements for higher isolation and the relevant test as
The ground leakage current is made up of several contri-
described in EN 61800-5-1.
butions and depends on various system configurations
The PELV galvanic isolation can be shown in 3 locations
including RFI filtering, shielded motor cables, and
(see Illustration 2.27):
frequency converter power.
To maintain PELV, all connections made to the control
130BB955.12
Leakage current
terminals must be PELV, for example, the thermistor must
be reinforced/double insulated. a
130BD447.11
4 3 2 1
b
b a Motor cable length
Illustration 2.28 Influence the Cable Length and Power Size on

1 Power supply (SMPS) for control cassette Leakage Current, Pa>Pb
2 Communication between power card and control cassette
3 Isolation between STO inputs and IGBT circuit
4 Customer relay
Illustration 2.27 Galvanic Isolation
The functional galvanic isolation (a and b on

Illustration 2.27) is for the 24 V back-up option and the
RS485 standard bus interface.

The leakage current also depends on the line distortion. RCD with low f cut-
130BB958.12
Leakage current
RCD with high f cut-
130BB956.12
Leakage current
2 2
THDv=0%
THDv=5% 50 Hz 150 Hz f sw Frequency

Mains 3rd harmonics Cable
Illustration 2.30 Mains Contributions to Leakage Current
130BB957.11
Leakage current [mA]
100 Hz
Illustration 2.29 Influence of Line Distortion on Leakage 2 kHz

Current
100 kHz
NOTICE
High leakage current may cause the RCDs to switch off.
To avoid this problem, remove the RFI screw when a
filter is being charged.
EN/IEC61800-5-1 (Power Drive System Product Standard)

requires special care if the leakage current exceeds 3.5 mA.
Grounding must be reinforced in 1 of the following ways:
• Ground wire (terminal 95) of at least 10 mm2
(8 AWG). Illustration 2.31 Influence of Cut-off Frequency of the RCD on
• 2 separate ground wires that comply with the what is Responded to/Measured
dimensioning rules.
See EN/IEC61800-5-1 for further information.
For more details, refer to the RCD Application Note.
Using RCDs 2.9 Brake Functions

Where residual current devices (RCDs), also known as earth
leakage circuit breakers (ELCBs), are used, comply with the 2.9.1 Mechanical Holding Brake
following:
A mechanical holding brake mounted directly on the
• Use RCDs of type B only, which are capable of
motor shaft normally performs static braking.
detecting AC and DC currents.
• Use RCDs with an inrush delay to prevent faults
NOTICE
caused by transient ground currents.
When the holding brake is included in a safety chain, a
• Dimension RCDs according to the system configu- frequency converter cannot provide a safe control of a
ration and environmental considerations. mechanical brake. Include a redundancy circuitry for the
brake control in the total installation.

2.9.2 Dynamic Braking
130BA167.10
Load
Dynamic braking is established by:

• Resistor brake: A brake IGBT keeps the 2 2
overvoltage under a certain threshold by
Speed
directing the brake energy from the motor to the
connected brake resistor (parameter 2-10 Brake
Function = [1] Resistor brake).
Adjust the threshold in parameter 2-14 Brake ta tc tb to ta tc tb to ta
voltage reduce, with 70 V range for 3x380–480 V. T
• AC brake: The brake energy is distributed in the Time

motor by changing the loss conditions in the Illustration 2.32 Typical Braking Cycle
motor. The AC brake function cannot be used in
applications with high cycling frequency as this
overheats the motor (parameter 2-10 Brake Power range:
Function = [2] AC brake). 0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp) 3x380–480 V
• DC brake: An overmodulated DC current added to 0.37–3.7 kW (0.5–5 hp) 3x200–240 V
the AC current works as an eddy current brake Cycle time (s) 120
(parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time≠0 s). Braking duty cycle at 100% torque Continuous
Braking duty cycle at overtorque
40%
2.9.3 Brake Resistor Selection (150/160%)
Table 2.14 Braking at High Overload Torque Level

To handle higher demands by generatoric braking, a brake
resistor is necessary. Using a brake resistor ensures that the Danfoss offers brake resistors with duty cycles of 10% and
heat is absorbed in the brake resistor and not in the 40%. If a 10% duty cycle is applied, the brake resistors are
frequency converter. For more information, see the VLT® able to absorb brake power for 10% of the cycle time. The
Brake Resistor MCE 101 Design Guide. remaining 90% of the cycle time is used for dissipating
excess heat.
If the amount of kinetic energy transferred to the resistor
in each braking period is not known, calculate the average
power based on the cycle time and braking time. The
NOTICE
Make sure that the resistor is designed to handle the
resistor intermittent duty cycle is an indication of the duty
required braking time.
cycle at which the resistor is active. Illustration 2.32 shows a
typical braking cycle.
The maximum allowed load on the brake resistor is stated
as a peak power at a given intermittent duty cycle and can
The intermittent duty cycle for the resistor is calculated as
be calculated as:
follows:
Brake resistance calculation

Duty cycle = tb/T
U 2dc,br x 0 . 83
Rbr Ω =
Ppeak
tb is the braking time in seconds. where
T = cycle time in seconds.
Ppeak = Pmotor x Mbr [%] x ηmotor x ηVLT[W]
As shown, the brake resistance depends on the DC-link
voltage (Udc).
Size Brake active Warning Cutout (trip)

Udc,br before cutout
FC 280
770 V 800 V 800 V
3x380–480 V
FC 280
390 V 410 V 410 V
3x200–240 V
Table 2.15 Threshold of the Brake Resistance

The threshold can be adjusted in parameter 2-14 Brake 2.9.4 Control with Brake Function
voltage reduce, with 70-V range.
The brake is protected against short-circuiting of the brake
2 2 NOTICE resistor, and the brake transistor is monitored to ensure
Make sure that the brake resistor can cope with a that short-circuiting of the transistor is detected. A relay/
voltage of 410 V or 800 V. digital output can be used for protecting the brake resistor
from overloading caused by a fault in the frequency
converter.
Danfoss recommends calculating the brake resistance Rrec
In addition, the brake enables readout of the momentary
according to the following formula. The recommended
power and the mean power for the latest 120 s. The brake
brake resistance guarantees that the frequency converter is
can also monitor the power energizing and make sure that
able to brake at the highest braking torque (Mbr(%)) of
it does not exceed a limit selected in parameter 2-12 Brake
160%.
Power Limit (kW).
U 2dc x 100x 0.83

Rrec Ω =
Pmotor x Mbr ( % ) xηVLT x ηmotor NOTICE
ηmotor is typically at 0.80 (≤7.5 kW (10 hp)); 0.85 (11–22 kW Monitoring the brake power is not a safety function. A
(15–30 hp)) thermal switch is required to prevent the brake power
ηVLT is typically at 0.97 from exceeding the limit. The brake resistor circuit is not
ground leakage protected.
For FC 280, Rrec at 160% braking torque is written as:
Overvoltage control (OVC) (exclusive brake resistor) can be
396349 1) selected as an alternative brake function in
480V : Rrec = Ω
Pmotor
397903
parameter 2-17 Over-voltage Control. This function is active
2)
480V : Rrec = Ω
Pmotor for all units. The function ensures that a trip can be
1) For frequency converters ≤7.5 kW (10 hp) shaft output. avoided if the DC-link voltage increases. This is done by
2) For frequency converters 11–22 kW (15–30 hp) shaft increasing the output frequency to limit the voltage from
output. the DC link. It is a useful function, for example if the ramp-
down time is too short to avoid tripping of the frequency
NOTICE converter. In this situation, the ramp-down time is
extended.
The resistance of the brake resistor should not be higher
than the value recommended by Danfoss. For brake
resistors with a higher ohmic value, the 160% braking NOTICE
torque may not be achieved because the frequency OVC can be activated when running a PM motor (when
converter might cut out for safety reasons. parameter 1-10 Motor Construction is set to [1] PM non-
The resistance should be bigger than Rmin. salient SPM).
NOTICE 2.10 Smart Logic Controller

If a short circuit in the brake transistor occurs, prevent
power dissipation in the brake resistor by using a mains Smart logic control (SLC) is a sequence of user-defined
switch or contactor to disconnect the mains for the actions (see parameter 13-52 SL Controller Action [x])
frequency converter. The frequency converter can control executed by the SLC when the associated user-defined
the contactor. event (see parameter 13-51 SL Controller Event [x]) is
evaluated as true by the SLC.
The condition for an event can be a particular status or
NOTICE that the output from a logic rule or a comparator operand
Do not touch the brake resistor because it can get hot becomes TRUE. That leads to an associated action as
during braking. To avoid fire risk, place the brake resistor shown in Illustration 2.33.
in a secure environment.

Par. 13-51 Comparators
130BB671.13
Par. 13-52
SL Controller Event SL Controller Action Comparators are used for comparing continuous variables
(for example output frequency, output current, and analog
Running
Warning
Coast input) to fixed preset values. 2 2
Start timer
130BB672.10
Torque limit Set Do X low Par. 13-11
Digital input X 30/2 Select set-up 2 Comparator Operator
... ... Par. 13-10
Comparator Operand
Par. 13-43 =
Logic Rule Operator 2 TRUE longer than.
Par. 13-12
Comparator Value ...
...
... Illustration 2.35 Comparators

...
Par. 13-11
Comparator Operator Logic rules
Combine up to 3 boolean inputs (true/false inputs) from
= timers, comparators, digital inputs, status bits, and events
TRUE longer than..
using the logical operators and, or, and not.
...
...
130BB673.10
Par. 13-41 Par. 13-43
Logic Rule Operator 1 Logic Rule Operator 2
Par. 13-40
Logic Rule Boolean 1
Illustration 2.33 Associated Action
Par. 13-42
Logic Rule Boolean 2 ...
... ...
...
Events and actions are each numbered and linked in pairs
(states). This means that when event [0] is fulfilled (attains Par. 13-44
Logic Rule Boolean 3
the value TRUE), action [0] is executed. After this, the
Illustration 2.36 Logic Rules
conditions of event [1] are evaluated and if evaluated true,
action [1] is executed, and so on. Only 1 event is evaluated
at any time. If an event is evaluated as false, nothing
happens (in the SLC) during the current scan interval, and 2.11 Extreme Running Conditions
no other events are evaluated. When the SLC starts, it
evaluates event [0] (and only event [0]) each scan interval. Short circuit (motor phase-to-phase)
Only when event [0] is evaluated true, the SLC executes The frequency converter is protected against short circuits
action [0] and starts evaluating event [1]. It is possible to by current measurement in each of the 3 motor phases or
program 1–20 events and actions. in the DC link. A short circuit between 2 output phases
When the last event/action has been executed, the causes an overcurrent in the frequency converter. The
sequence starts over again from event [0]/action [0]. frequency converter is turned off individually when the
Illustration 2.34 shows an example with 3 event/actions: short circuit current exceeds the permitted value (alarm 16,
Trip lock).
Switching on the output
130BA062.14
Start
event P13-01
Switching on the output between the motor and the
State 1 frequency converter is fully allowed, and does not damage
13-51.0
13-52.0 State 2 the frequency converter. However, fault messages may
Stop 13-51.1
event P13-02 13-52.1 appear.
Stop
event P13-02
State 4
13-51.3
13-52.3
State 3
13-51.2
13-52.2
Stop
event P13-02
Illustration 2.34 Sequence with 3 Events/Actions

Motor-generated overvoltage Current limit

The voltage in the DC link is increased when the motor Parameter 4-18 Current Limit controls the current limit, and
acts as a generator. This occurs in following cases: parameter 14-24 Trip Delay at Current Limit controls the
2 2 • The load drives the motor (at constant output
time before the current limit warning trips.
frequency from the frequency converter). Minimum speed limit
Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] sets the
• If the inertia moment is high during deceleration
minimum output speed that the frequency converter can
(ramp-down), the friction is low and the ramp-
provide.
down time is too short for the energy to be
dissipated as a loss in the frequency converter, Maximum speed limit
the motor, and the installation. Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] or
parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency sets the maximum
• Incorrect slip compensation setting may cause
output speed that the frequency converter can provide.
higher DC-link voltage.
ETR (electronic thermal relay)
The control unit may attempt to correct the ramp if
The frequency converter ETR function measures the actual
possible (parameter 2-17 Over-voltage Control).
current, speed, and time to calculate motor temperature.
The frequency converter turns off to protect the transistors
The function also protects the motor from being
and the DC link capacitors when a certain voltage level is
overheated (warning or trip). An external thermistor input
reached.
is also available. ETR is an electronic feature that simulates
To select the method used for controlling the DC-link
a bimetal relay based on internal measurements. The
voltage level, see parameter 2-10 Brake Function and
characteristic is shown in Illustration 2.37.
parameter 2-17 Over-voltage Control.
175ZA052.12
Mains drop-out t [s]
During a mains drop-out, the frequency converter keeps
2000
running until the DC-link voltage drops below the
minimum stop level, which is: 1000
600
• 314 V for 3x380–480 V. 500
400
• 202 V for 3x200–240 V. 300
200
• 225 V for 1x200–240 V.
100 fOUT = 1 x f M,N(par. 1-23)
fOUT = 2 x f M,N
The mains voltage before the drop-out and the motor load 60
determines how long it takes for the inverter to coast. 50 fOUT = 0.2 x f M,N
40
Static overload in VVC+ mode 30
When the frequency converter is overloaded, the torque 20 IM
10
limit in parameter 4-16 Torque Limit Motor Mode/ 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 IMN(par. 1-24)
parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode is reached, the
Illustration 2.37 ETR
control unit reduces the output frequency to reduce the
load.
If the overload is excessive, a overcurrent which makes the
frequency converter cut out after approximately 5–10 s The X-axis shows the ratio between Imotor and Imotor
may occur. nominal. The Y-axis shows the time in seconds before the
ETR cuts off and trips the frequency converter. The curves
Operation within the torque limit is limited in time (0–60 s) show the characteristic nominal speed at twice the
in parameter 14-25 Trip Delay at Torque Limit. nominal speed and at 0.2 x the nominal speed.
At lower speed, the ETR cuts off at lower heat due to less
2.11.1 Motor Thermal Protection cooling of the motor. In that way, the motor is protected
from being overheated even at low speed. The ETR feature
To protect the application from serious damage, VLT® Midi calculates the motor temperature based on actual current
Drive FC 280 offers several dedicated features. and speed. The calculated temperature is visible as a
readout parameter in parameter 16-18 Motor Thermal.
Torque limit
The torque limit protects the motor from being overloaded
independent of the speed. Torque limit is controlled in
parameter 4-16 Torque Limit Motor Mode and
parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode.
Parameter 14-25 Trip Delay at Torque Limit controls the time
before the torque limit warning trips.

Application Examples Design Guide
3 Application Examples
3.1 Introduction
130BE806.10
CW
A
3.1.1 Encoder Connection B 3 3
The purpose of this guideline is to ease the set-up of
encoder connection to the frequency converter. Before Z
setting up the encoder, the basic settings for a closed-loop
speed control system are shown.
CCW
A
130BE805.10
+24 V DC
+24 V DC
GND
B
A
Z
12 13 18 19 27 29 32 33 55
Z
Illustration 3.2 24 V Incremental Encoder, Maximum Cable

Length 5 m (16.4 ft)
3.1.2 Encoder Direction
The order in which the pulses enter the frequency

converter determines the direction of the encoder.
Clockwise direction means that channel A is 90 electrical
degrees before channel B.
Counterclockwise direction means that channel B is 90
electrical degrees before A.
The direction is determined by looking into the shaft end.
3.1.3 Closed-loop Drive System
A drive system usually consists of more elements such as:

• Motor.
• Brake (gearbox, mechanical brake).
Illustration 3.1 24 V Encoder • Frequency converter.

• Encoder as feedback system.
• Brake resistor for dynamic brake.
• Transmission.
• Load.
Applications demanding mechanical brake control usually
need a brake resistor.

Application Examples VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
3.2.2 Speed
130BE728.10
Parameters
Function Setting
130BE204.11
FC
Parameter 6-10 T
+24 V 12
3 3 +24 V 13
erminal 53 Low
Voltage
0.07 V*
D IN 18
Parameter 6-11 T
D IN 19
erminal 53 High 10 V*
D IN 27
Voltage
D IN 29
Parameter 6-14 T
D IN 32
33
erminal 53 Low 0
D IN
Brake resistor Ref./Feedb. Value
Parameter 6-15 T
erminal 53 High 50
+10 V 50
+ Ref./Feedb. Value
Transmission A IN 53
A IN 54 Parameter 6-19 T
[1] Voltage
COM 55 erminal 53 mode
-
A OUT 42 *=Default value
0 ~10 V
Notes/comments:
Motor Gearbox
Encoder Mech. brake Load
Illustration 3.3 Basic Set-up for Closed-loop Speed Control Table 3.2 Analog Speed Reference (Voltage)
Parameters
3.2 Application Examples 130BE205.11 Function Setting
FC Parameter 6-22 T
3.2.1 AMA +24 V 12 erminal 54 Low 4 mA*
+24 V 13 Current
Parameters D IN 18
Parameter 6-23 T
D IN 19
Function Setting erminal 54 High 20 mA*
130BE203.11
FC D IN 27
Parameter 1-29 A Current
+24 V 12 [1] Enable D IN 29
utomatic Motor Parameter 6-24 T
+24 V 13 complete D IN 32
Adaptation erminal 54 Low 0*
D IN 18 AMA D IN 33
(AMA) Ref./Feedb. Value
D IN 19
D IN 27 Parameter 5-12 T Parameter 6-25 T
*[2] Coast
D IN 29 erminal 27 erminal 54 High 50
inverse +10 V 50
D IN 32 Digital Input + Ref./Feedb. Value
A IN 53
D IN 33 *=Default value Parameter 6-29 T
A IN 54 [0] current
Notes/comments: Set COM 55 erminal 54 mode
parameter group 1-2* Motor -
4 - 20mA
+10 V 50 Data according to motor Notes/comments:
A IN 53 specifications.
A IN 54 NOTICE
COM 55
If terminal 12 and 27 are
A OUT 42 Table 3.3 Analog Speed Reference (Current)
not connected, set
parameter 5-12 Terminal 27
Digital Input to [0] No
operation.
Table 3.1 AMA with T27 Connected

Application Examples Design Guide
Parameters
130BB840.11
Function Setting
130BE208.11
FC
Parameter 6-10 T
+24 V 12 Speed
erminal 53 Low 0.07 V*
+24 V 13
Voltage Reference
D IN 18
Parameter 6-11 T
D IN
D IN
19
27 erminal 53 High 10 V*
Start ( 18)
3 3
D IN 29 Voltage
D IN 32 Parameter 6-14 T Freeze ref ( 27)
D IN 33 erminal 53 Low 0 Speed up ( 29 )
Ref./Feedb. Value
Speed down ( 32 )
Parameter 6-15 T
+10 V 50 erminal 53 High 50
A IN 53 ≈ 5kΩ Ref./Feedb. Value
A IN 54 Parameter 6-19 T Illustration 3.4 Speed Up/Speed Down
[1] voltage
COM 55 erminal 53 mode
Notes/comments: 3.2.3 Start/Stop
Parameters
Function Setting
130BE206.11
FC
Table 3.4 Speed Reference (Using a Manual Potentiometer) Parameter 5-10 Ter
+24 V 12
+24 V 13 minal 18 Digital [8] Start
Parameters Input
D IN 18
Function Setting
130BE209.11
FC D IN 19 Parameter 5-11 Ter

Parameter 5-10 T D IN 27 *[10]
+24 V 12 minal 19 Digital
erminal 18 *[8] Start D IN 29 Reversing
+24 V 13 Input
Digital Input D IN 32
D IN 18
Parameter 5-12 T [19] Freeze D IN 33 Parameter 5-12 Ter [0] No
D IN 19
erminal 27 Reference minal 27 Digital operation
D IN 27
Digital Input Input
D IN 29
D IN 32 Parameter 5-13 T [21] Speed Up +10 V 50 Parameter 5-14 Ter [16] Preset
D IN 33 erminal 29 A IN 53 minal 32 Digital ref bit 0
Digital Input A IN 54 Input
Parameter 5-14 T [22] Speed COM 55 Parameter 5-15 Ter [17] Preset
erminal 32 Down A OUT 42 minal 33 Digital ref bit 1
+10 V 50
A IN Digital Input Input
53
A IN 54 *=Default value Parameter 3-10 Pre
COM 55 Notes/comments: set Reference
A OUT 42 Preset ref. 0 25%
Preset ref. 1 50%
Preset ref. 2 75%
Preset ref. 3 100%
* = Default value
Table 3.5 Speed Up/Speed Down Notes/comments:
Table 3.6 Start/Stop with Reversing and 4 Preset Speeds

Application Examples VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
3.2.4 External Alarm Reset 3.2.6 SLC
Parameters Parameters
Function Setting
130BE211.11
Function Setting
130BE207.11
FC FC Parameter 4-30
Parameter 5-11 T +24 V 12 Motor Feedback [1] Warning
+24 V 12
3 3 +24 V
D IN
13
18
erminal 19
Digital Input
[1] Reset +24 V
D IN
13
18
Loss Function
Parameter 4-31
*=Default value Motor Feedback 50
D IN 19 D IN 19
Speed Error
D IN 27 Notes/comments: D IN 27
Parameter 4-32
D IN 29 D IN 29 Motor Feedback 5 s
D IN 32 D IN 32 Loss Timeout
D IN 33 D IN 33 Parameter 7-00 S
[1] 24 V
peed PID
encoder
Feedback Source
Parameter 5-70 T
+10 V 50 erm 32/33 Pulses 1024*
+10 V 50
A IN
A IN 53 Per Revolution
53
A IN 54 Parameter 13-00
A IN 54
COM 55
SL Controller [1] On
COM 55 Mode
A OUT A OUT 42
42 Parameter 13-01
[19] Warning
Start Event
Parameter 13-02
[44] Reset key
01 Stop Event
Parameter 13-10
R1
02 [21] Warning
03 Comparator
Table 3.7 External Alarm Reset no.
Operand
Parameter 13-11
Comparator *[1] ≈
3.2.5 Motor Thermistor Operator
Parameter 13-12
NOTICE Comparator
Value
61
To meet PELV insulation requirements, use reinforced or Parameter 13-51

[22]
double insulation on the thermistors. SL Controller
Comparator 0
Event
Parameter 13-52 [32] Set
Parameters SL Controller digital out A
Function Setting Action low
130BE210.11
FC Parameter 5-40 F [80] SL digital

Parameter 1-90 [2] Thermistor
+24 V 12 unction Relay output A
Motor Thermal trip
+24 V 13 * = Default value
Protection Notes/comments:
D IN 18
Parameter 1-93 T [1] Analog If the limit in the feedback
D IN 19
hermistor Source input 53 monitor is exceeded, warning
D IN 27
61, feedback monitor is issued.
D IN 29 Parameter 6-19 T
The SLC monitors warning 61,
D IN 32 erminal 53 mode [1] Voltage feedback monitor. If warning 61,
D IN 33 feedback monitor becomes true,
relay 1 is triggered.
* = Default value External equipment could
indicate that service is required.
+10 V 50 Notes/comments: If the feedback error goes
A IN 53 If only a warning is needed, set below the limit again within
A IN
5 s, the frequency converter
54 parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal continues, and the warning
COM 55 Protection to [1] Thermistor disappears. Relay 1 persists
A OUT 42 until [Off/Reset] is pressed.
warning.
Table 3.9 Using SLC to Set a Relay
Table 3.8 Motor Thermistor

Safe Torque Off (STO) Design Guide
4 Safe Torque Off (STO)
The Safe Torque Off (STO) function is a component in a Terminal 37 Terminal 38 Torque Warning or
safety control system. STO prevents the unit from alarm
generating the energy that is required to rotate the motor, Energized1) Energized Yes2) No warnings or
thus ensuring safety in emergency situations. alarms.
De-energized3) De-energized No Warning/alarm
The STO function is designed and approved suitable for 68: Safe Torque
Off.
4 4
the requirements of:
• IEC/EN 61508: 2010 SIL2 De-energized Energized No Alarm 188: STO
Function Fault.
• IEC/EN 61800-5-2: 2007 SIL2
Energized De-energized No Alarm 188: STO
• IEC/EN 62061: 2012 SILCL of SIL2 Function Fault.
• EN ISO 13849-1: 2008 Category 3 PL d
Table 4.1 STO Status
To achieve the required level of operational safety, select
1) Voltage range is 24 V ±5 V, with terminal 55 as the reference
and apply the components in the safety control system
terminal.
appropriately. Before using STO, carry out a thorough risk
2) Torque is present only when the frequency converter is operating.
analysis on the installation to determine whether the STO
3) Open circuit, or the voltage within the range of 0 V ±1.5 V, with
function and safety levels are appropriate and sufficient.
terminal 55 as the reference terminal.
The STO function in the frequency converter is controlled Test pulse filtering
via control terminals 37 and 38. When STO is activated, the For safety devices that generate test pulses on the STO
power supply on the high side and low side of the IGBT control lines: If the pulse signals stay at low level (≤1.8 V)
gate driving circuits is cut off. Illustration 4.1 shows the STO for no longer than 5 ms, they are ignored, as shown in
architecture. Table 4.1 shows STO statuses based on Illustration 4.2.
whether terminals 37 and 38 are energized.
130BE587.12
T37/38 5 ms max. Test pulse STO demanded
130BE463.12
Voltage
+UDC
24 V
24 V
12 voltage IGBT
source high-side X3
gate driving
circuit
Time
38
17 V X3 STO request Debounce time
diagnostic
circuit state
37 IGBT
STO valid
X3
low-side
gate driving
circuit
55
STO invalid
Time
Illustration 4.2 Test Pulse Filtering
PELV
Illustration 4.1 STO Architecture
Asynchronous input tolerance

The input signals at the 2 terminals are not always
synchronous. If the discrepancy between the 2 signals is
longer than 12 ms, the STO fault alarm (alarm 188, STO
Function Fault) occurs.
Valid signals
To activate STO, the 2 signals must both be at low level for
at least 80 ms. To terminate STO, the 2 signals must both
be at high level for at least 20 ms. Refer to
chapter 7.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data for the
voltage levels and input current of STO terminals.

Safe Torque Off (STO) VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
4.1 Safety Precautions for STO
130BE213.10
Qualified personnel
Only qualified personnel are allowed to install or operate
this equipment.
Qualified personnel are defined as trained staff, who are
authorized to install, commission, and maintain equipment,
systems, and circuits in accordance with pertinent laws and
regulations. Also, the personnel must be familiar with the
4 4 instructions and safety measures described in this manual.
NOTICE
After installation of STO, perform a commissioning test
as specified in chapter 4.3.3 STO Commissioning Test. A
passed commissioning test is mandatory after first instal-
lation and after each change to the safety installation.
WARNING
RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK Illustration 4.3 Jumper between Terminal 12 (24 V), 37, and 38
The STO function does NOT isolate mains voltage to the
frequency converter or auxiliary circuits, and therefore
does not provide electrical safety. Failure to isolate the 2. Connect a dual-channel safety device (for
mains voltage supply from the unit and wait the time example safety PLC, light curtain, safety relay, or
specified could result in death or serious injury. emergency stop button) to terminals 37 and 38
to form a safety application. The device must
• Perform work on electrical parts of the
comply with the required safety level based on
frequency converter or the motor only after
the hazard assessment. Illustration 4.4 shows the
isolating the mains voltage supply and waiting
wiring schematic of STO applications where the
the discharge time specified in chapter Safety
frequency converter and the safety device are in
Precautions in the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 the same cabinet. Illustration 4.5 shows the wiring
Operating Guide. schematic of STO applications where external
supply is used.
NOTICE NOTICE
When designing the machine application, consider the The STO signal must be PELV supplied.
timing and distance for a coast to stop (STO). For more
information regarding stop categories, refer to EN 1 130BE424.11
60204-1.
37
4.2 Safe Torque Off Installation 38
For motor connection, AC mains connection, and control 12
wiring, follow the instructions for safe installation in

chapter 2.2 Electrical Installation.
Enable the integrated STO as follows:

1. Remove the jumper between control terminals 12
(24 V), 37, and 38. Cutting or breaking the jumper 55
is not sufficient to avoid short-circuiting. See the

jumper in Illustration 4.3.
1 Safety device
Illustration 4.4 STO Wiring in 1 Cabinet, Frequency Converter

Provides the Supply Voltage

4.3.2 Deactivation of Safe Torque Off
130BE425.12
1
+
37
38 24 V source
12 Follow the instructions in Table 4.2 to deactivate the STO

-
function and resume normal operation based on the
restart mode of the STO function.
55
WARNING
RISK OF INJURY OR DEATH
1 Safety device Reapplying 24 V DC supply to either terminal 37 or 38 4 4
terminates the SIL2 STO state, potentially starting the
Illustration 4.5 STO Wiring, External Supply motor. Unexpected motor start may cause personal
injuries or death.
• Ensure that all safety measures are taken before
3. Complete the wiring according to the instructions reapplying 24 V DC supply to terminals 37 and
in chapter 2.2.1 Electrical Installation, and: 38.
• Eliminate short circuit risks.
• Ensure that the STO cables are shielded Restart Steps to deactivate STO Restart mode configu-
if they are longer than 20 m (65.6 ft) or mode and resume normal ration
outside the cabinet. operation
Manual 1. Reapply 24 V DC Default setting.
• Connect the safety device directly to
restart supply to terminals 37 Parameter 5-19 Terminal
terminals 37 and 38.
and 38. 37/38 Safe Torque Off=[1]
4.3 STO Commissioning 2. Initiate a reset signal Safe Torque Off Alarm
(via fieldbus, digital

4.3.1 Activation of Safe Torque Off
I/O, or [Reset]/[Off
Reset] key on the
To activate the STO function, remove the voltage at
LCP).
terminals 37 and 38 of the frequency converter.
Automatic Reapply 24 V DC supply Parameter 5-19 Terminal
When STO is activated, the frequency converter issues restart to terminals 37 and 38. 37/38 Safe Torque Off= [3]
alarm 68, Safe Torque Off or warning 68, Safe Torque Off, Safe Torque Off Warning.
trips the unit, and coasts the motor to stop. Use the STO
Table 4.2 STO Deactivation
function to stop the frequency converter in emergency
stop situations. In normal operating mode when STO is not
required, use the standard stop function instead. 4.3.3 STO Commissioning Test
After installation and before first operation, perform a

NOTICE commissioning test of the installation using STO.
If STO is activated while the frequency converter issues Perform the test again after each modification of the
warning 8, DC undervoltage or alarm 8, DC undervoltage, installation or application involving the STO.
the frequency converter skips alarm 68, Safe Torque Off,
but the STO operation is not affected.
NOTICE
A successful commissioning test of the STO function is
required after the initial installation, and after each
subsequent change to the installation.
To perform a commissioning test:

• Follow the instructions in chapter 4.3.4 Test for
STO Applications in Manual Restart Mode if STO is
set to manual restart mode.
• Follow the instructions in chapter 4.3.5 Test for
STO Applications in Automatic Restart Mode if STO
is set to automatic restart mode.

Safe Torque Off (STO) VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
4.3.4 Test for STO Applications in Manual 4. Ensure that the motor becomes operational and
Restart Mode runs within the original speed range.
The commissioning test is successfully completed when all
For applications where parameter 5-19 Terminal 37/38 Safe the above-mentioned steps are passed.
Torque Off is set to the default value [1] Safe Torque Off
Alarm, conduct the commissioning test as follows. NOTICE
See the warning on the restart behavior in
1. Set parameter 5-40 Function Relay to [190] Safe chapter 4.1 Safety Precautions for STO.
Function active.
4 4 2. Remove the 24 V DC voltage supply to terminals 4.4 Maintenance and Service for STO
37 and 38 using the safety device while the
frequency converter drives the motor (that is, the
• The user is responsible for security measures.
mains supply is not interrupted). • The frequency converter parameters can be

protected with a password.
3. Verify that:
The functional test consists of 2 parts:
3a The motor coasts. It may take a long
time for the motor to stop. • Basic functional test.
3b If the LCP is mounted, alarm 68, Safe • Diagnostic functional test.

Torque Off shows on the LCP. If the LCP When all the steps are completed successfully, the
is not mounted, alarm 68, Safe Torque functional test is successful.
Off is logged in parameter 15-30 Alarm
Log: Error Code. Basic functional test
4. Reapply 24 V DC to terminals 37 and 38. If the STO function has not been used for 1 year, conduct
a basic functional test to detect any failure or malfunction
5. Ensure that the motor remains in the coasted
of STO.
state, and the customer relay (if connected)
1. Ensure that parameter 5-19 Terminal 37/38 Safe
remains activated.
Torque Off is set to *[1] Safe Torque Off Alarm.
6. Send reset signal (via fieldbus, digital I/O, or
2. Remove the 24 V DC voltage supply for terminals
[Reset]/[Off Reset] key on the LCP).
37 and 38.
7. Ensure that the motor becomes operational and
3. Check if the LCP shows alarm 68, Safe Torque Off.
runs within the original speed range.
4. Verify that the frequency converter trips the unit.
The commissioning test is successfully completed when all
the above-mentioned steps are passed. 5. Verify that the motor is coasting and stops
completely.
4.3.5 Test for STO Applications in 6. Initiate a start signal (via fieldbus, digital I/O, or
Automatic Restart Mode the LCP), and verify that the motor does not start.
7. Reconnect the 24 V DC voltage supply to
For applications where parameter 5-19 Terminal 37/38 Safe terminals 37 and 38.
Torque Off is set to [3] Safe Torque Off Warning, conduct the
commissioning test as follows: 8. Verify that the motor is not started automatically
1. Remove the 24 V DC voltage supply to terminals and restarts only by giving a reset signal (via
37 and 38 by the safety device while the fieldbus, digital I/O, or [Reset]/[Off Reset] key on
frequency converter drives the motor (that is, the the LCP).
mains supply is not interrupted). Diagnostic functional test
2. Verify that: 1. Verify that warning 68, Safe Torque Off and alarm
68, Safe Torque Off do not occur when 24 V
2a The motor coasts. It may take a long supply is connected to terminals 37 and 38.
time for the motor to stop.
2. Remove the 24 V supply for terminal 37, and
2b If the LCP is mounted Warning 68, Safe verify that the LCP shows alarm 188, STO Function
Torque Off W68, shows on the LCP. If the Fault if the LCP is mounted. If the LCP is not
LCP is not mounted, Warning 68, Safe mounted, verify that alarm 188, STO Function Fault
Torque Off W68 is logged in bit 30 of is logged in parameter 15-30 Alarm Log: Error
parameter 16-92 Warning Word. Code.
3. Reapply 24 V DC to terminals 37 and 38.

3. Reapply 24 V supply to terminal 37, and verify mounted, verify that alarm 188, STO Function Fault
that resetting the alarm is successful. is logged in parameter 15-30 Alarm Log: Error
Code.
4. Remove the 24 V supply for terminal 38 and
verify that the LCP shows alarm 188, STO Function 5. Reapply 24 V supply to terminal 38 and verify
Fault if the LCP is mounted. If the LCP is not that resetting the alarm is successful.
4.5 STO Technical Data

The Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis (FMEDA) is performed based on the following assumptions:
• VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 takes 10% of the total failure budget for an SIL2 safety loop. 4 4
• Failure rates are based on the Siemens SN29500 database.
• Failure rates are constant; wear-out mechanisms are not included.
• For each channel, the safety-related components are considered to be of type A with a hardware fault tolerance
of 0.
• The stress levels are average for an industrial environment and the working temperature of components is up
to 85 °C (185 °F).
• A safe error (for example output in safe state) is repaired within 8 hours.
• No torque output is the safe state.
Safety of Machinery ISO 13849-1, IEC 62061

Safety standards
Functional Safety IEC 61508
Safety function Safe Torque Off IEC 61800-5-2
ISO 13849-1
Category Cat. 3
Diagnostic Coverage (DC) 60% (Low)
Mean Time to Dangerous Failure
2400 years (High)
(MTTFd)
Performance Level PL d
IEC 61508/IEC 61800-5-2/IEC 62061
Safety Integrity Level SIL2
Probability of Dangerous Failure per
7.54E-9 (1/h)
Hour (PFH) (High Demand Mode)
Probability of Dangerous Failure on
Safety performance
Demand (PFDavg for PTI = 20 years) 6.05E-4
(Low Demand Mode)
For dual-channel parts: >84%
Safe Failure Fraction (SFF)
For single-channel parts: >99%
For dual-channel parts: HFT = 1
Hardware Fault Tolerance (HFT) For single-channel parts: HFT = 0
Proof Test Interval2) 20 years

Common Cause Failure (CCF) β = 5%; βD = 5%
Diagnostic Test Interval (DTI) 160 ms
Systematic Capability SC 2
Reaction time1) Input to output response time Enclosure sizes K1–K3: Maximum 50 ms
Enclosure sizes K4 and K5: Maximum 30 ms
Table 4.3 Technical Data for STO

1) Reaction time is the amount of time from an input signal condition that triggers the STO until the torque is off on the motor.
2) For proof test procedure, refer to chapter 4.4 Maintenance and Service for STO.

RS485 Installation and Set-... VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
5 RS485 Installation and Set-up
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Overview
RS485 is a 2-wire bus interface compatible with multi-drop network topology. The nodes can be connected as a bus, or via
drop cables from a common trunk line. A total of 32 nodes can be connected to 1 network segment.
Repeaters divide network segments, see Illustration 5.1.
5 5
Illustration 5.1 RS485 Bus Interface
NOTICE To prevent impedance mismatch, use the same type of

Each repeater functions as a node within the segment in cable throughout the entire network. When connecting a
which it is installed. Each node connected within a given motor to the frequency converter, always use shielded
network must have a unique node address across all motor cable.
segments.
Cable Shielded twisted pair (STP)
Terminate each segment at both ends, using either the Impedance [Ω] 120
termination switch (S801) of the frequency converters or a Cable length [m Maximum 1200 (3937) (including drop lines).
biased termination resistor network. Always use shielded (ft)] Maximum 500 (1640) station-to-station.
twisted pair (STP) cable for bus cabling and follow good
Table 5.1 Cable Specifications
common installation practice.
Low-impedance ground connection of the shield at every

5.1.2 Network Connection
node is important, including at high frequencies. Thus,
connect a large surface of the shield to ground, for Connect the frequency converter to the RS485 network as
example with a cable clamp or a conductive cable gland. follows (see also Illustration 5.2):
Sometimes, it is necessary to apply potential-equalizing 1. Connect signal wires to terminal 68 (P+) and
cables to maintain the same ground potential throughout terminal 69 (N-) on the main control board of the
the network, particularly in installations with long cables. frequency converter.
2. Connect the cable shield to the cable clamps.

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide
NOTICE Parameter Function

To reduce noise between conductors, use shielded, Parameter 8-37 Ma If transmission is interrupted, specify a
twisted-pair cables. ximum Inter-char maximum delay time between 2 received
delay bytes to ensure timeout.
NOTICE
130BB795.10
61 68 69
The default selection depends on the
COMM. GND
P
N protocol selected in
Illustration 5.2 Network Connection

Table 5.2 Modbus Communication Parameter Settings
5.1.3 Hardware Set-up 5.1.5 EMC Precautions 5 5

To terminate the RS485 bus, use the terminator switch on To achieve interference-free operation of the RS485
the main control board of the frequency converter. network, Danfoss recommends the following EMC
precautions.
The factory setting for the switch is OFF.
NOTICE
5.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Observe relevant national and local regulations, for
Communication example regarding protective earth connection. To avoid
coupling of high-frequency noise between the cables,
Parameter Function keep the RS485 communication cable away from motor
Parameter 8-30 Prot Select the application protocol to run for and brake resistor cables. Normally, a distance of
ocol the RS485 interface. 200 mm (8 in) is sufficient. Maintain the greatest possible
Parameter 8-31 Add Set the node address. distance between the cables, especially where cables run
in parallel over long distances. When crossing is
ress NOTICE unavoidable, the RS485 cable must cross motor and
The address range depends on the
brake resistor cables at an angle of 90°.
protocol selected in
5.2 FC Protocol
Parameter 8-32 Bau Set the baud rate. 5.2.1 Overview
d Rate NOTICE
The default baud rate depends on the The FC protocol, also referred to as FC bus or standard bus,
protocol selected in is the Danfoss standard fieldbus. It defines an access
parameter 8-30 Protocol. technique according to the master/slave principle for
communications via a fieldbus.
Parameter 8-33 Pari Set the parity and number of stop bits. One master and a maximum of 126 slaves can be
ty / Stop Bits NOTICE connected to the bus. The master selects the individual
slaves via an address character in the telegram. A slave
The default selection depends on the
itself can never transmit without first being requested to
protocol selected in
do so, and direct telegram transfer between the individual
slaves is not possible. Communications occur in the half-
duplex mode.
Parameter 8-35 Min Specify a minimum delay time between The master function cannot be transferred to another node
imum Response receiving a request and transmitting a (single-master system).
Delay response. This function is for overcoming
modem turnaround delays.
Parameter 8-36 Ma Specify a maximum delay time between
ximum Response transmitting a request and receiving a
Delay response.

The physical layer is RS485, thus utilizing the RS485 port 5.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure
built into the frequency converter. The FC protocol
supports different telegram formats: 5.4.1 Content of a Character (byte)
• A short format of 8 bytes for process data. Each character transferred begins with a start bit. Then 8
data bits are transferred, corresponding to a byte. Each
• A long format of 16 bytes that also includes a
character is secured via a parity bit. This bit is set at 1
parameter channel.
when it reaches parity. Parity is when there are an equal
• A format used for texts. number of 1s in the 8 data bits and the parity bit in total.
A stop bit completes a character, consisting of 11 bits in
5.2.2 FC with Modbus RTU all.
5 5 The FC protocol provides access to the control word and
195NA036.10
bus reference of the frequency converter.
Start 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Even Stop
bit Parity bit
The control word allows the Modbus master to control
Illustration 5.3 Content of a Character
several important functions of the frequency converter:
• Start.
• Stop of the frequency converter in various ways: 5.4.2 Telegram Structure
- Coast stop.
- Quick stop. Each telegram has the following structure:
• Start character (STX)=02 hex.
- DC brake stop.
• A byte denoting the telegram length (LGE).
- Normal (ramp) stop.
• A byte denoting the frequency converter address
• Reset after a fault trip. (ADR).
• Run at various preset speeds. Several data bytes (variable, depending on the type of
• Run in reverse. telegram) follow.
• Change of the active set-up.

A data control byte (BCC) completes the telegram.
• Control of the 2 relays built into the frequency
converter.
195NA099.10
The bus reference is commonly used for speed control. It is
also possible to access the parameters, read their values,
STX LGE ADR DATA BCC
and where possible, write values to them. Accessing the
parameters offers a range of control options, including Illustration 5.4 Telegram Structure
controlling the setpoint of the frequency converter when
its internal PI controller is used.
5.3 Network Configuration 5.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE)
To enable the FC protocol for the frequency converter, set The telegram length is the number of data bytes plus the
the following parameters. address byte ADR and the data control byte BCC.
Parameter Setting 4 data bytes LGE=4+1+1=6 bytes

Parameter 8-30 Protocol FC 12 data bytes LGE=12+1+1=14 bytes
Parameter 8-31 Address 1–126 Telegrams containing texts 101)+n bytes
Parameter 8-32 Baud 2400–115200
Table 5.4 Length of Telegrams
Rate
Parameter 8-33 Parity / Even parity, 1 stop bit (default) 1) The 10 represents the fixed characters, while the n is variable
Stop Bits (depending on the length of the text).
Table 5.3 Parameters to Enable the Protocol

5.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR) 5.4.7 The PKE Field
Address format 1–126 The PKE field contains 2 subfields:

• Bit 7 = 1 (address format 1–126 active). • Parameter command and response (AK)
• Bit 0–6 = frequency converter address 1–126. • Parameter number (PNU)
• Bit 0–6 = 0 broadcast.
130BB918.10
PKE IND PWEhigh PWElow
The slave returns the address byte unchanged to the
master in the response telegram.
5.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC)

AK PNU
The checksum is calculated as an XOR-function. Before the 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

5 5
first byte in the telegram is received, the calculated
checksum is 0.
Parameter
commands
and replies
Parameter
5.4.6 The Data Field
number
The structure of data blocks depends on the type of
Illustration 5.8 PKE Field
telegram. There are 3 telegram types, and the type applies
for both control telegrams (master⇒slave) and response
telegrams (slave⇒master).
Bits 12–15 transfer parameter commands from master to
slave and return processed slave responses to the master.
The 3 types of telegram are:
Parameter commands master⇒slave

Process block (PCD)
Bit number Parameter command
The PCD is made up of a data block of 4 bytes (2 words)
and contains: 15 14 13 12
0 0 0 0 No command.
• Control word and reference value (from master to
0 0 0 1 Read parameter value.
slave)
0 0 1 0 Write parameter value in RAM (word).
• Status word and present output frequency (from 0 0 1 1 Write parameter value in RAM (double
slave to master) word).
1 1 0 1 Write parameter value in RAM and
130BA269.10
STX LGE ADR PCD1 PCD2 BCC
EEPROM (double word).

Illustration 5.5 Process Block 1 1 1 0 Write parameter value in RAM and
EEPROM (word).
1 1 1 1 Read text.
Parameter block
Table 5.5 Parameter Commands
The parameter block is used to transfer parameters
between master and slave. The data block is made up of
Response slave⇒master
12 bytes (6 words) and also contains the process block.
Bit number Response
130BA271.10
STX LGE ADR PKE IND PWEhigh PWElow PCD1 PCD2 BCC
15 14 13 12
0 0 0 0 No response.
Illustration 5.6 Parameter Block
0 0 0 1 Parameter value transferred (word).
0 0 1 0 Parameter value transferred (double
word).
Text block
0 1 1 1 Command cannot be performed.
The text block is used to read or write texts via the data
1 1 1 1 Text transferred.
block.
Table 5.6 Response
130BA270.10
STX LGE ADR PKE IND Ch1 Ch2 Chn PCD1 PCD2 BCC
Illustration 5.7 Text Block If the command cannot be performed, the slave sends this
response 0111 Command cannot be performed and issues
the following fault report in Table 5.7.

Fault code FC specification parameter 0-01 Language, select the data value by entering
0 Illegal parameter number. the value in the PWE block. Serial communication is only
1 Parameter cannot be changed. capable of reading parameters containing data type 9 (text
2 Upper or lower limit is exceeded. string).
3 Subindex is corrupted.
4 No array. Parameter 15-40 FC Type to parameter 15-53 Power Card
5 Wrong data type. Serial Number contain data type 9.
6 Not used. For example, read the unit size and mains voltage range in
7 Not used. parameter 15-40 FC Type. When a text string is transferred
9 Description element is not available.
(read), the length of the telegram is variable, and the texts
are of different lengths. The telegram length is defined in
11 No parameter write access.
the 2nd byte of the telegram (LGE). When using text
5 5 15
17
No text available.
Not applicable while running.
transfer, the index character indicates whether it is a read
or a write command.
18 Other errors.
100 –
To read a text via the PWE block, set the parameter
>100 –
command (AK) to F hex. The index character high-byte
130 No bus access for this parameter.
must be 4.
131 Write to factory set-up is not possible.
132 No LCP access.
252 Unknown viewer.
5.4.11 Data Types Supported by the
253 Request is not supported.
Frequency Converter
254 Unknown attribute.
Unsigned means that there is no operational sign in the
255 No error.
telegram.
Table 5.7 Slave Report
Data types Description
5.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU) 3 Integer 16
4 Integer 32
Bits 0–11 transfer parameter numbers. The function of the 5 Unsigned 8
relevant parameter is defined in the parameter description 6 Unsigned 16
in the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Programming Guide. 7 Unsigned 32
9 Text string
5.4.9 Index (IND) Table 5.8 Data Types
The index is used with the parameter number to read/

5.4.12 Conversion
write access parameters with an index, for example,
parameter 15-30 Alarm Log: Error Code. The index consists
The programming guide contains the descriptions of
of 2 bytes; a low byte, and a high byte.
attributes of each parameter. Parameter values are
transferred as whole numbers only. Conversion factors are
Only the low byte is used as an index.
used to transfer decimals.
5.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE) Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] has a conversion
factor of 0.1. To preset the minimum frequency to 10 Hz,
The parameter value block consists of 2 words (4 bytes), transfer the value 100. A conversion factor of 0.1 means
and the value depends on the defined command (AK). The that the value transferred is multiplied by 0.1. The value
master prompts for a parameter value when the PWE block 100 is thus perceived as 10.0.
contains no value. To change a parameter value (write),
write the new value in the PWE block and send from the
master to the slave.
When a slave responds to a parameter request (read

command), the present parameter value in the PWE block
is transferred and returned to the master. If a parameter
contains several data options, for example

Conversion index Conversion factor NOTICE

74 3600 Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is a single
2 100 word, and the parameter command for write in EEPROM
1 10 is E. Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is 19E in
0 1 hexadecimal.
-1 0.1
-2 0.01 The response from the slave to the master is shown in
-3 0.001 Illustration 5.10.
-4 0.0001
-5 0.00001
130BA093.10
119E H 0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H
Table 5.9 Conversion
PKE IND PWE high PWE low 5 5
5.4.13 Process Words (PCD) Illustration 5.10 Response from Master
The block of process words is divided into 2 blocks of 16

bits, which always occur in the defined sequence. 5.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value
PCD 1 PCD 2 Read the value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time.
Control telegram (master⇒slave control word) Reference value
Control telegram (slave⇒master) status word Present output PKE = 1155 hex - Read parameter value in
frequency parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time:
• IND = 0000 hex.
Table 5.10 Process Words (PCD)
• PWEHIGH = 0000 hex.
5.5 Examples • PWELOW = 0000 hex.
130BA094.10
5.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value
1155 H 0000 H 0000 H 0000 H
PKE IND PWE high PWE low

Change parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] to 100
Hz. Illustration 5.11 Telegram
Write the data in EEPROM.
PKE = E19E hex - Write single word in If the value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is 10
parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz]: s, the response from the slave to the master is shown in
• IND = 0000 hex. Illustration 5.12.
• PWEHIGH = 0000 hex.

130BA267.10
• PWELOW = 03E8 hex. 1155 H 0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H
Data value 1000, corresponding to 100 Hz, see PKE IND PWE high PWE low
chapter 5.4.12 Conversion.
Illustration 5.12 Response
The telegram looks like Illustration 5.9.
3E8 hex corresponds to 1000 decimal. The conversion

130BA092.10
index for parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is -2, that

E19E H 0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H
is, 0.01.
PKE IND PWE high PWE low Parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is of the type
Illustration 5.9 Telegram Unsigned 32.

5.6 Modbus RTU an error-checking field. If an error occurs in receipt of the

telegram, or if the slave is unable to perform the requested
5.6.1 Prerequisite Knowledge action, the slave constructs and sends an error message.
Alternatively, a timeout occurs.
Danfoss assumes that the installed controller supports the
interfaces in this manual, and strictly observes all 5.6.3 Frequency Converter with Modbus
requirements and limitations stipulated in the controller RTU
and frequency converter.
The frequency converter communicates in Modbus RTU
The built-in Modbus RTU (remote terminal unit) is format over the built-in RS485 interface. Modbus RTU
designed to communicate with any controller that provides access to the control word and bus reference of
supports the interfaces defined in this manual. It is the frequency converter.
5 5 assumed that the user has full knowledge of the
capabilities and limitations of the controller. The control word allows the Modbus master to control
several important functions of the frequency converter:
5.6.2 Overview • Start.
• Various stops:
Regardless of the type of physical communication
networks, this section describes the process a controller - Coast stop.
uses to request access to another device. This process - Quick stop.
includes how the Modbus RTU responds to requests from
- DC brake stop.
another device, and how errors are detected and reported.
It also establishes a common format for the layout and - Normal (ramp) stop.
contents of telegram fields. • Reset after a fault trip.
During communications over a Modbus RTU network, the

• Run at various preset speeds.
protocol: • Run in reverse.

• Determines how each controller learns its device • Change the active set-up.
address.
• Control built-in relay of the frequency converter.
• Recognizes a telegram addressed to it.
The bus reference is commonly used for speed control. It is
• Determines which actions to take. also possible to access the parameters, read their values,
• Extracts any data or other information contained and, where possible, write values to them. Accessing the
in the telegram. parameters offers a range of control options, including
controlling the setpoint of the frequency converter when
If a reply is required, the controller constructs the reply its internal PI controller is used.
telegram and sends it.
Controllers communicate using a master/slave technique in 5.7 Network Configuration
which only the master can initiate transactions (called
queries). Slaves respond by supplying the requested data To enable Modbus RTU on the frequency converter, set the
to the master, or by acting as requested in the query. following parameters:
The master can address individual slaves, or initiate a
broadcast telegram to all slaves. Slaves return a response Parameter Setting
to queries that are addressed to them individually. No Parameter 8-30 Protocol Modbus RTU
responses are returned to broadcast queries from the Parameter 8-31 Address 1–247
master. Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate 2400–115200
Parameter 8-33 Parity / Stop Bits Even parity, 1 stop bit
The Modbus RTU protocol establishes the format for the (default)
master query by providing the following information:
Table 5.11 Network Configuration
• The device (or broadcast) address.
• A function code defining the requested action.
• Any data to be sent.
• An error-checking field.
The response telegram of the slave device is also
constructed using Modbus protocol. It contains fields
confirming the action taken, any data to be returned, and

5.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing 5.8.3 Start/Stop Field

Structure
Telegrams start with a silent period of at least 3.5 character
5.8.1 Introduction intervals. The silent period is implemented as a multiple of
character intervals at the selected network baud rate
The controllers are set up to communicate on the Modbus (shown as Start T1-T2-T3-T4). The first field to be
network using RTU (remote terminal unit) mode, with each transmitted is the device address. Following the last
byte in a telegram containing 2 4-bit hexadecimal transmitted character, a similar period of at least 3.5
characters. The format for each byte is shown in Table 5.12. character intervals marks the end of the telegram. A new
telegram can begin after this period.
Start Data byte Stop/ Stop
Transmit the entire telegram frame as a continuous stream.
bit parity
If a silent period of more than 1.5 character intervals 5 5
occurs before completion of the frame, the receiving
Table 5.12 Format for Each Byte device flushes the incomplete telegram and assumes that
the next byte is the address field of a new telegram.
Coding system 8-bit binary, hexadecimal 0–9, A–F. Similarly, if a new telegram begins before 3.5 character
2 hexadecimal characters contained in each intervals after a previous telegram, the receiving device
8-bit field of the telegram. considers it a continuation of the previous telegram. This
Bits per byte • 1 start bit. behavior causes a timeout (no response from the slave),
• 8 data bits, least significant bit sent first. since the value in the final CRC field is not valid for the
combined telegrams.
• 1 bit for even/odd parity; no bit for no
parity.
5.8.4 Address Field
• 1 stop bit if parity is used; 2 bits if no
parity.
The address field of a telegram frame contains 8 bits. Valid
Error check field Cyclic redundancy check (CRC). slave device addresses are in the range of 0–247 decimal.
The individual slave devices are assigned addresses in the
Table 5.13 Byte Details range of 1–247. 0 is reserved for broadcast mode, which all
slaves recognize. A master addresses a slave by placing the
5.8.2 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure slave address in the address field of the telegram. When
the slave sends its response, it places its own address in
The transmitting device places a Modbus RTU telegram this address field to let the master know which slave is
into a frame with a known beginning and ending point. responding.
This allows receiving devices to begin at the start of the
telegram, read the address portion, determine which 5.8.5 Function Field
device is addressed (or all devices, if the telegram is
broadcast), and to recognize when the telegram is The function field of a telegram frame contains 8 bits. Valid
completed. Partial telegrams are detected and errors set as codes are in the range of 1–FF. Function fields are used to
a result. Characters for transmission must be in send telegrams between master and slave. When a
hexadecimal 00–FF format in each field. The frequency telegram is sent from a master to a slave device, the
converter continuously monitors the network bus, also function code field tells the slave what kind of action to
during silent intervals. When the first field (the address perform. When the slave responds to the master, it uses
field) is received, each frequency converter or device the function code field to indicate either a normal (error-
decodes it to determine which device is being addressed. free) response, or that some kind of error occurred (called
Modbus RTU telegrams addressed to 0 are broadcast an exception response).
telegrams. No response is permitted for broadcast
telegrams. A typical telegram frame is shown in Table 5.14.
For a normal response, the slave simply echoes the original
function code. For an exception response, the slave returns
Start Address Function Data CRC End a code that is equivalent to the original function code with
check its most significant bit set to logic 1. In addition, the slave
T1-T2-T3- 8 bits 8 bits N x 8 bits 16 bits T1-T2-T3- places a unique code into the data field of the response
T4 T4 telegram. This code tells the master what kind of error
occurred, or the reason for the exception. Also refer to
Table 5.14 Typical Modbus RTU Telegram Structure
chapter 5.8.10 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU and
chapter 5.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes.

5.8.6 Data Field Coil Description Signal

number direction
The data field is constructed using sets of 2 hexadecimal 1–16 Frequency converter control word Master to slave
digits, in the range of 00–FF hexadecimal. These digits are (see Table 5.16).
made up of 1 RTU character. The data field of telegrams 17–32 Frequency converter speed or Master to slave
sent from a master to a slave device contains additional setpoint reference range 0x0–
information which the slave must use to perform 0xFFFF (-200% ... ~200%).
accordingly. 33–48 Frequency converter status word Slave to master
(see Table 5.17).
The information can include items such as: 49–64 Open-loop mode: Frequency
• Coil or register addresses. converter output frequency.
Slave to master
Closed-loop mode: Frequency
5 5 • The quantity of items to be handled.
converter feedback signal.
• The count of actual data bytes in the field. Parameter write control (master to
slave).
5.8.7 CRC Check Field 0 = Parameter changes are written
to the RAM of the frequency
65 Master to slave
Telegrams include an error-checking field, operating based converter.
on a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) method. The CRC field 1 = Parameter changes are written
checks the contents of the entire telegram. It is applied to the RAM and EEPROM of the
regardless of any parity check method used for the frequency converter.
individual characters of the telegram. The transmitting 66–65536 Reserved. –
device calculates the CRC value and appends the CRC as
the last field in the telegram. The receiving device Table 5.15 Coil Register
recalculates a CRC during receipt of the telegram and
Coil 0 1
compares the calculated value to the actual value received
01 Preset reference lsb
in the CRC field. 2 unequal values result in bus timeout.
02 Preset reference msb
The error-checking field contains a 16-bit binary value
implemented as 2 8-bit bytes. After the implementation, 03 DC brake No DC brake
the low-order byte of the field is appended first, followed 04 Coast stop No coast stop
by the high-order byte. The CRC high-order byte is the last 05 Quick stop No quick stop
byte sent in the telegram. 06 Freeze frequency No freeze frequency
07 Ramp stop Start
5.8.8 Coil Register Addressing 08 No reset Reset

09 No jog Jog
In Modbus, all data is organized in coils and holding 10 Ramp 1 Ramp 2

registers. Coils hold a single bit, whereas holding registers 11 Data not valid Data valid
hold a 2 byte word (that is 16 bits). All data addresses in 12 Relay 1 off Relay 1 on
Modbus telegrams are referenced to 0. The first occurrence 13 Relay 2 off Relay 2 on
of a data item is addressed as item number 0. For example: 14 Set up lsb
The coil known as coil 1 in a programmable controller is 15 –
addressed as coil 0000 in the data address field of a 16 No reversing Reversing
Modbus telegram. Coil 127 decimal is addressed as coil
007Ehex (126 decimal). Table 5.16 Frequency Converter Control Word (FC Profile)
Holding register 40001 is addressed as register 0000 in the
data address field of the telegram. The function code field
already specifies a holding register operation. Therefore,
the 4XXXX reference is implicit. Holding register 40108 is
addressed as register 006Bhex (107 decimal).

Coil 0 1
33 Control not ready Control ready
34 Frequency converter not Frequency converter ready
ready
35 Coast stop Safety closed
36 No alarm Alarm
37 Not used Not used
40 No warning Warning
41 Not at reference At reference
42
43
Hand mode
Out of frequency range
Auto mode
In frequency range
5 5
44 Stopped Running
46 No voltage warning Voltage warning
47 Not in current limit Current limit
48 No thermal warning Thermal warning
Table 5.17 Frequency Converter Status Word (FC Profile)

Bus Bus PLC Content Access Description
address register1) register
0 1 40001 Reserved Reserved for legacy frequency converters VLT® 5000 and
–
VLT® 2800.
–
VLT® 2800.
–
VLT® 2800.
3 4 40004 Free – –
4 5 40005 Free – –
5 6 40006 Modbus configuration Read/Write TCP only. Reserved for Modbus TCP
(parameter 12-28 Store Data Values and
parameter 12-29 Store Always - stored in, for example,
EEPROM).
6 7 40007 Last fault code Read only Fault code received from parameter database, refer to
WHAT 38295 for details.
7 8 40008 Last error register Read only Address of register with which last error occurred, refer
to WHAT 38296 for details.
8 9 40009 Index pointer Read/Write Subindex of parameter to be accessed. Refer to WHAT
38297 for details.
9 10 40010 Parameter 0-01 Language Dependent on Parameter 0-01 Language (Modbus register = 10
parameter parameter number)
access 20 bytes space reserved for parameter in Modbus map.
19 20 40020 Parameter 0-02 Motor Speed Dependent on Parameter 0-02 Motor Speed Unit
Unit parameter 20 bytes space reserved for parameter in Modbus map.
access
29 30 40030 Parameter 0-03 Regional Dependent on Parameter 0-03 Regional Settings
Settings parameter 20 bytes space reserved for parameter in Modbus map.
access
Table 5.18 Address/Registers

1) Value written in the Modbus RTU telegram must be 1 or less than the register number. For example, Read Modbus Register 1 by writing value 0
in the telegram.

5.8.9 How to Control the Frequency Code Name Meaning

Converter 1 Illegal The function code received in the query is
function not an allowable action for the server (or
This section describes codes which can be used in the slave). This may be because the function
function and data fields of a Modbus RTU telegram. code is only applicable to newer devices
and was not implemented in the unit
selected. It could also indicate that the
5.8.10 Function Codes Supported by
server (or slave) is in the wrong state to
Modbus RTU
process a request of this type, for example
because it is not configured and is being
Modbus RTU supports use of the following function codes
asked to return register values.
in the function field of a telegram:
2 Illegal data The data address received in the query is
5 5 Function Function code (hex)
address not an allowable address for the server (or
slave). More specifically, the combination
Read coils 1
of reference number and transfer length is
Read holding registers 3 invalid. For a controller with 100 registers,
Write single coil 5 a request with offset 96 and length 4
Write single register 6 succeeds, while a request with offset 96
Write multiple coils F and length 5 generates exception 02.
Write multiple registers 10 3 Illegal data A value contained in the query data field
Get comm. event counter B value is not an allowable value for server (or
Report slave ID 11 slave). This indicates a fault in the
structure of the remainder of a complex
Table 5.19 Function Codes request, such as that the implied length is
incorrect. It does NOT mean that a data
Function Function Subfunction Subfunction item submitted for storage in a register
code code has a value outside the expectation of the
Diagnostics 8 1 Restart communication. application program, since the Modbus
2 Return diagnostic protocol is unaware of the significance of
register. any value of any register.
10 Clear counters and 4 Slave device An unrecoverable error occurred while the
diagnostic register. failure server (or slave) was attempting to
11 Return bus message perform the requested action.
count.
12 Return bus communi- Table 5.21 Modbus Exception Codes
cation error count.
13 Return slave error count. 5.9 How to Access Parameters
14 Return slave message
count.
5.9.1 Parameter Handling
Table 5.20 Function Codes The PNU (parameter number) is translated from the
register address contained in the Modbus read or write
5.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes telegram. The parameter number is translated to Modbus
as (10 x parameter number) decimal.
For a full explanation of the structure of an exception code
response, refer to chapter 5.8.5 Function Field. Examples
Reading parameter 3-12 Catch up/slow Down Value (16 bit):
The holding register 3120 holds the parameters value. A
value of 1352 (decimal), means that the parameter is set to
12.52%.
Reading parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference (32 bit):
The holding registers 3410 and 3411 hold the parameters
values. A value of 11300 (decimal), means that the
parameter is set to 1113.00.
For information on the parameters, size, and conversion
index, see the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Programming Guide.

5.9.2 Storage of Data 5.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 hex)
The coil 65 decimal determines whether data written to Description

the frequency converter is stored in EEPROM and RAM (coil This function reads the ON/OFF status of discrete outputs
65=1), or only in RAM (coil 65=0). (coils) in the frequency converter. Broadcast is never
supported for reads.
5.9.3 IND (Index) Query
The query telegram specifies the starting coil and quantity
Some parameters in the frequency converter are array of coils to be read. Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 33
parameters, for example parameter 3-10 Preset Reference. is addressed as 32.
Since the Modbus does not support arrays in the holding
Example of a request to read coils 33–48 (status word)
registers, the frequency converter has reserved the holding
register 9 as pointer to the array. Before reading or writing
from slave device 01. 5 5
an array parameter, set the holding register 9. Setting
Field name Example (hex)
holding register to the value of 2 causes all following read/
Slave address 01 (frequency converter address)
write to array parameters to be to the index 2.
Function 01 (read coils)
Starting address HI 00
5.9.4 Text Blocks
Starting address LO 20 (32 decimals) coil 33
Number of points HI 00
Parameters stored as text strings are accessed in the same
Number of points LO 10 (16 decimals)
way as the other parameters. The maximum text block size
Error check (CRC) –
is 20 characters. If a read request for a parameter is for
more characters than the parameter stores, the response is Table 5.22 Query
truncated. If the read request for a parameter is for fewer
characters than the parameter stores, the response is space Response
filled. The coil status in the response telegram is packed as 1 coil
per bit of the data field. Status is indicated as: 1=ON;
5.9.5 Conversion Factor 0=OFF. The lsb of the first data byte contains the coil
addressed in the query. The other coils follow toward the
A parameter value can only be transferred as a whole high-order end of this byte, and from low order to high
number. To transfer decimals, use a conversion factor. order in subsequent bytes.
If the returned coil quantity is not a multiple of 8, the
5.9.6 Parameter Values remaining bits in the final data byte are padded with
values 0 (toward the high-order end of the byte). The byte
count field specifies the number of complete bytes of data.
Standard data types
Standard data types are int 16, int 32, uint 8, uint 16, and Field name Example (hex)
uint 32. They are stored as 4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The
parameters are read using function 03 hex read holding
Function 01 (read coils)
registers. Parameters are written using the function 6 hex
Byte count 02 (2 bytes of data)
preset single register for 1 register (16 bits), and the
Data (coils 40–33) 07
function 10 hex preset multiple registers for 2 registers (32
Data (coils 48–41) 06 (STW=0607hex)
bits). Readable sizes range from 1 register (16 bits) up to
10 registers (20 characters). Error check (CRC) –
Non-standard data types Table 5.23 Response

Non-standard data types are text strings and are stored as
4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The parameters are read using NOTICE
function 03 hex read holding registers and written using Coils and registers are addressed explicitly with an off-
function 10 hex preset multiple registers. Readable sizes set of -1 in Modbus.
range from 1 register (2 characters) up to 10 registers (20 For example, coil 33 is addressed as coil 32.
characters).
5.10 Examples
The following examples show various Modbus RTU
commands.

5.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex) Field name Example (hex)
Description Function 0F (write multiple coils)
This function forces the coil to either ON or OFF. When Coil address HI 00
broadcast, the function forces the same coil references in Coil address LO 10 (coil address 17)
all attached slaves. Quantity of coils HI 00
Query Quantity of coils LO 10 (16 coils)
The query telegram specifies the coil 65 (parameter write Byte count 02
control) to be forced. Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil Force data HI 20
65 is addressed as 64. Force data = 00 00 hex (OFF) or FF (Coils 8–1)
00 hex (ON). Force data LO 00 (reference=2000 hex)
5 5 Field name Example (hex)

(Coils 16–9)
Slave address 01 (Frequency converter address)
Function 05 (write single coil) Table 5.26 Query
Coil address HI 00
Coil address LO 40 (64 decimal) Coil 65 Response
Force data HI FF The normal response returns the slave address, function
Force data LO 00 (FF 00 = ON)
code, starting address, and quantity of coils forced.
Error check (CRC) – Field name Example (hex)
Table 5.24 Query
Function 0F (write multiple coils)
Response Coil address HI 00
The normal response is an echo of the query, returned Coil address LO 10 (coil address 17)
after the coil state has been forced. Quantity of coils HI 00
Quantity of coils LO 10 (16 coils)
Field name Example (hex) Error check (CRC) –
Slave address 01
Function 05 Table 5.27 Response
Force data HI FF
Force data LO 00 5.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 hex)
Quantity of coils HI 00
Quantity of coils LO 01 Description
Error check (CRC) – This function reads the contents of holding registers in the
slave.
Table 5.25 Response
Query
The query telegram specifies the starting register and
5.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex) quantity of registers to be read. Register addresses start at
0, that is, registers 1–4 are addressed as 0–3.
Description
Example: Read parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference, register
This function forces each coil in a sequence of coils to
03030.
either on or off. When broadcasting, the function forces
the same coil references in all attached slaves.
Query
Slave address 01
The query telegram specifies the coils 17–32 (speed
Function 03 (Read holding registers)
setpoint) to be forced.
Starting address HI 0B (Register address 3029)
NOTICE Starting address LO D5 (Register address 3029)
Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 17 is addressed as Number of points HI 00
16. Number of points LO 02 – (parameter 3-03 Maximum
Reference is 32 bits long, that is, 2
registers)
Table 5.28 Query

Response 5.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex)

The register data in the response telegram is packed as 2
bytes per register, with the binary contents right justified Description
within each byte. For each register, the 1st byte contains This function presets values into a sequence of holding
the high-order bits, and the 2nd contains the low-order registers.
bits.
Query
Example: hex 000088B8=35.000=35 Hz. The query telegram specifies the register references to be
preset. Register addresses start at 0, that is, register 1 is
Field name Example (hex) addressed as 0. Example of a request to preset 2 registers
Slave address 01 (set parameter 1-24 Motor Current to 738 (7.38 A)):
Function 03
Byte count
Data HI (register 3030)
04
00 Slave address 01 5 5
Data LO (register 3030) 16 Function 10
Data HI (register 3031) E3 Starting address HI 04
Data LO (register 3031) 60 Starting address LO 07
Error check (CRC) – Number of registers HI 00
Number of registers LO 02
Table 5.29 Response Byte count 04
Write data HI (Register 4: 1049) 00
5.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 hex) Write data LO (Register 4: 1049) 00
Write data HI (Register 4: 1050) 02
Description Write data LO (Register 4: 1050) E2
This function presets a value into a single holding register. Error check (CRC) –
Query
Table 5.32 Query
The query telegram specifies the register reference to be
preset. Register addresses start at 0, that is, register 1 is
Response
addressed as 0.
The normal response returns the slave address, function
Example: Write to parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode, code, starting address, and quantity of registers preset.
register 1000.
Field name Example (hex) Slave address 01
Slave address 01 Function 10
Function 06 Starting address HI 04
Register address HI 03 (register address 999) Starting address LO 19
Register address LO E7 (register address 999) Number of registers HI 00
Preset data HI 00 Number of registers LO 02
Preset data LO 01 Error check (CRC) –
Table 5.33 Response
Table 5.30 Query
Response
The normal response is an echo of the query, returned
after the register contents have been passed.

Slave address 01
Function 06
Register address HI 03
Register address LO E7
Preset data HI 00
Preset data LO 01
Table 5.31 Response

5.11 Danfoss FC Control Profile Bit 02, DC brake

Bit 02=0: Leads to DC braking and stop. Set braking
5.11.1 Control Word According to FC Profile current and duration in parameter 2-01 DC Brake Current
(8–10 Protocol = FC Profile) and parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time.
Bit 02=1: Leads to ramping.
130BA274.11
Master-follower Bit 03, Coasting
CTW Speed ref. Bit 03=0: The frequency converter immediately releases the
motor (the output transistors are shut off), and it coasts to
a standstill.
Bit
no.: 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Bit 03=1: If the other starting conditions are met, the
frequency converter starts the motor.
Illustration 5.13 Control Word According to FC Profile
5 5 In parameter 8-50 Coasting Select, define how bit 03 gates
with the corresponding function on a digital input.
Bit Bit value=0 Bit value=1 Bit 04, Quick stop
00 Reference value External selection lsb Bit 04=0: Makes the motor speed ramp down to stop (set
01 Reference value External selection msb in parameter 3-81 Quick Stop Ramp Time).
02 DC brake Ramp
Bit 05, Hold output frequency
03 Coasting No coasting Bit 05=0: The present output frequency (in Hz) freezes.
04 Quick stop Ramp Change the frozen output frequency only with the digital
05 Hold output Use ramp inputs programmed to [21] Speed up and [22] Speed down
frequency (parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input to
06 Ramp stop Start parameter 5-13 Terminal 29 Digital Input).
07 No function Reset
08 No function Jog
NOTICE
09 Ramp 1 Ramp 2
If freeze output is active, the frequency converter can
only be stopped by 1 of the following:
10 Data invalid Data valid
11 Relay 01 open Relay 01 active • Bit 03 Coasting stop.
12 Relay 02 open Relay 02 active • Bit 02 DC braking.
13 Parameter set-up Selection lsb
15 No function Reverse
• Digital input programmed to [5] DC-brake
inverse, [2] Coast inverse, or [3] Coast and reset
Table 5.34 Control Word According to FC Profile inv (parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input to
parameter 5-13 Terminal 29 Digital Input).
Explanation of the control bits
Bits 00/01
Bits 00 and 01 are used to select among the 4 reference Bit 06, Ramp stop/start
values, which are preprogrammed in parameter 3-10 Preset Bit 06=0: Causes a stop and makes the motor speed ramp
Reference according to Table 5.35. down to stop via the selected ramp-down parameter.
Bit 06=1: Allows the frequency converter to start the motor
Programmed Parameter Bit Bit
if the other starting conditions are met.
reference 01 00
value In parameter 8-53 Start Select, define how bit 06 ramp stop/
1 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [0] 0 0 start gates with the corresponding function on a digital
2 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [1] 0 1
input.
3 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [2] 1 0 Bit 07, Reset
4 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [3] 1 1 Bit 07=0: No reset.
Bit 07=1: Resets a trip. Reset is activated on the leading
Table 5.35 Control Bits signal edge, that is, when changing from logic 0 to logic 1.
Bit 08, Jog
NOTICE Bit 08=1: Parameter 3-11 Jog Speed [Hz] determines the
In parameter 8-56 Preset Reference Select, define how bit output frequency.
00/01 gates with the corresponding function on the
Bit 09, Selection of ramp 1/2
digital inputs.
Bit 09=0: Ramp 1 is active (parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp
Up Time to parameter 3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp Down Time).
Bit 09=1: Ramp 2 (parameter 3-51 Ramp 2 Ramp Up Time to
parameter 3-52 Ramp 2 Ramp Down Time) is active.

Bit 10, Data not valid/Data valid Bit Bit=0 Bit=1

Tell the frequency converter whether to use or ignore the 00 Control not ready Control ready
control word. 01 Frequency converter not Frequency converter ready
Bit 10=0: The control word is ignored. ready
Bit 10=1: The control word is used. This function is relevant 02 Coasting Enable
because the telegram always contains the control word, 03 No error Trip
regardless of the telegram type. If the control word is not 04 No error Error (no trip)
needed when updating or reading parameter, turn it off. 05 Reserved –
Bit 11, Relay 01 06 No error Triplock
Bit 11=0: Relay not activated. 07 No warning Warning
Bit 11=1: Relay 01 activated if [36] Control word bit 11 is 08 Speed≠reference Speed=reference
selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay.
Bit 12, Relay 02
09
10
Local operation
Out of frequency limit
Bus control
Frequency limit OK
5 5
Bit 12=0: Relay 02 is not activated. 11 No operation In operation
Bit 12=1: Relay 02 is activated if [37] Control word bit 12 is 12 Frequency converter OK Stopped, auto start
selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay. 13 Voltage OK Voltage exceeded
Bit 13, Selection of set-up 14 Torque OK Torque exceeded
Use bit 13 to select from the 2 menu set-ups according to 15 Timer OK Timer exceeded
Table 5.36.
Table 5.37 Status Word According to FC Profile
Set-up Bit 13
1 0 Explanation of the status bits
2 1
Bit 00, Control not ready/ready
Table 5.36 Menu Set-ups Bit 00=0: The frequency converter trips.
Bit 00=1: The frequency converter controls are ready but
The function is only possible when [9] Multi set-ups is the power component does not necessarily receive any
selected in parameter 0-10 Active Set-up. supply (if there is 24 V external supply to controls).
Bit 01, Frequency converter ready
To define how bit 13 gates with the corresponding Bit 01=0: The frequency converter is not ready.
function on the digital inputs, use parameter 8-55 Set-up
Select. Bit 01=1: The frequency converter is ready for operation.
Bit 02, Coast stop
Bit 15 Reverse Bit 02=0: The frequency converter releases the motor.
Bit 15=0: No reversing. Bit 02=1: The frequency converter starts the motor with a
Bit 15=1: Reversing. In the default setting, reversing is set start command.
to digital in parameter 8-54 Reversing Select. Bit 15 causes Bit 03, No error/trip
reversing only when serial communication, [2] Logic OR or Bit 03=0: The frequency converter is not in fault mode.
[3] Logic AND is selected. Bit 03=1: The frequency converter trips. To re-establish
operation, press [Reset].
5.11.2 Status Word According to FC Profile Bit 04, No error/error (no trip)
(STW) Bit 04=0: The frequency converter is not in fault mode.
Bit 04=1: The frequency converter shows an error but does
Set parameter 8-30 Protocol to [0] FC. not trip.
Bit 05, Not used
130BA273.11
Follower-master
Bit 05 is not used in the status word.
STW Output freq. Bit 06, No error/triplock
Bit 06=0: The frequency converter is not in fault mode.
Bit 06=1: The frequency converter is tripped and locked.
Bit
no.: 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit 07, No warning/warning
Illustration 5.14 Status Word Bit 07=0: There are no warnings.
Bit 07=1: A warning has occurred.

Bit 08, Speed reference/speed=reference

Bit 08=0: The motor runs, but the present speed is
different from the preset speed reference. It might happen
when the speed ramps up/down during start/stop.
Bit 08=1: The motor speed matches the preset speed
reference.
Bit 09, Local operation/bus control
Bit 09=0: [Off/Reset] is activated on the control unit or [2]
Local in parameter 3-13 Reference Site is selected. It is not
possible to control the frequency converter via serial
communication.
Bit 09=1: It is possible to control the frequency converter
5 5 via the fieldbus/serial communication.
Bit 10, Out of frequency limit
Bit 10=0: The output frequency has reached the value in
parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] or
parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz].
Bit 10=1: The output frequency is within the defined limits.
Bit 11, No operation/in operation
Bit 11=0: The motor is not running.
Bit 11=1: The frequency converter has a start signal
without coast.
Bit 12, Frequency converter OK/stopped, auto start
Bit 12=0: There is no temporary overtemperature on the
Bit 12=1: The frequency converter stops because of
overtemperature but the unit does not trip and resumes
operation once the overtemperature normalizes.
Bit 13, Voltage OK/limit exceeded
Bit 13=0: There are no voltage warnings.
Bit 13=1: The DC voltage in the frequency converter’s DC
link is too low or too high.
Bit 14, Torque OK/limit exceeded
Bit 14=0: The motor current is lower than the current limit
selected in parameter 4-18 Current Limit.
Bit 14=1: The current limit in parameter 4-18 Current Limit is
exceeded.
Bit 15, Timer OK/limit exceeded
Bit 15=0: The timers for motor thermal protection and
thermal protection are not exceeded 100%.
Bit 15=1: 1 of the timers exceeds 100%.

5.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value
130BA276.11
Master-slave
16bit
Speed reference value is transmitted to the frequency CTW Speed reference
converter in a relative value in %. The value is transmitted
in the form of a 16-bit word. The integer value 16384 Follower-slave
(4000 hex) corresponds to 100%. Negative figures are Actual output
STW
formatted using 2’s complement. The actual output frequency
frequency (MAV) is scaled in the same way as the bus
Illustration 5.15 Actual Output Frequency (MAV)
reference.
The reference and MAV are scaled as follows:

5 5
130BA277.10
-100% 0% 100%
(C000hex) (0hex) (4000hex)
Par.3-00 set to
Reverse Forward
(1) -max- +max
Par.3-03 0 Par.3-03
Max reference Max reference
0% 100%
(0hex) (4000hex)
Par.3-00 set to
Forward
(0) min-max
Par.3-02 Par.3-03
Min reference Max reference
Illustration 5.16 Reference and MAV

Type Code and Selection VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
6 Type Code and Selection
6.1 Ordering Numbers: Options and

Accessories
Options and accessories Ordering number
Accessory bag FC 280 plugs 132B0350
Fan 50x20 IP21 PWM 132B0351
Fan 60x20 IP21 PWM 132B0352
Fan 70x20 IP21 PWM 132B0353
Fan 92x38 IP21 PWM 132B0371
Fan 120x38 IP21 PWM 132B0372
Terminal cover frame size K1 132B0354
6 6 Terminal cover frame size K2 132B0355
VLT® Memory Module MCM 102 132B0359
VLT® Control Panel LCP 21 (Numeric) 132B0254
VLT® Control Panel LCP 102 (Graphical) 130B1107
Graphical LCP adapter 132B0281
VLT® Control Panel LCP Blind Cover 132B0262
Bus cable decoupling kit, FC 280 132B0369
Decoupling kit, power I/O, K1 132B0373
Decoupling kit, power I/O, K2/K3 132B0374
Decoupling kit, power I/O, K4/K5 132B0375
VLT® Cassette control - Standard 132B0345
VLT® Cassette control - CANOpen 132B0346
VLT® Cassette control - PROFIBUS 132B0347
VLT® Cassette control - ProfiNet 132B0348
VLT® Cassette control - EtherNet/IP 132B0349
IP21/Type 1 conversion kit, K1 132B0335
Type 1 (NEMA) cable entry cover, K1 132B0340
Adapter plate, VLT® 2800 size A 132B0363
Adapter plate, VLT® 2800 size B 132B0364
Adapter plate, VLT® 2800 size C 132B0365
Adapter plate, VLT® 2800 size D 132B0366
VLT® 24 V DC Supply MCB 106 132B0368
LCP Remote Mounting Kit, w/3m cable 132B0102
LCP Mounting Kit, w/no LCP 130B1117
Table 6.1 Ordering Numbers for Options and Accessories

Type Code and Selection Design Guide
6.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors

Danfoss offers a wide variety of different resistors that are specially designed for our frequency converters. See
chapter 2.9.4 Control with Brake Function for the dimensioning of brake resistors. This section lists the ordering numbers for
the brake resistors.
6.2.1 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 10%
FC 280 Pm (HO) Rmin Rbr. nom Rrec Pbr avg Ordering Period Cable Thermal Maximum
number cross- relay brake torque
section1) with Rrec
T4 [kW (hp)] [Ω] [Ω] [Ω] [kW (hp)] 175Uxxxx [s] [mm2 [A] [%]
(AWG)]
0.030
PK37 0.37 (0.5) 890 1041.98 989 3000 120 1.5 (16) 0.3 139
(0.04)
0.045
6 6
PK55 0.55 (0.75) 593 693.79 659 3001 120 1.5 (16) 0.4 131
(0.06)
0.061
PK75 0.75 (1.0) 434 508.78 483 3002 120 1.5 (16) 0.4 129
(0.08)
0.092
P1K1 1.1 (1.5) 288 338.05 321 3004 120 1.5 (16) 0.5 132
(0.12)
0.128
P1K5 1.5 (2.0) 208 244.41 232 3007 120 1.5 (16) 0.8 145
(0.172)
0.190
P2K2 2.2 (3.0) 139 163.95 155 3008 120 1.5 (16) 0.9 131
(0.255)
0.262
P3K0 3 (4.0) 100 118.86 112 3300 120 1.5 (16) 1.3 131
(0.351)
0.354
P4K0 4 (5.0) 74 87.93 83 3335 120 1.5 (16) 1.9 128
(0.475)
0.492
P5K5 5.5 (7.5) 54 63.33 60 3336 120 1.5 (16) 2.5 127
(0.666)
0.677
P7K5 7.5 (10) 38 46.05 43 3337 120 1.5 (16) 3.3 132
(0.894)
0.945
P11K 11 (15) 27 32.99 31 3338 120 1.5 (16) 5.2 130
(1.267)
1.297
P15K 15 (20) 19 24.02 22 3339 120 1.5 (16) 6.7 129
(1.739)
1.610
P18K 18.5 (25) 16 19.36 18 3340 120 1.5 (16) 8.3 132
(2.158)
1.923
P22K 22 (30) 16 18.00 17 3357 120 1.5 (16) 10.1 128
(2.578)
Table 6.2 FC 280 - Mains: 380–480 V (T4), 10% Duty Cycle

1) All cabling must comply with national and local regulations on cable cross-sections and ambient temperature.

Type Code and Selection VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
6.2.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 40%
FC 280 Pm (HO) Rmin Rbr. nom Rrec Pbr avg Ordering Period Cable Thermal Maximum
number cross- relay brake torque
section1) with Rrec
T4 [kW (hp)] [Ω] [Ω] [Ω] [kW (hp)] 175Uxxxx [s] [mm2] [A] [%]
0.127
PK37 0.37 (0.5) 890 1041.98 989 3101 120 1.5 (16) 0.4 139
(0.170)
0.191
PK55 0.55 (0.75) 593 693.79 659 3308 120 1.5 (16) 0.5 131
(0.256)
0.260
PK75 0.75 (1.0) 434 508.78 483 3309 120 1.5 (16) 0.7 129
(0.349)
0.391
P1K1 1.1 (1.5) 288 338.05 321 3310 120 1.5 (16) 1 132
(0.524)
6 6 P1K5 1.5 (2.0) 208 244.41 232

0.541
(0.725)
3311 120 1.5 (16) 1.4 145
0.807
P2K2 2.2 (3.0) 139 163.95 155 3312 120 1.5 (16) 2.1 131
(1.082)
1.113
P3K0 3 (4.0) 100 118.86 112 3313 120 1.5 (16) 2.7 131
(1.491)
1.504
P4K0 4 (5.0) 74 87.93 83 3314 120 1.5 (16) 3.7 128
(2.016)
2.088
P5K5 5.5 (7.5) 54 63.33 60 3315 120 1.5 (16) 5 127
(2.799)
2.872
P7K5 7.5 (10) 38 46.05 43 3316 120 1.5 (16) 7.1 132
(3.850)
4.226
P11K 11 (15) 27 32.99 31 3236 120 2.5 (14) 11.5 130
(5.665)
5.804
P15K 15 (20) 19 24.02 22 3237 120 2.5 (14) 14.7 129
(7.780)
7.201
P18K 18.5 (25) 16 19.36 18 3238 120 4 (12) 19 132
(9.653)
8.604
P22K 22 (30) 16 18.00 17 3203 120 4 (12) 23 128
(11.534)
Table 6.3 FC 280 - Mains: 380–480 V (T4), 40% Duty Cycle

1) All cabling must comply with national and local regulations on cable cross-sections and ambient temperature.

Specifications Design Guide
7 Specifications
7.1 Power-dependent Specifications

Frequency converter PK37 PK55 PK75 P1K1 P1K5 P2K2 P3K0
typical shaft output [kW] 0.37 0.55 0.75 1.1 1.5 2.2 3.0
Enclosure protection rating IP20 K1 K1 K1 K1 K1 K1 K2
Output current
Shaft output [kW] 0.37 0.55 0.75 1.1 1.5 2.2 3
Continuous (3x380–440 V) [A] 1.2 1.7 2.2 3 3.7 5.3 7.2
Continuous (3x441–480 V) [A] 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.8 3.4 4.8 6.3
Intermittent (60 s overload) [A] 1.9 2.7 3.5 4.8 5.9 8.5 11.5
Continuous kVA (400 V AC) [kVA] 0.9 1.2 1.5 2.1 2.6 3.7 5.0
Maximum input current
Continuous (3x380–440 V) [A] 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.5 4.7 6.3
Continuous (3x441–480 V) [A] 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.9 3.9 4.3 7 7
More specifications
Maximum cable cross-section (mains, motor,
4(12)
brake, and load sharing) [mm2(AWG)]
Estimated power loss at rated maximum load
20.9 25.2 30 40 52.9 74 94.8
[W]1)
Weight, enclosure protection rating IP20 [kg
2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.5 (5.5) 3.6 (7.9)
(lb)]
Efficiency [%]2) 96.2 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.4 97.6 97.5
Table 7.1 Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC

Specifications VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
Frequency converter P4K0 P5K5 P7K5 P11K P15K P18K P22K

typical shaft output [kW] 4 5.5 7.5 11 15 18.5 22
Enclosure protection rating IP20 K2 K2 K3 K4 K4 K5 K5
Output current
Shaft output 4 5.5 7.5 11 15 18.5 22
Continuous (3x380–440 V) [A] 9 12 15.5 23 31 37 42.5
Continuous (3x441–480 V) [A] 8.2 11 14 21 27 34 40
Maximum input current
Continuous (3x380–440 V) [A] 8.3 11.2 15.1 22.1 29.9 35.2 41.5
Continuous (3x441–480 V) [A] 6.8 9.4 12.6 18.4 24.7 29.3 34.6
More specifications
Maximum cable size (mains, motor, brake)
4(12) 16(6)
[mm2(AWG)]
7 7 Estimated power loss at rated maximum load

[W]1)
115.5 157.5 192.8 289.5 393.4 402.8 467.5
Weight enclosure protection rating IP20 [kg (lb)] 3.6 (7.9) 3.6 (7.9) 4.1 (9.0) 9.4 (20.7) 9.5 (20.9) 12.3 (27.1) 12.5 (27.6)
Efficiency [%]2) 97.6 97.7 98.0 97.8 97.8 98.1 97.9
Table 7.2 Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC

1) The typical power loss is at nominal load conditions and expected to be within ±15% (tolerance relates to variety in voltage and cable
conditions).
Values are based on a typical motor efficiency (IE2/IE3 border line). Motors with lower efficiency add to the power loss in the frequency converter,
and motors with high efficiency reduce power loss.
Applies to dimensioning of frequency converter cooling. If the switching frequency is higher than the default setting, the power losses sometimes
rise. LCP and typical control card power consumptions are included. Further options and customer load sometimes add up to 30 W to the losses
(though typically only 4 W extra for a fully loaded control card or fieldbus).
For power loss data according to EN 50598-2, refer to www.danfoss.com/vltenergyefficiency.
2) Measured using 50 m (164 ft) shielded motor cables at rated load and rated frequency. For energy efficiency class, see chapter 7.4 Ambient
Conditions. For part load losses, see www.danfoss.com/vltenergyefficiency.
7.2 Mains Supply (3-phase)

Mains supply (L1, L2, L3)
Supply terminals L1, L2, L3
Supply voltage 380–480 V: -15% (-25%)1) to +10%
1) The frequency converter can run at -25% input voltage with reduced performance. The maximum output power of the
frequency converter is 75% if input voltage is -25%, and 85% if input voltage is -15%.
Full torque cannot be expected at mains voltage lower than 10% below the lowest rated supply voltage of the frequency
converter.
Supply frequency 50/60 Hz ±5%
Maximum imbalance temporary between mains phases 3.0% of rated supply voltage
True power factor (λ) ≥0.9 nominal at rated load
Displacement power factor (cos ϕ) Near unity (>0.98)
Switching on input supply L1, L2, L3 (power-ups) ≤7.5 kW Maximum 2 times/minute
Switching on input supply L1, L2, L3 (power-ups) 11–22 kW Maximum 1 time/minute
The unit is suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering less than 5000 RMS symmetrical Amperes, 480 V maximum.

7.3 Motor Output and Motor Data

Motor output (U, V, W)
Output voltage 0–100% of supply voltage
Output frequency 0–500 Hz
Output frequency in VVC+ mode 0–200 Hz
Switching on output Unlimited
Ramp time 0.01–3600 s
Torque characteristics
Starting torque (constant torque) Maximum 160% for 60 s1)
Overload torque (constant torque) Maximum 160% for 60 s1)
Starting current Maximum 200% for 1 s
Torque rise time in VVC+ mode (independent of fsw) Maximum 50 ms
1) Percentage relates to the nominal torque.
7.4 Ambient Conditions

Ambient conditions
7 7
IP class IP20
Vibration test, all enclosure sizes 1.0 g
Relative humidity 5–95% (IEC 721-3-3; Class 3K3 (non-condensing) during operation
Ambient temperature (at DPWM switching mode)
- with derating Maximum 55 °C (131 °F)1)2)
- at full constant output current with some power size Maximum 50 °C (122 °F)
- at full constant output current Maximum 45 °C (113 °F)
Minimum ambient temperature during full-scale operation 0 °C (32 °F)
Minimum ambient temperature at reduced performance -10 °C (14 °F)
Temperature during storage/transport -25 to +65/70 °C (-13 to +149/158 °F)
Maximum altitude above sea level without derating 1000 m (3280 ft)
Maximum altitude above sea level with derating 3000 m (9243 ft)
EN 61800-3, EN 61000-3-2, EN 61000-3-3, EN 61000-3-11,
EMC standards, emission EN 61000-3-12, EN 61000-6-3/4, EN 55011, IEC 61800-3
EN 61800-3, EN 61000-6-1/2, EN 61000-4-2, EN 61000-4-3
EMC standards, immunity EN 61000-4-4, EN 61000-4-5, EN 61000-4-6, EN 61326-3-1
Energy efficiency class 3) IE2
1) Refer to chapter 7.12 Special Conditions for:
• Derating for high ambient temperature.
• Derating for high altitude.
2) For PROFIBUS, PROFINET, and EtherNet/IP variant of VLT® Midi Drive FC 280, to prevent the control card from overtemperature,
avoid full digital/analog I/O load at ambient temperature higher than 45 °C (113 °F).
3) Determined according to EN 50598-2 at:
• Rated load.
• 90% rated frequency.
• Switching frequency factory setting.
• Switching pattern factory setting.
• Open type: Surrounding air temperature 45 °C (113 °F).
• Type 1 (NEMA kit): Ambient temperature 45 °C (113 °F).

7.5 Cable Specifications

Cable lengths and cross-sections1)
Maximum motor cable length, shielded 50 m (164 ft)
Maximum motor cable length, unshielded 75 m (246 ft)
Maximum cross-section of control terminals, flexible/rigid wire 2.5 mm2/14 AWG
Minimum cross-section of control terminals 0.55 mm2/30 AWG
Maximum STO input cable length, unshielded 20 m (66 ft)
1) For power cables, see Table 7.1 and Table 7.2.
7.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data

Digital inputs
Terminal number 18, 19, 271), 29, 32, 33
Logic PNP or NPN
Voltage level 0–24 V DC
Voltage level, logic 0 PNP <5 V DC
7 7 Voltage level, logic 1 PNP
Voltage level, logic 0 NPN
>10 V DC
>19 V DC
Voltage level, logic 1 NPN <14 V DC
Maximum voltage on input 28 V DC
Pulse frequency range 4–32 kHz
(Duty cycle) minimum pulse width 4.5 ms
Input resistance, Ri Approximately 4 kΩ
1) Terminal 27 can also be programmed as output.
STO inputs
Terminal number 37, 38
Voltage level 0–30 V DC
Voltage level, low <1.8 V DC
Voltage level, high >20 V DC
Minimum input current (each pin) 6 mA
Analog inputs
Number of analog inputs 2
Terminal number 531),
54
Modes Voltage or current
Mode select Software
Voltage level 0–10 V
Input resistance, Ri Approximately 10 kΩ
Maximum voltage -15 V to +20 V
Current level 0/4 to 20 mA (scaleable)
Input resistance, Ri Approximately 200 Ω
Maximum current 30 mA
Resolution for analog inputs 11 bit
Accuracy of analog inputs Maximum error 0.5% of full scale
Bandwidth 100 Hz
The analog inputs are galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.
1) Terminal 53 supports only voltage mode and can also be used as digital input.

130BE837.10
PELV isolation
37
Control Mains
38
High
voltage Motor
33
Functional
isolation
RS485 DC bus
Illustration 7.1 Galvanic Isolation
NOTICE
HIGH ALTITUDE
For installation at altitudes above 2000 m (6562 ft), contact Danfoss hotline regarding PELV.
Pulse inputs
Programmable pulse inputs 2 7 7
Terminal number pulse 29, 33
Maximum frequency at terminal 29, 33 32 kHz (push-pull driven)
Maximum frequency at terminal 29, 33 5 kHz (open collector)
Minimum frequency at terminal 29, 33 4 Hz
Voltage level See the section on digital input
Input resistance, Ri Approximately 4 kΩ
Pulse input accuracy (4–32 kHz) Maximum error: 0.1% of full scale
Digital outputs
Programmable digital/pulse outputs 1
Terminal number 271)
Voltage level at digital/frequency output 0–24 V
Maximum output current (sink or source) 40 mA
Maximum load at frequency output 1 kΩ
Maximum capacitive load at frequency output 10 nF
Minimum output frequency at frequency output 4 Hz
Maximum output frequency at frequency output 32 kHz
Accuracy of frequency output Maximum error: 0.1% of full scale
Resolution of frequency output 10 bit
1) Terminal 27 can also be programmed as input.
The digital output is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.
Analog outputs
Number of programmable analog outputs 1
Terminal number 42
Current range at analog output 0/4–20 mA
Maximum resistor load to common at analog output 500 Ω
Accuracy on analog output Maximum error: 0.8% of full scale
Resolution on analog output 10 bit
The analog output is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.

Control card, 24 V DC output

Terminal number 12, 13
Maximum load 100 mA
The 24 V DC supply is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV). However, the supply has the same potential as the
analog and digital inputs and outputs.
Control card, +10 V DC output

Terminal number 50
Output voltage 10.5 V ±0.5 V
Maximum load 15 mA
The 10 V DC supply is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.
Control card, RS485 serial communication

Terminal number 68 (P,TX+, RX+), 69 (N,TX-, RX-)
Terminal number 61 Common for terminals 68 and 69
The RS485 serial communication circuit is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV).
Control card, USB serial communication
7 7 USB standard
USB plug
1.1 (full speed)
USB type B plug
Connection to PC is carried out via a standard host/device USB cable.
The USB connection is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.
The USB ground connection is not galvanically isolated from protective earth. Use only an isolated laptop as PC connection to
the USB connector on the frequency converter.
Relay outputs
Programmable relay outputs 1
Relay 01 01–03 (NC), 01–02 (NO)
Maximum terminal load (AC-1)1) on 01–02 (NO) (resistive load) 250 V AC, 3 A
Maximum terminal load (AC-15)1) on 01–02 (NO) (inductive load @ cosφ 0.4) 250 V AC, 0.2 A
Maximum terminal load (DC-1)1) on 01–02 (NO) (resistive load) 30 V DC, 2 A
Maximum terminal load (DC-13)1) on 01–02 (NO) (inductive load) 24 V DC, 0.1 A
Maximum terminal load (AC-1)1) on 01–03 (NC) (resistive load) 250 V AC, 3 A
Maximum terminal load (AC-15)1)on 01–03 (NC) (inductive load @ cosφ 0.4) 250 V AC, 0.2 A
Maximum terminal load (DC-1)1) on 01–03 (NC) (resistive load) 30 V DC, 2 A
Minimum terminal load on 01–03 (NC), 01–02 (NO) 24 V DC 10 mA, 24 V AC 20 mA
1) IEC 60947 parts 4 and 5
The relay contacts are galvanically isolated from the rest of the circuit by reinforced isolation.
Control card performance

Scan interval 1 ms
Control characteristics
Resolution of output frequency at 0–500 Hz ±0.003 Hz
System response time (terminals 18, 19, 27, 29, 32, and 33) ≤2 ms
Speed control range (open loop) 1:100 of synchronous speed
Speed accuracy (open loop) ±0.5% of nominal speed
Speed accuracy (closed loop) ±0.1% of nominal speed
All control characteristics are based on a 4-pole asynchronous motor.

7.7 Connection Tightening Torques

Make sure to use the right torques when tightening all electrical connections. Too low or too high torque sometimes causes
electrical connection problems. To ensure that correct torques are applied, use a torque wrench. Recommended slot
screwdriver type is SZS 0.6x3.5 mm.
Torque [Nm (in-lb)]

Enclosure
Power [kW (hp)] Mains Motor DC connection Brake Ground Control/relay
type
K1 0.37–2.2 (0.5–3.0) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 1.6 (14.2) 0.5 (4.4)
K2 3.0–5.5 (4.0–7.5) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 1.6 (14.2) 0.5 (4.4)
K3 7.5 (10) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 1.6 (14.2) 0.5 (4.4)
K4 11–15 (15–20) 1.2 (10.6) 1.2 (10.6) 1.2 (10.6) 1.2 (10.6) 1.6 (14.2) 0.5 (4.4)
K5 18.5–22 (25–30) 1.2 (10.6) 1.2 (10.6) 1.2 (10.6) 1.2 (10.6) 1.6 (14.2) 0.5 (4.4)
Table 7.3 Tightening Torques
7.8 Fuses and Circuit Breakers NOTICE

Use fuses and/or circuit breakers on the supply side to
EQUIPMENT DAMAGE 7 7
Using fuses and/or circuit breakers is mandatory to
protect service personnel and equipment from injuries and
ensure compliance with IEC 60364 for CE. Failure to
damage if there is component breakdown inside the
follow the protection recommendations can result in
frequency converter (first fault).
damage to the frequency converter.
Branch circuit protection

Danfoss recommends using the fuses and circuit breakers
Protect all branch circuits in an installation (including
in Table 7.4 to ensure compliance with UL or IEC 61800-5-1.
switch gear and machines) against short circuit and
For non-UL applications, design circuit breakers for
overcurrent according to national/international regulations.
protection in a circuit capable of delivering a maximum of
NOTICE 50000 Arms (symmetrical), 400 V. The frequency converter
Integral solid-state short-circuit protection does not short-circuit current rating (SCCR) is suitable for use on a
provide branch circuit protection. Provide branch circuit circuit capable of delivering not more than 100000 Arms,
protection in accordance with the national and local 480 V maximum when protected by T-Class fuses.
rules and regulations.
Table 7.4 lists the recommended fuses and circuit breakers

that have been tested.
CAUTION
PERSONAL INJURY AND EQUIPMENT DAMAGE RISK
Malfunction or failing to follow the recommendations
may result in personal risk, and damage to the frequency
converter and other equipment.
• Select fuses according to recommendations.
Possible damage can be limited to be inside the

Enclosure size Power [kW (hp)] Non-UL fuse Non-UL circuit breaker UL fuse
0.37 (0.5) JJS-3
0.55–0.75 gG-10
JJS-6
(0.74–1.0)
K1 PKZM0-16
1.1–1.5
JJS-10
(1.48–2.0) gG-20
2.2 (3.0) JJS-15
3.0–5.5
K2 gG-25 PKZM0-20 JJS-25
(4.0–7.5)
7.5
K3 gG-25 PKZM0-25 JJS-25
(10)
11–15
K4 gG-50 – JJS-50
(15–20)
18.5–22
K5 gG-80 – JJS-80
(25–30)
Table 7.4 Fuse and Circuit Breaker, 380–480 V
7 7 7.9 Efficiency Efficiency of the motor (ηMOTOR)

The efficiency of a motor connected to the frequency
Efficiency of the frequency converter (ηVLT) converter depends on the magnetizing level. In general,
The load on the frequency converter has little effect on its the efficiency is as good as with mains operation. The
efficiency. In general, the efficiency is the same at the efficiency of the motor depends on the type of motor.
rated motor frequency fM,N. This rule also applies even if
In the range of 75–100% of the rated torque, the efficiency
the motor supplies 100% of the rated shaft torque or only
of the motor is practically constant, both when controlled
75%, for example if there is part loads.
by the frequency converter and when running directly on
This also means that the efficiency of the frequency mains.
converter does not change even if other U/f characteristics
In small motors, the influence from the U/f characteristic
are selected.
on efficiency is marginal. However, in motors from 11 kW
However, the U/f characteristics influence the efficiency of
(14.8 hp) and up, the advantages are significant.
the motor.
In general, the switching frequency does not affect the
The efficiency declines a little when the switching
efficiency of small motors. Motors from 11 kW (14.8 hp)
frequency is set to a value above the default value. If the
and up have their efficiency improved 1–2% because the
mains voltage is 480 V, or if the motor cable is longer than
sine shape of the motor current is almost perfect at high
30 m (98.4 ft), the efficiency is also slightly reduced.
switching frequency.
Frequency converter efficiency calculation
Efficiency of the system (ηSYSTEM)
Calculate the efficiency of the frequency converter at
To calculate the system efficiency, the efficiency of the
different loads based on Illustration 7.2. Multiply the factor
frequency converter (ηVLT) is multiplied by the efficiency of
in Illustration 7.2 by the specific efficiency factor listed in
the motor (ηMOTOR):
the specification tables in chapter 7.1 Power-dependent
ηSYSTEM = ηVLT x ηMOTOR
Specifications:
130BB252.11
1.01
1.0
0.99
Relative Efficiency
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%
% Speed
100% load 75% load 50% load 25% load
Illustration 7.2 Typical Efficiency Curves

7.10 Acoustic Noise Cable Mains

length voltage Rise time UPEAK dU/dt
The acoustic noise from the frequency converter comes [m (ft)] [V] [μsec] [kV] [kV/μsec]
from 3 sources: 5 (16.4) 400 0.0904 0.718 6.41
• DC intermediate circuit coils. 50 (164) 400 0.292 1.05 2.84
• Integral fan. 5 (16.4) 480 0.108 0.835 6.20
50 (164) 480 0.32 1.25 3.09
• RFI filter choke.
The typical values measured at a distance of 1 m (3.3 ft) Table 7.6 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 2.2 kW (3.0 hp), 3x380–480 V
from the unit:
Cable Mains
Enclosure size 80% fan Full fan speed Background length voltage Rise time UPEAK dU/dt
[kW (hp)] speed [dBA] [dBA] noise [m (ft)] [V] [μsec] [kV] [kV/μsec]
K1 5 (16.4) 400 0.096 0.632 5.31

0.37–2.2 41.4 42.7 33 50 (164) 400 0.306 0.99 2.58
(0.5–3.0) 5 (16.4) 480 0.118 0.694 4.67
K2 50 (164) 480 0.308 1.18 3.05
50.3 54.3 32.9
3.0–5.5 (4.0–7.5)
K3
51 54.2 33
Table 7.7 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 5.5 kW (7.5 hp), 3x380–480 V
7 7
7.5 (10)
Cable Mains
K4
59 61.1 32.9 length voltage Rise time UPEAK dU/dt
11–15 (15–20)
[m (ft)] [V] [μsec] [kV] [kV/μsec]
K5
64.6 65.6 32.9 5 (16.4) 400 0.128 0.732 4.54
18.5–22 (25–30)
50 (164) 400 0.354 1.01 2.27
Table 7.5 Typical Measured Values 5 (16.4) 480 0.134 0.835 5.03
50 (164) 480 0.36 1.21 2.69
7.11 dU/dt Conditions Table 7.8 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 7.5 kW (10 hp), 3x380–480 V
When a transistor in the frequency converter bridge
Cable Mains
switches, the voltage across the motor increases by a
dU/dt ratio depending on the following factors:
• The motor cable type.
5 (16.4) 400 0.26 0.84 2.57
• The cross-section of the motor cable.
50 (164) 400 0.738 1.07 1.15
• The length of the motor cable. 5 (16.4) 480 0.334 0.99 2.36
50 (164) 480 0.692 1.25 1.44
• Whether the motor cable is shielded or not.
• Inductance. Table 7.9 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 15 kW (20 hp), 3x380–480 V
The natural induction causes an overshoot UPEAK in the
motor voltage before it stabilizes itself at a level Cable Mains
depending on the voltage in the DC link. The rise time and length voltage Rise time UPEAK dU/dt
the peak voltage UPEAK affect the service life of the motor. [m (ft)] [V] [μsec] [kV] [kV/μsec]
If the peak voltage is too high, motors without phase coil 5 (16.4) 400 0.258 0.652 2.01
insulation are affected. The longer the motor cable, the 50 (164) 400 0.38 1.03 2.15
higher the rise time and peak voltage. 5 (16.4) 480 0.258 0.752 2.34
50 (164) 480 0.4 1.23 2.42
Switching of the IGBTs cause peak voltage on the motor
Table 7.10 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 22 kW (30 hp), 3x380–480 V
terminals. The FC 280 complies with IEC 60034-25
regarding motors designed to be controlled by frequency
Cable Mains
converters. The FC 280 also complies with IEC 60034-17
regarding Norm motors controlled by frequency converters.
The following dU/dt data are measured at the motor
5 (16.4) 240 0.0712 0.484 5.44
terminal side:
50 (164) 240 0.224 0.594 2.11

Cable Mains
130BE889.10
K1 Derating Curve
length voltage Rise time UPEAK dU/dt 100%
[m (ft)] [V] [μsec] [kV] [kV/μsec] 90%
5 (16.4) 240 0.072 0.468 5.25 80%
50 (164) 240 0.208 0.592 2.28 70%
Output Current
60%
Table 7.12 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 2.2 kW (3.0 hp), 3x200–240 V 50% 45C
40% 50C
Cable Mains
30% 55C
20%
10%
5 (16.4) 240 0.092 0.526 4.56
0%
50 (164) 240 0.28 0.6 1.72 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Switching Frequency [kHz]
Illustration 7.3 K1 Derating Curve
Cable Mains
130BE890.10
K2 Derating Curve
7 7 [m (ft)]
5 (16.4)
[V]
240
[μsec]
0.088
[kV]
0.414
[kV/μsec]
3.79 100%
90%
50 (164) 240 0.196 0.593 2.41
80%
70%
Output Current
60%
Cable Mains 50% 45C

length voltage Rise time UPEAK dU/dt 40% 50C
[m (ft)] [V] [μsec] [kV] [kV/μsec] 30% 55C
5 (16.4) 240 0.112 0.368 2.64 20%

10%
50 (164) 240 0.116 0.362 2.51
0%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

7.12 Special Conditions
Under some special conditions, where the operation of the
frequency converter is challenged, consider derating. In
130BE891.10
K3 Derating Curve
some conditions, derating must be done manually. 100%
In other conditions, the frequency converter automatically 90%
performs a degree of derating when necessary. Derating is 80%
done to ensure the performance at critical stages where 70%
Output Current
the alternative could be a trip. 60%

50% 45C
7.12.1 Manual Derating 40% 50C
30% 55C
Manual derating must be considered for: 20%
• Air pressure – for installation at altitudes above 10%
1000 m (3281 ft). 0%

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
• Motor speed – at continuous operation at low Switching Frequency [kHz]
RPM in constant torque applications.
• Ambient temperature – above 45 °C (113 °F), for
details, see Illustration 7.3, Illustration 7.4,
Illustration 7.5, Illustration 7.6, and Illustration 7.7.

130BE892.10
K4 Derating Curve
100%
90%
80%
70%
Output Current
60%
50% 45C
40% 50C
30% 55C
20%
10%
0%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

130BE893.10
K5 Derating Curve
100% 7 7
90%
80%
70%
Output Current
60%
50% 45C
40% 50C
30% 55C
20%
10%
0%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
7.12.2 Automatic Derating
The frequency converter constantly checks for critical

levels:
• Critical high temperature on the heat sink.
• High motor load.
• Low motor speed.
• Protection signals (overvoltage/undervoltage,
overcurrent, ground fault, and short circuit) are
triggered.
As a response to a critical level, the frequency converter
adjusts the switching frequency.

Index VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
Index Directive, EMC.......................................................................................... 9

Directive, Low Voltage........................................................................... 9
A Directive, Machinery.............................................................................. 9
AC input................................................................................................... 15 Discharge time...................................................................................... 10
Acoustic noise........................................................................................ 83
Additional resources.............................................................................. 6 E
AMA.............................................................................................................. 7 Efficiency.................................................................................................. 82
AMA with T27 connected.................................................................. 46 Electronic thermal relay........................................................................ 8
see also ETR
Ambient condition............................................................................... 77
EMC............................................................................................................ 77
Analog feedback................................................................................... 23
EMC Directive........................................................................................... 9
Analog reference.................................................................................. 23
EMC emission introduction............................................................... 36
Automatic motor adaptation.............................................................. 7
EMC immunity requirement............................................................. 38
B EMC precaution..................................................................................... 55
Brake function........................................................................................ 42 EMC test result....................................................................................... 37
Brake power....................................................................................... 7, 42 Energy efficiency............................................................................ 75, 76
Brake resistor.............................................................................. 7, 41, 73 Energy efficiency class........................................................................ 77
Branch circuit protection................................................................... 81 ETR......................................................................................................... 8, 44

see also Electronic thermal relay
Break-away torque.................................................................................. 7
Extreme running condition............................................................... 43
Bus reference.......................................................................................... 23
F
C
FC profile
Cable length........................................................................................... 78 FC profile............................................................................................. 68
Cable size................................................................................................. 14 FC with Modbus RTU...................................................................... 56
Protocol overview............................................................................ 55
Catch up/slow down........................................................................... 22
Floating delta......................................................................................... 15
CE mark....................................................................................................... 9
Freeze output........................................................................................... 6
Coast............................................................................................................ 6
Freeze reference.................................................................................... 22
Coasting............................................................................................ 68, 69
Function code........................................................................................ 64
Control
Characteristic..................................................................................... 80 Fuse............................................................................................................ 81
word...................................................................................................... 68
Wiring................................................................................................... 17 G
Control card GLCP control key................................................................................... 20
+10 V DC output............................................................................... 80
Performance...................................................................................... 80 Grounded delta..................................................................................... 15
RS485 serial communication....................................................... 80 Grounding........................................................................................ 14, 15
USB serial communication............................................................ 80
Control structure H
Open loop........................................................................................... 20
Hardware set-up................................................................................... 55
Cross-section.......................................................................................... 78
Hold output frequency....................................................................... 68
Customer relay...................................................................................... 52
D I
IEC 61800-3...................................................................................... 15, 77
Data type, supported.......................................................................... 58
IND............................................................................................................. 58
DC brake.................................................................................................. 68
Index (IND).............................................................................................. 58
Dead band............................................................................................... 24
Dead band around 0........................................................................... 24
Derating................................................................................................... 77

Index Design Guide
Input Outputs
Current................................................................................................. 15 Analog output.............................................................................. 7, 79
Power.................................................................................................... 15 Digital output.................................................................................... 79
Terminal............................................................................................... 15
Inputs P
Analog input................................................................................. 7, 78
Digital input................................................................................ 20, 78 Parameter number (PNU).................................................................. 58
Pulse input.......................................................................................... 79 PELV.................................................................................................... 48, 80
Intermediate circuit...................................................................... 44, 83 PELV, protective extra low voltage................................................. 39
Intermittent duty cycle......................................................................... 8 Power cycle............................................................................................... 8
Internal current control, VVC+ mode............................................ 20 Preset reference.................................................................................... 23
Process PID control.............................................................................. 30
J Protection................................................................................................ 39
Jog......................................................................................................... 6, 68 Pulse feedback....................................................................................... 23
Pulse reference.................................................................................. 7, 23
L
LCP.................................................................................................... 6, 8, 20 Q
Leakage current.................................................................................... 39 Qualified personnel............................................................................. 10
Low Voltage Directive........................................................................... 9
R
M Rated motor current.............................................................................. 6
Machinery Directive............................................................................... 9 Rated motor speed................................................................................. 7
Mains RCD............................................................................................................... 8
AC mains............................................................................................. 15
Isolated mains................................................................................... 15 Read holding registers (03 hex)....................................................... 66
drop-out.............................................................................................. 44 Reference limit....................................................................................... 22
Supply..................................................................................................... 8
Relay output........................................................................................... 80
Supply (L1, L2, L3)............................................................................ 76
Supply data........................................................................................ 75 Reset alarm............................................................................................. 20
Mechanical holding brake................................................................. 40 RFI filter.................................................................................................... 15
Modbus communication................................................................... 55 Rise time.................................................................................................. 83
Modbus exception code.................................................................... 64 RS485
RS485............................................................................................. 54, 56
Modbus RTU........................................................................................... 60
installation and set-up................................................................... 54
Modbus RTU overview....................................................................... 60
Moment of inertia................................................................................ 44 S
Motor Safety precautions............................................................................... 10
Cable..................................................................................................... 14
output.................................................................................................. 77 Serial communication.................................................................... 7, 80
phase.................................................................................................... 43 Short circuit............................................................................................ 43
thermal protection................................................................... 44, 70
SIL2............................................................................................................... 9
voltage................................................................................................. 83
Motor-generated overvoltage.................................................... 44 SILCL of SIL2.............................................................................................. 9
Slip compensation.................................................................................. 8
N Special conditions................................................................................ 84
Network configuration....................................................................... 60 Speed PID......................................................................................... 17, 20
Network connection............................................................................ 54 Speed PID control................................................................................. 27
NLCP control key................................................................................... 20 Speed reference.................................................................................... 46
Standard and compliance for STO.................................................... 9
O Static overload in VVC+ mode......................................................... 44
Open loop............................................................................................... 80 Status word............................................................................................. 69
Output current...................................................................................... 79

Index VLT® Midi Drive FC 280
STO
Activation............................................................................................ 51
Automatic restart...................................................................... 51, 52
Commissioning test........................................................................ 51
Deactivation....................................................................................... 51
Maintenance...................................................................................... 52
Manual restart............................................................................ 51, 52
Technical data................................................................................... 53
Supply voltage....................................................................................... 79
Switching on the output.................................................................... 43
Synchronous motor speed.................................................................. 7
T
Telegram length (LGE)......................................................................... 56
Terminal tightening torque.............................................................. 81
Thermistor.......................................................................................... 8, 48
Torque
characteristic..................................................................................... 77
control.................................................................................................. 17
Trip................................................................................................................ 8
V
Voltage level........................................................................................... 78
VVC+..................................................................................................... 9, 20

Index Design Guide

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*MG07B102*
132R0142 MG07B102 03/2016

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MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE

MG07B102 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. 1

2.5.5 Process Controller Optimization 34

4 Safe Torque Off (STO) 49

2 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. MG07B102

5 RS485 Installation and Set-up 54

MG07B102 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. 3

5.8.7 CRC Check Field 62

6 Type Code and Selection 72

4 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. MG07B102

7.11 dU/dt Conditions 83

MG07B102 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. 5

1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide 1.3 Definitions

1.2 Additional Resources 1.3.3 Motor

6 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. MG07B102

nM,N Preset reference 1 1

MG07B102 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. 7

1 1 ETR Power factor =

8 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. MG07B102

• The EMC Directive. • EN ISO 13849-1: 2008 Category 3 PL d

• The Machinery Directive (for units with an

MG07B102 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. 9

Refer to the operating instructions shipped with the unit,

10 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. MG07B102

Table 2.1 Enclosure Sizes

MG07B102 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. 11

2.2 Electrical Installation

Illustration 2.1 Basic Wiring Schematic Drawing

12 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. MG07B102

Status Quick Main

Illustration 2.2 Typical Electrical Connection

MG07B102 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. 13

2.2.1 Motor Connection

• Run output motor cables separately.

14 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. MG07B102

2.2.2 AC Mains Connection

• Size the wiring based on the input current of the

MG07B102 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. 15

2.2.3 Control Terminal Types Terminal Parameter

16 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. MG07B102

MG07B102 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. 17

works for 2 directions. The torque is calculated

18 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. MG07B102

2.3.2 Control Principle

Illustration 2.9 Control Diagram

2.3.3 Control Structure in VVC+

P 7-20 Process feedback + Speed Motor

MG07B102 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. 19

Illustration 2.11 GLCP Control Keys

Hand Off Auto

Illustration 2.12 NLCP Control Keys

Local reference forces the configuration mode to open

Local reference is restored when the frequency converter

20 Danfoss A/S © 03/2016 All rights reserved. MG07B102

2.4 Reference Handling

Local bus ref.

(2) P 5-1x(19)/P 5-1x(20)

(4) Freeze ref./Freeze output

External '0' min ref. Scale to