Technical Drawing

INTRODUCTION
Introduction
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Engineering graphics provide means to expression of thoughts and concepts

involving geometrical shapes and design between the designers (engineers) and
fabricators (vendors). Drawing is a tool to communicate ideas.
 Standards provide the common language!

Reference: https://www.scribd.com/document/252336611/IMPORTANCE-OF-ENGINEERING-DRAWING
https://www.bamb2020.eu/topics/circular-built-environement/common-language/
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

Reference: https://www.quora.com/Why-do-we-use-hidden-lines-in-engineering-drawing
 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Reference: https://www.cemka.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/isologo.png
 BASKENT UNIVERSITY MUH122 Technical Drawing Introduction

TECHNICAL DRAWING
 Technical drawing/drafting, is the act and discipline of composing drawings
that visually communicate how something functions or is constructed.
 Technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in industry and
engineering.
 To make the drawings easier to understand, people use familiar symbols,
perspectives, units of measurement, notation systems, visual styles, and page
layout.
 Together, such conventions constitute a visual language and help to ensure that
the drawing is unambiguous and relatively easy to understand. Unambiguous: Kesin

 Many of the symbols and principles of technical drawing are codified in an

international standard called ISO 128.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing
 BASKENT UNIVERSITY MUH122 Technical Drawing Introduction

TECHNICAL DRAWING
 The need for precise communication in the preparation of a functional
document distinguishes technical drawing from the expressive drawing of the
visual arts.
 Artistic drawings are subjectively interpreted; their meanings are multiply
determined.
 Technical drawings are understood to have one intended meaning.

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ce/09/04/ce0904dab86022c0df653457ba18c033.jpg

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/de/5f/4f/de5f4f3869c8adea71b2fdadfeb124c6.jpg
 DRAFTING METHOD
 The basic drafting procedure is to place a piece of paper (or other material) on a
smooth surface with right-angle corners and straight sides—typically a drawing
board.
 A sliding straightedge known as a T-square is then placed on one of the sides,
allowing it to be slid across the side of the table, and over the surface of the
paper.
 In addition, the drafter uses several technical drawing tools to draw curves and
circles.
 Drafting templates assist the drafter with creating recurring objects in a drawing
without having to reproduce the object from scratch every time.

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing
 BASIC DRAFTING TOOLS

Reference: https://www.amazon.com/Drafting-Students-Architecture-Protractor-Mechanical/dp/B07N4P7TLL https://peopleareartists.com/

 PEN SIZE STANDARD
 The standard sizes for technical drawings pens also differ by a factor √2, ie.
2.00 mm, 1.40 mm, 1.00 mm, 0.70 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.18
mm, 0.13 mm.

 For example, after drawing with a 0.35 mm pen on A3 paper and reducing it to
A4, you can continue with the 0.25 mm pen (ISO 9175-1).
Reference: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Technical_drawing
 PAPER SIZE STANDARD
 Series of A, B, C
 The A-series was derived from a rectangle piece of paper (A0) having an area
of 1 m2, the length of whose sides are in the proportion 1:√2 (1: 1.4142).

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 PAPER FOLDING

Reference: https://steemit.com/engineering/@engineercampus/8-steps-to-your-engineering-drawings
 DRAWING SHEET
 Standard layouts of
drawing sheets are
specified by the various
standards organizations.
 This is the layout of a
typical sheet, showing the
drawing frame, the
microfilm camera
alignment marks, a typical
title block, parts list and
revision table.
Reference: https://www.draftsperson.net/index.php?title=Drawing_Sheet_Layout_%28Metric%29
 DRAWING SHEET

Reference: https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/toolboxes/toolbox905/2_draw/draw_t2/htm/draw2_2_2g1.htm
 SCALING

 There is a need to reduce or enlarge while drawing the objects on paper. Some
objects can be drawn to their actual size.
 The proportion by which the drawing of an object is enlarged or reduced is
called the scale of the drawing.
 A scale is defined as the ratio of the linear dimensions of the object as
represented in a drawing to the actual dimensions of the same.
 Drawings drawn with the same size as the objects are called full sized drawing.
It is not convenient, always, to draw drawings of the object to its actual size.
e.g. Buildings, Heavy machines, Bridges, Watches, Electronic devices etc.
 Scale = Length of an Object on the Drawing / Actual Length of the Object

Reference: http://caddforyou.blogspot.com/2015/06/scaling-in-engineering-drawing.html
 SCALING
 Hence scales are used to prepare drawing at:
 Full size
 Reduced size
 Enlarged size
 BIS Recommended Scales are as below:

Reference: http://caddforyou.blogspot.com/2015/06/scaling-in-engineering-drawing.html https://images.slideplayer.com/33/10120705/slides/slide_5.jpg

 SCALING

Reference: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scales-140529132828-phpapp02/95/scales-2-638.jpg?cb=1401370236
 SYMBOLIC LINES

Reference: Shah, M.B., and Rana, B.C. (2009). Engineering Drawing. Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c9/be/9c/c9be9c322c41a0d8ce27f3eb6664fdff.png
 SYMBOLIC LINE: TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

Reference: Shah, M.B., and Rana, B.C. (2009). Engineering Drawing. Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Traditional Drafting
 TRADITIONAL DRAFTING EXAMPLES

 Angles

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 TRADITIONAL DRAFTING EXAMPLES

 Drawing an Equilateral Triangle

gönye
Reference: https://slideplayer.com/slide/13288422/
 TRADITIONAL DRAFTING EXAMPLES

 Divide a Segment into n Equal Parts (Partitions)

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 TRADITIONAL DRAFTING EXAMPLES

 Drawing Parallel Lines

Pergel ve Gönye Metodu

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 TRADITIONAL DRAFTING EXAMPLES

 Drawing an Internal Tangent to Two Circles

Reference: https://www.mathopenref.com/consttangentsint.html
 TRADITIONAL DRAFTING EXAMPLES

 Drawing an External Tangent to Two Circles

Reference: https://www.mathopenref.com/consttangentsint.html
BASKENT UNIVERSITY MUH122 Technical Drawing Introduction

CAD Drafting
 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

 Computer Aided Design (CAD): refers to the use of computers to create

graphical representations of physical objects to assist in the design process.
 It can also refer to the use of computers to prepare presentational images or to
prepare production information enabling objects to be manufactured, although
sometimes this is referred to as computer aided drafting as it does not
necessarily involve designing.
 In combination, these processes may be referred to as computer-aided design
and drafting (CADD).
 CAD can be used to create 2D or 3D representations, and can also be used to
generate animations and other presentational material.

Reference: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Technical_drawing
 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN/DRAFTING (CADD)
 Today, the mechanics of the drafting task have largely been automated and
accelerated through the use of computer-aided design systems (CAD).
 There are two types of computer-aided design systems used for the production
of technical drawings: two dimensions ("2D") and three dimensions ("3D").
 2D CAD systems such as AutoCAD or MicroStation replace the paper
drawing discipline. The lines, circles, arcs, and curves are created within
the software. A 2D CAD system is merely an electronic drawing board.
 A 3D CAD system (such as KeyCreator, Autodesk Inventor, or
SolidWorks) first produces the geometry of the part; the technical drawing
comes from user defined views of that geometry. Any orthographic,
projected or sectioned view is created by the software.
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 ADVANTAGES OF CAD
 Improve the speed of production.
 Improve the quality of drawn information.
 Reduce development costs.
 Generate visualizations during the design process to help decision making.
 Improve accuracy.
 Reduce errors.
 Enable changes to be made more easily and so facilitate the consideration of a
wider range of options.
 Allow drawings to be generated at a wide range of scales, and with the addition
of accurate information such as dimensions.
 Allow easy re-use of information.
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 DISADVANTAGES OF CAD

 Work can be lost because of the sudden breakdown of computers

 Work is prone to viruses
 Work could be easily “hacked”
 Time taking process to know how to operate or run the software
 High production or purchasing cost for new systems
 Time and cost of training the staff which will work on it
 Need of regular updating of software or operating systems
 Needs less employment because of CAD/CAM systems

CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing

Reference: https://www.arcvertex.com/article/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-computer-aided-design-cad/
 STANDARD METHODS AND PROCEDURES
 Effective use of CAD means the ability to share and re-use information, and
this requires the disciplined application of agreed standards of drawing
preparation across project teams. Thus effective use of CAD is both about
collaborative practices and software.
 Project standards can be formalized as standard methods and procedures
(SMP's) which should be agreed as early in the project as possible and should
describe how information is structured, how it will be produced and how it will
be managed and exchanged.
 The great variety in the extent to which CAD (and BIM) can be used on a
project means that it is important to clearly define what is expected and to set
this out in tender documents and appointment documents.
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 STANDARD METHODS AND PROCEDURES

 The SMP might include agreed standards and procedures for:

 Software  Dimensions, abbreviations and

 Layering symbols
 Zoning  File structure and file naming
 Co-ordination  Standard templates (for example,
 Origin drawing titles)
 Orientation  Page sizes and scales
 Fonts, line types and weights  Permissions and change control
procedures

Template: Şablon
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Design Drawings
 DESIGN DRAWINGS

 Design drawings are used to develop and communicate ideas about a

developing design.
 In the early stages (during the tender process) they might simply demonstrate to
the client the ability of a particular design team to undertake the design.

Reference: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Technical_drawing https://www.dpsdesign.org/blog/architectural-sketches

 DESIGN DRAWINGS
 They may then be used to:
 Develop and communicating the brief.
 Investigate potential sites and assess options.
 Develop the approved idea into a coherent and co-
ordinated design.
 Communicate the developed design to other parties,
such as the local planning authority, the building
control body, contractors and suppliers.
 Record the completed construction.
 Record ongoing changes to the completed
construction.
Reference: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Technical_drawing https://tr.depositphotos.com/187890468/stock-photo-layout-design-new-city-many.html
 DESIGN DRAWINGS
 Design drawings can be categorized according to stages as:
 Feasibility studies.
 Options appraisals.
 Concept drawings. Some designers will differentiate between 'concept
design' and 'scheme design'. In this case, the 'concept' is the initial design
idea, whereas the 'scheme' develops the concept, taking on board more
functional and practical considerations.
 Detailed design (or developed design).
Feasibility: Fizibilite / Olurluk / Yapılabilirlik
 Technical design. Tender: İhale / Teklif
Shop/Fabrication drawings: İmalat çizimleri / Üretim paftası
 Tender drawings. Installation drawings: Montaj çizimleri
Construction drawings: Uygulama çizimleri
 Shop drawings, installation drawings and construction/working drawings.
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 DESIGN DRAWINGS

 Production information: is 'the information prepared by designers, which is

passed to a construction team to enable a project to be constructed' (ref: The
Construction Project Information Committee - CPIC).
 Production information is incorporated into tender documentation and then
the contract documents for the construction works.
 Production information may include:
 Drawings, such as construction/working drawings.
 Specifications. Contract: Sözleşme
Specification: Şartname
 Bills of quantities or schedules of work. Bill of Quantities (BOQs): Metraj / Keşif tablosu
Schedule: Çalışma takvimi / programı

Reference: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Production_information
Technical Drawing
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 The term ‘technical drawing’ refers to any drawing that conveys the way that
something functions or how it is constructed.
 Most drawings prepared during the design and construction of buildings might
be considered to be technical drawings.
 Technical drawings will generally become more complete, more specific and
will increase in detail as a project progresses.

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https://www.123rf.com/photo_22215822_residential-development-construction-design-and-planning-concept-as-a-preliminary-blueprint-drawing-.html
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Technical drawings may comprise

 two-dimensional (orthogonal) plans,
 sections and elevations, or
 may include three-dimensional or exploded projections.
 They may be
 drawn to scale by hand, or
 prepared using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software.
 However, increasingly, building information modelling (BIM) software is being
used to create three-dimensional representations of buildings and their
components.

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 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Photo of a house

Reference: https://www.thehousedesigners.com/plan/the-oconee-6250/
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Its Elevation Drawings

Elevation drawings: Cephe çizimleri

Reference: https://www.thehousedesigners.com/plan/the-oconee-6250/
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Its Photo vs. Elevation Drawing

Reference: https://www.thehousedesigners.com/plan/the-oconee-6250/
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Its 2D Plan

Reference: https://www.thehousedesigners.com/plan/the-oconee-6250/
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Its 3D Model

Reference: https://www.fiverr.com/tahiranwar2010/create-2d-house-plan
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 A section view example

Reference: https://www.archdaily.com/480452/lady-peel-house-rzlbd/530c01edc07a802c7600001f-lady-peel-house-rzlbd-longitudinal-section
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 An exploded view example

Reference: http://constructionmanuals.tpub.com/14043/css/Figure-2-3-Exploded-view-of-a-typical-light-frame-house-23.htm
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 A BIM model example

Reference: http://www.q-cad.com/samples/revit-3d/revit-3d-samples/
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 BIM model examples

Reference: https://www.advenser.com/mep-hvac-samples/
Issues in Technical Drawing
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 The scale at which drawings are prepared should reflect the level of detail of
the information they are required to convey, and graphical techniques such as
the use of different line thicknesses and hatching tarama can help provide greater
clarity (to differentiate between different types/faces of component).
 To help convey the precise meaning of information, technical drawings may
include title blocks, dimensions, notation and symbols. To ensure their
meaning is concise and unambiguous, it is important that these are consistent
with industry standards.

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 TECHNICAL DRAWING
 Scale drawings: describe any drawing that illustrates items at less than (or
more than) their actual size since it is not useful/convenient at their actual size.
 This may be because drawing the item at full size would be unmanageable, or
would not easily fit on a single sheet of paper (such as a building), or
alternatively because items need to be drawn larger than full size to adequately
represent all the detail that needs to be communicated (such as a complex
connection).
 It is important that the scale used is noted on the drawing. In addition, because
of the ease of reproducing, printing and re-sizing drawings, it is important to
note the original sheet size that the scale was drawn at, so for example A4, A3,
A2, A1, A0, and so on.
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 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 The scale of drawings is described as

 A full size drawing would be 1:1 (or sometimes 1/1 or ‘one to one’).
 A half size drawing would be 1:2.
 A tenth size drawing would be 1:10.
 A double size drawing would be 2:1.
 In the construction industry a range of scales are generally used depending on
the nature of the drawing. For example:
 A location plan at 1:1000.  A room plan at 1:50.
 A site plan at 1:200.  A component drawing at 1:5.
 A floor plan at 1:100.  An assembly drawing at 1:1.
Component drawing: Parça detayı
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Assembly drawing: Birleştirme detayı
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

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 COMMON MISTAKES IN TECHNICAL DETAILS

 Incomplete drawings (leads request for information or change orders).

 No coordination between drawings (leads clashes between disciplines).
 Inconsistencies between drawn information and written information (e.g.,
schedules or specifications).
 Incorrect or inconsistent scales being used across drawings.
 Facilities located in impractical places.
 Undersized, impractical or awkward spaces.
 Poorly detailed junctions or abutments between different components or
systems.
 Incorrect symbols.
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 COMMON MISTAKES IN TECHNICAL DETAILS

 Inconsistent revision numbers.

 Poor reproduction.
 File exchange or conversion errors.
 Software incompatibilities.
 Unbuildable, or difficult to build elements.
 Missing components.
 Inconsistent information.
 Illegible writing.
 The use of acronyms that are not understood.
 Notes that are not understood.

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Types of Technical Drawing
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Design intent drawings: Designer's intent may refer more specifically to

drawings and other information prepared by the project team that convey the
fundamental, intrinsic requirements of a design.
 Working drawings: Working drawings provide dimensioned, graphical
information that can be used; by a contractor to construct the works, or by
suppliers to fabricate components of the works or to assemble or install
components. They may include architectural drawings, structural drawings,
civil drawings, mechanical drawings, electrical drawings, and so on.

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 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Technical drawings may include:

 Sketches
 General arrangement drawings
 Detail drawings
 Component drawings
 Assembly drawings
 Shop drawings
 Installation drawings
 As-built drawings and record drawings
As-built drawings: İş sonu / Gerçekleşen proje çizimleri
Record drawings: Arşiv çizimleri
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 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Sketches: concept drawings, often freehand, that are used designers such as
architects, engineers and interior designers as a quick and simple way of
exploring initial ideas for designs.
 They are not intended to be accurate or definitive, merely a way of
investigating and communicating design principles and aesthetic concepts.

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 TECHNICAL DRAWING
 General arrangement drawings:
present the overall composition of
an object such as a building (show
the location of various components
and assemblies).
 Depending on the complexity of
the building, this is likely to
require a number of different
projections, such as plans, sections
and elevations, and may be spread
across several different drawings. General arrangement drawing: Yerleşim planı
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 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Detail drawings: provide a detailed description of the geometric form of a part

of an object such as a building, bridge, tunnel, machine, plant, and so on.
 They tend to be large-scale drawings that show in detail parts that may be
included in less detail on general arrangement drawings.
 Detail drawings may be used to demonstrate compliance with regulations and
other requirements, to provide information about assembly and the junctions
between components, to show construction details, detailed form, and so on,
that would not be possible to include on more general drawings.
Detail drawing: Detay çizimi
(ana çizimden büyütülmüş bir detay)
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 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Detail drawings may consist of two-dimensional orthogonal projections

showing plans, sections and elevations and may include dimensions, tolerances,
notation, symbols and specification information.

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 TECHNICAL DRAWING
 Component drawings: A component is a constituent
part of a built asset which is manufactured as an
independent unit, subsystem or subassembly, that can
be joined or blended with other elements to form a
more complex item (units such as; beams, windows,
doors, sills, coping stones, and so on).
 They may include information such as component
dimensions, construction, tolerances, and so on.
 Assembly drawings represent items that consist of
more than one component, showing how the
components fit together.
Reference: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Technical_drawing Component drawing: Parça detayı
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Assembly drawings: Assembly drawings can be used to represent items that

consist of more than one component.
 They show how the components fit together and may include, orthogonal plans,
sections and elevations, or three-dimensional views, showing the assembled
components, or an exploded view showing the relationship between the
components and how they fit together.
 The location of assemblies may be shown on general arrangement drawings, or
sometimes on detail drawings.
 The components that form the assembly may be shown by shop drawings that
allow their fabrication.
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 TECHNICAL DRAWING
 Assembly drawings may include instructions, lists of the component parts,
reference numbers, references to detail drawings or shop drawings, and
specification information.

Reference: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Technical_drawing Assembly drawing: Birleştirme detayı

 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 Shop drawings: generally relate to pre-fabricated components, showing how

they should be manufactured or installed.
 They might be prepared by contractors, subcontractors, suppliers,
manufacturers or fabricators.
 Shop drawings might be prepared for components such as structural steelwork,
reinforcement, lifts, building services equipment, appliances, ductwork, piping,
plumbing, windows, cabinets, electrical and data layouts, fire protection, and so
on.
Shop drawing: İmalat çizimi / Üretim paftası
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 TECHNICAL DRAWING

Reference: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Post_and_Beam_Shop_Drawing.jpg
 wall-mounted

TECHNICAL DRAWING
 Installation drawings: are developed from co-ordinated detail drawings and
present the information needed by trades to install part of the works relative to
the structure (e.g., wall if the part is wall-mounted).
 This may be particularly important for complex installations such as plant
rooms, data centres, ventilation systems, underfloor heating, and so on.

Reference: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Technical_drawing Installation drawing: Montaj çizimi

 TECHNICAL DRAWING
 Installation drawings may include information about:
 Precise positioning, space allowances for installation, supports and fixings.
 Information from manufacturers shop drawings.
 Builders work in connection, such as; cutting and sealing holes, chasing
block and brickwork for conduits or pipes, lifting and replacing floors,
constructing plinths and so on.
 Plant or equipment requirements.
 Requirements for service connections.
 Requirement to leave access space for operation and maintenance.
 Other maintenance access requirements such as access panels, decking,
platforms, ladders and handrails.
Reference: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Technical_drawing
 TECHNICAL DRAWING

 As-built drawings: On projects it is common for changes to be made during

construction because of circumstances that emerge on site. Client requires as-
built drawings, which are prepaired either during the construction process or
when construction is complete, to reflect what has actually been built. The
contractor will generally mark up changes to the ‘final construction issue’
drawings on-site using red ink.
 These may be further used by the client to generate record drawings showing
details of installations (such as under-floor cabling) to be used in health and
safety management or operation and maintenance.
As-built drawings: İş sonu / Gerçekleşen proje çizimleri
Record drawings: Arşiv çizimleri
Reference: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Technical_drawing
Summary on Design and
Technical Drawing
 DESIGN VS. TECHNICAL DRAWING
 Design drawings are for progressing designs (sketches, gesture drawings, etc.)
and technical drawings are for communicating a design with detail.
 However, those technical drawings can be used to help develop you design and
identify/workout details.

Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hy51qA_u7h4
https://www.bordeaubuilders.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Bordeau-New-vs-Existing-Homes-1200x480.jpg
 PURPOSE OF TECHNICAL DRAWING
 Technical drawing is required in designing for:
 Visualization: Figuring out the intended design
 Communication: Conveying the design actually to the others
 Documentation: Recording the current version of the design

Canlandırma
İletişim
Kayıt
Reference: Çetinkaya, S. Müh 122 Ders Notları. https://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/global/en/products/mechanical-design/drafting-documentation.html
 TECHNICAL DRAWING
TECHNICAL
DRAWING

Graphics
Language Standards / Information /
Rules Data

Technical
Paper Sizes Geometry
Drawing
Elements Drafting Area Dimensioning
Word
Language
Lettering Technology

Line Types Manufacturing

Views Materials

Sections Organization

Hatching

Dimensioning
and Symbols

Reference: https://www.slideshare.net/mokhtarpadeli/engineering-drawing-chapter-01-introduction Çetinkaya, S. Müh 122 Ders Notları.

 TECHNICAL DRAWING
 To represent 3D objects:
 Objects are generally drawn through
multiple 2D views
 Minimum views should be selected
that completely identifies the object
 In multiple views, the priority is as
 Front view
 Top view
 Side view
 Section views are also supportive for
understanding the object
Reference: Çetinkaya, S. Müh 122 Ders Notları. https://static.sdcpublications.com/multimedia/9781630570521-sample/ege/ortho/3d_ortho.jpg
https://previews.123rf.com/images/galimovma79/galimovma791605/galimovma79160500027/58812883-car-all-view-top-side-back-front.jpg