Practice Qs of Lecture 1 To 3 - Solution

Practice Qs of Lecture 1 to 3_Solution
2 n −1
Q1. Show that i + i 2 n + i 2 n +1 + i 2 n + 2 =−
1 i , where n ∈ E =Set of positive even integers.
Solution.
i 2 n −1 + i 2 n + i 2 n +1 + i 2 n + 2
= i 2 ni −1 + i 2 n + i 2 ni + i 2 ni 2
( i 2 ) 1i + ( i 2 ) + ( i 2 ) i + ( i 2 ) (−1)  i 2 =
n n n n
= −1
n i
= ( −1) + ( −1) + ( −1) i + ( −1) (−1)
n n n
i.i
= (1)(−i ) + (1) + (1)i + (1)(−1)  n ∈ E ⇒ ( −1) = 1
n
=−i + 1 + i − 1 =0 
3 i
Q2. Evaluate − .
i 3
Solution.
3 i 3 i i 3i i 3i i i  1
− = × − =2 − = − = −3i − =−
 3− i
i 3 i i 3 i 3 (−1) 3 3  3
 10 
=  − i
 3
Q3. Discuss how many anti-clock quarter rotations, the following complex numbers will
have? −5i, − 6, and 8i
Solution.
π
 i graphically represents an anti-clock quarter rotation of radians.
2
⇒
i) −5i represents one clockwise quarter rotation
ii) −6 = 6(−1) = 6i 2 = 6i ⋅ i , represents two anti-clock rotations
iii) 8i represents one anti-clock quarter rotation.

Simplify i + i + i .
11 40 30
Q4.
As we know i = −1 ,
2
Solution.
i11 + i 40 + i 30= (i 2 )5 .i + (i 2 ) 20 + (i 2 )15

= (−1)5 i + (−1) 20 + (−1)15
=− i + 1 − 1 =−i
Q5. Discuss why i ≠ 0
Solution. Let i = 0 . Multiply both side by i , we get,
⇒ i.i =
0.i
⇒ i2 =0
⇒ −1 =0,
which is false. Hence i ≠ 0 .
Q6. Find Principle and all other possible arguments of 1 + i.
Solution.
Here given that z =x + iy =1 + i, so x =1 > 0 and y =1 > 0
Therefore, terminal ray of Arg z lies in 1st quadrant.
 y 1 π
∴ Arg ( z ) = tan −1   = tan −1   = tan −1 (1) = ,
x 1 4
π
And arg(z) = + 2nπ , n ∈ Z , that gives the all possible arguments.
4
Q7. Express −1 − 3i into polar form.
Solution.
z =x + iy =−1 − 3i
Let
⇒ z = 1+ 3 = 2
π
So, θ tan
= = −1
( 3)
3
π 2π
Since −1 − 3i lies on 3rd quadrant, so θ = − π =−
3 3
2π
Polar form is: 2cis (− )
3
Q8. Solve x = −3 + −3 + −3 +  ∞ and show that difference of its roots is pure
imaginary.
Solution.
x= −3 + −3 + −3 +  ∞
Squaring;
x 2 =−3 + 
−3 +
−3 + 
∞
x
⇒ x =−3 + x ⇒ x 2 − x + 3 =0
2
−(−1) ± 1 − 4 (1)( 3) 1 ± −12 1 ± i 11

=
⇒x = = are the roots of given equation.
2 2 2
1 + i 11 1 − i 11
=
Hence roots are: x1 = and x2
2 2
 1 + i 11   1 − i 11  1 + i 11 − 1 + i 11 2i 11
Now difference = x1 − x2 = 
 2  −  2  = 2
=
2
= i 11 i.e
   
pure imaginary.
π 1
Q9. For a complex number z ∈  if, z = 3 and Arg ( z ) = , then find .
3 z
Solution.
1 z z
= =  z= zz
2
2
z zz z
1  π   π 
= =
1
z
1
( z =
cisθ )  3  cos   + i sin  
( 3) 3  3 
2
9 9 
11 3 1
=  + i
3 2
 = 1 + 3i
2  6
( )
Q10. Let z1 = 2 and z2 =−1 + 3i . Then by using Triangular Inequality, find the
z1 + z2
extreme values of .
2
Solution.
 given that z = 2 and z =−1 + 3i . ⇒ z = 1 + 3= 2
1 2 2
Now by using Triangular Inequality,

z1 − z2 ≤ z1 + z2 ≤ z1 + z2
1 − 2 ≤ z1 + z2 ≤ 1 + 2
⇒ 1 ≤ z1 + z2 ≤ 3
1 z1 + z2 3
⇒ ≤ ≤
2 2 2
 z +z  3  z +z  1
⇒ max  1 2 = , min  1 2 =
 2  2  2  2
1 + iz
Q11. Show that the locus of point P ( z ) satisfying; = 2 is
z +1
3 x 2 + 3 y 2 + 8 x − 2 y + 3 =.
0
Solution.
z= x + iy
Let
1 + iz
⇒ =
1
z +1
⇒
(
1 + i x + iy )=
1
( x + iy ) + 1
⇒
(
1 + i x + iy ) =2 
z1 z
= 1
( x + iy ) + 1 z2 z2
⇒ 1 + i ( x − iy )= 2 ( x − iy ) + 1
⇒ (1 + y ) + ix= 2 ( x + 1) − iy
⇒ (1 + y ) += ( x + 1) + ( − y )
2 2 2
x2 2
⇒ (1 + y ) + = (
x 2 4 ( x + 1) + ( − y )
2 2 2
)
⇒ 1 + 2 y + y 2 + x 2 = 4(x 2 + 2 x + 1 + y 2 )
⇒ 1 + 2 y + y 2 + x2 = 4 x 2 + 8 x + 4 + 4 y2
⇒ 4 x 2 + 8 x + 4 + 4 y2 − 1 − 2 y − y 2 − x2 =
0
⇒ 3x 2 + 3 y 2 + 8 x − 2 y + 3 =0

Practice Qs of Lecture 1 To 3 - Solution

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Practice Qs of Lecture 1 to 3_Solution

i) −5i represents one clockwise quarter rotation

ii) −6 = 6(−1) = 6i 2 = 6i ⋅ i , represents two anti-clock rotations

iii) 8i represents one anti-clock quarter rotation.

i11 + i 40 + i 30= (i 2 )5 .i + (i 2 ) 20 + (i 2 )15

Q5. Discuss why i ≠ 0

Solution. Let i = 0 . Multiply both side by i , we get,

which is false. Hence i ≠ 0 .

Q6. Find Principle and all other possible arguments of 1 + i.

Here given that z =x + iy =1 + i, so x =1 > 0 and y =1 > 0

Therefore, terminal ray of Arg z lies in 1st quadrant.

−(−1) ± 1 − 4 (1)( 3) 1 ± −12 1 ± i 11

Now by using Triangular Inequality,

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