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PRIVACY POLICY / CERTIFICATION

I wish to point out here that no published article has been copied or quoted in this e-book. As a matter of
fact, this article was compiled after reading a large number of books which could not be revisited at the
time of making it. I was obliged to say this on the off chance that a part of any published material had been
unduly added to this article. However, some of the questions were adapted from JAMB’s UTME past
questions. Any other illegally copied content of this book from another published material is totally
coincidental. Nevertheless, a list of some texts have been provided in the complete articles, just in case parts
of the listed books have been copied and for reference purposes. Images shown here were obtained from
Google.
THIS ARTICLE WAS MEANT TO SERVE AS A SUMMARY OF SELECTED TOPICS IN PHYSICS
AT THE ORDINARY LEVEL. IT WILL BE OF GREAT BENEFITS TO CANDIDATES OF UTME,
POST-UTME, SSCE, NECO, GCE AND THE LIKES.

OKAFOR DESMOND CHINEME

[email protected]
All rights reserved
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CHEMISTRY
ELECTROLYTIC CELL

Fig.1: An Electrolytic Cell

Source: Google

THE BLAST FURNACE

 The reactions in the Blast Furnace for the smelting of iron can be summarized
as follows:
 C(s) + O2(g) => CO2(g)
 CO2(g) + C(s) => 2CO(g)
 Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) => 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
 CaCO3(s) => CaO(s) + CO2(g)

 CaO(s) + SiO2(s) => CaSiO3(s).

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 Due to the presence of coke(CO) and some water present in the haematite
(Fe2O3), there is also the formation of water gas(CO+H2O) in the course of the
reaction.
 The temperature at the bottom of the blast furnace is about 2000°C.
 The major use of limestone (CaCO3) in the blast furnace is to remove
impurities(slag).

THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

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PHYSICS

THE THERMOS FLASK

 A thermos flask is a container used in keeping a hot substance (usually liquid)

hot and a cold one cold for as long as possible. Essentially, it is a double-walled
vessel where the space between the two walls or jackets has been evacuated. The
rationale in the construction is the fact that heat is not transferred through a
vacuum. However, heat can be radiated through vacuum. The vessel is capped
with a cork and also rests on a cork support of low conductivity. The walls of
the vessel are silvered on both sides. This is because silvered or polished surfaces
are poor absorbers and emitters but good reflectors of heat. Heat loss from the
thermos flask is prevented as follows:
 The silvered surfaces limit heat loss by radiation.
 The cork prevents heat loss by conduction.
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 The vacuum prevents heat loss by both conduction and convection.

Conduction through the cork seems to be the major medium of heat loss in the
thermos flask.

DIMENSIONS/DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
Every measurable physical quantity is denoted by SI unit or a derived unit. As
already established above, there are three fundamental quantities in physics,
viz: mass, length and time with their SI units as kilogram (kg), metre (m) and
second (s) respectively. All other units are ‘narrowed down’ to these three base
units.
Dimensions and dimensional analysis is a concept where every unit is
represented in terms of the three fundamental units. Here, mass is denoted as
M, length as L and time as T for the base units. In order to express any other
unit (derived) unit in this MLT format, we begin by ‘splitting’ the quantity
into its base terms. For instance, force (F) is a derived quantity whose unit can
be evaluated as follows:
F = ma
…where m is the mass of the body in kg and a is the acceleration in ms-2
Hence, we express each term in the formula completely:
F = kg.ms-2
Next, we input the dimension for each of the fundamental quantities in the
derived unit; we also place appropriate numbers as powers:
F = M.L.T-2
Finally, we bring them together:
F = MLT-2
The above expression is the dimensions of force.
At times, a unit may contain symbols that is/are not expressible in the MLT
format. In such situations, we may leave the ‘abstract’ unit the same way in the
dimensional expression.
Example: to derive the dimensions for the electromotive force (emf),
E = ½QV ………. (1)
where E is the work done in moving the unit charge round the circuit, Q is the
quantity of charge and V is the emf in volt.
From eqn. 1 above,
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V = 2E/Q
And in this case, we can do away with the numerical figure (2); hence:
V = E/Q
E = Force×distance
F = MLT-2×L = ML2T-2
(we already solved for F in the previous example)
Q = It (where I is the current in Ampere and t is time in second)
Q = IT (since I cannot be replaced by any of MLT)
Then, we bring the expressions together again:
V = E/Q
V = (ML2T-2)/IT
V = ML2T-2×(I-1T-1)
Removing the multiplication sign and opening the bracket:
V = ML2T-3I-1
The above is the dimensions of electromotive force (emf)
The table below shows the derived units and the dimensions of common
quantities encountered in physics. They are all derived in same pattern as shown
in the two examples above.

Derived units and dimensions of common quantities

Quantity Derived unit Dimension
Density kgm-3 ML-3
Torque (moment of kgm2s-2 ML2T-2
couple)
Tensile stress kgm-1s-2 ML-1T-2
Power kgm2s-1 ML2T-1
Viscosity kgm-1s-1 ML-1T-1
Surface tension kgs-2 MT-2
Volume m3 L3
Pressure kgm-1s-2 ML-1T-2
Work kgm2s-2 ML2T-2

From the table above, we can notice that the dimensions for both tensile stress
and pressure are the same. It is also the same for Young’s modulus of elasticity.
In addition, the dimensions of torque and work are same.
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In order to get the dimension of any derived quantity right, it is important to

know its derived unit. From the derived unit, the dimension can easily be
evaluated.
Among other uses, dimensions and dimensional analysis enables us to check
for the correctness of an equation as to determine the derived unit of any given
physical quantity.

BIOLOGY

The female reproductive system

Source: Google
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SUPPORTING SYSTEM IN MAN

The first bone of the neck is the atlas, which has the transverse process and enables the neck to be rotated.
Immediately following the atlas is the axis, with the odontoid process. The joint between atlas and axis is
the pivot type. The axis makes nodding of the head possible.
The different types of vertebrae in man, their locations and their numbers are given in the table below.

Bones of the vertebral column

Vertebra Number Location
Cervical 7 Neck
Thoracic 12 Chest
Lumber 5 Abdomen
Sacral 5 Hip
Caudal 4 inferior abdomen (tail)

The bones of the cervical vertebrae are fairly constant in number (7) among all mammals. The cervical
vertebrae are characterized by having prominent neural spines.
The lumber vertebrae are the thickest; they bear the weight of the body, control gait during walking and
supports pregnancy in women.
Each of the 12 thoracic vertebrae articulates with a rib, forming the rib cage together with the sternum in
front. They enclose the heart and the lungs.
The humerus articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity while the femur articulates the bony pelvis
at the acetabulum. These articulations form the pectoral and the pelvic girdles respectively. The clavicle is
also called the collar bone while the scapula is otherwise called the shoulder blade.
The four bones of the caudal vertebrae join to form a hard structure known as the coccyx.
A joint is a point of attachment of two or more bones. One bone is connected to another by ligament while
a bone is attached to a muscle by tendon.
Hinge joint occurs in knee and ankle; it allows movement in one plane only.
The major connecting tissues in plants are collenchyma, parenchyma and sclerenchyma. The parenchyma
consists of thin-walled cells with central vacuoles and intercellular air spaces. Turgid parenchyma is the
main connecting tissue in young herbaceous stems, giving them flexibility and resilience. The cells of
collenchyma are thick-walled at the margins. Collenchyma gives mechanical support to plants. The cells of
sclerenchyma have very thick walls with uniform layer around the entire cell margin. Sclerenchyma
provides rigidity, hardness and resilience.
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USE OF ENGLISH
Spellings to take note of: (N/B: these spellings are the British versions)
Correct Incorrect
bizarre bizzare
diarrhoea diarrhea
catarrh cattarh
aqueous aqeous
manoeuvre manouvre
onomatopoeia onomatopia
grievances grieviances
mischievous mischievious
queue queu
committee comittee
accommodation accomodation
pronunciation pronounciation
occasion ocassion
occurrence occurence
pneumonia pnemonia
asthma athsma
for chrissake for Christ’s sake
querulous querullous
anoint annoint
annunciation announciation
willful wilful
quarrel quarell
embarrassment embarassment
harassment harrassment
grateful greatful
catalogue catalog
etiquette ettiquete
truly truely
privilege priviledge
hippopotamus hipopotamus
connoisseur conoisuer
guerrillas guerilas
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millennium millenium
questionnaire questionaire
millionaire milionnaire
threshold threshhold

EXERCISES

CHEMISTRY

(1) The end product of the Acheson process is

A. artificial diamond
B. artificial graphite
C. coke
D. artificial petrol
(2) One of the following is known as the Lucas reagent used in the turbidity test of alkanols
A. Zn in Hg
B. H2 and CO
C. Zn in HCl
D. NH4OH
(3) In the test for the carbonyl compounds (R-CO / RCHO), the reagent often used is
A. ammoniacal solution of copper(I) chloride
B. bromine water
C. 2,4-dinitrophenylhadrazine
D. lithium tetrahydrido-aluminate (III)
(4) Which of the following is not recognized as a type of salt?
A. Complex salt
B. Double salt
C. Compound salt
D. Basic salt
(5) The temperature of a gas is 45ºC. The temperature at which its volume is doubled and its pressure
halved?
A. 324K
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B. 381K
C. 636K
D. 318K
(6) What does equal volumes of SO2, CO and NH3 have in common at standard temperature and
pressure?
A. Mass number
B. Number of moles
C. Vapour density
D. Diffusion rate
(7) 100cm3 of a gas was collected over water at º50C and 740mmHg. Determine the approximate
volume of the gas at standard pressure and 77ºC if the saturation vapour of water at 50ºC is
25mmHg.
A. 200cm3
B. 342cm3
C. 87cm3
D. 174cm3
(8) If an equilibrium reaction has ∆H < 0, the reaction will move forward at
A. high temperature
B. low concentration of reactants
C. low temperature
D. low pressure
(9) What will happen to the following equilibrium reaction if the pressure of the system is decreased
while temperature remains constant?
2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g)
A. The forward reaction is favoured
B. Both the forward and reverse reactions progress at the same rate
C. The reverse reaction increases
D. There will be no change in the equilibrium position
(10) Which of the following dissolves in water to form a solution whose pH is greater than 7?
A. PbCl2
B. NH3
C. CuSO4
D. NH4Cl
(11) One of the following is the chief product of the Lead Chamber process
A. CuSO4
B. PbSO4
C. H2SO4
D. Na2CO3
(12) A current of 1.5A is passed for 1 hour through a molten lead salt and 5.75g of lead is deposited.
The oxidation state lead in the salt?
A. 1
B. 4
C. 2
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D. 3
(13) Which of the following is NOT a feature of an electrochemical cell?
A. Both electrodes are immersed in the same electrolyte
B. Anode is the electrode where oxidation occurs
C. There is always a salt bridge or a porous partition
D. It is not affected by polarization effect
(14) The standard hydrogen electrode has been assigned an electrode potential value of
A. one
B. ten
C. one hundred
D. zero
(15) As the dilution of an electrolyte increases, its conductivity
A. Increases
B. remains constant
C. decreases
D. fluctuates

PHYSICS
(1) Which of the following cells uses potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte in its operation?
A. dry Laclanche cell
B. a simple cell
C. alkaline accumulator
D. lead-acid accumulator
(2) In direct current (dc) circuits, one of these performs a function similar to that performed by a
transformer in ac circuits
A. a transistor B. a diode valve
C. a dc generator D. an induction coil

(3) A fuse is to be connected to protect an electrical appliance in a circuit. If F represents the amount of
current in the fuse and P the current in the appliance, which of the following expressions is correct?

A. F > P B. P ≤ F

B. F ≠ P D. P ≥ F
(4) The units of impedance and inductive reactance are respectively
A. ohm and Henry
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B. ohm and Siemens

C. ohm and ohm
D. Farad and Henry
(5) A device which is capable of converting energy from one form to another in electrical instruments is
A. a capacitor
B. a PN junction diode
C. a transducer
D. an inverter
(6) One essential property in any substance used as a dielectric material is that it has to be a/an
A. insulator B. magnetic material
C. electric conductor D. both A and B above

(7) Two weights 20N and 8N are placed on a uniform metere rule at positions 20cm and 60cm respectively.
If the metre rule balances horizontally at the 30cm mark on a knife edge, determine the weight of the metre
rule.
A. 1N B. 5N
C. 10N D. 2N

(8) The force needed to just make a 10kg mass move along a horizontal surface where the coefficient of
friction is 0.125 is
A. 25N B. 12.5N
C. 1.25N D. 2.5N

(9) A 75kg man has only 0.25m2 of his foot in contact with the ground on which he is standing. What would
be the magnitude of the pressure exerted by his body on the ground?
A. 150N/m2 B. 300N/m2
C. 3000N/m2 D. D. 1500N/m2

(10) A rocket burns gases at the rate of 4kg/sec. in its gas chamber to ascend at a velocity of 2,000m/s. The
thrust exerted on the engine of the rocket is
A. 8kN B. 50N
C. 80kN D. 800N
(11) A bullet of mass 200g travelling at a speed of 100ms-1 strikes a target and penetrates a distance of 50cm
in the target before coming to rest. The average force exerted on the bullet by the target is
A. 500N B. 2000N
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C. 1000N D. 200N

(12) A 50kg man carries a block of mass 5kg on his head for 20 seconds while standing at a spot. Calculate
the work done during that time.
A. 10,000N B. 1,000N
C. 0N C. 11,000N

(13) In a system of two intermeshing gear wheels, the number of teeth in the wheels are 30 and 60
respectively. If the larger wheel rotates at an angular speed of 10rads-1, what would be the speed of the
smaller wheel?
A. 15rads-1 B. 40rads-1
C. 5rads-1 D. 20rads-1

(14) An oil film of mass 1.0g and area 0.5cm2 is 5 time denser than water. Calculate the thickness of the oil
film.
(Relative density of water = 1gcm-3)

A. 1.5mm
B. 5mm
C. 4mm
D. 2mm
(15) If a block of ice is placed on a glass of water filled to the brim. As the ice
melts completely, what happens the water in the glass?
A. the water level decreases
B. the water overflows
C. the water level remains the same
D. the water level first falls and then rises

BIOLOGY

(1) The major waste product of fishes is

A. urea
B. uric acid
C. ammonia
D. urine
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(2) The cell walls of fungi are composed of

A. chitin
B. cellulose
C. lipids
D. glycogen

(3) The abundance of which of the following cell structures shows that an organism is highly motile and
active?
A. nucleus
B. mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
D. endoplasmic reticulum
(4) Rose and hibiscus are best propagated artificially by
A. budding
B. stem cuttings
C. grafting
D. none of the above
(5) The chief compound found in bones is
A. calcium carbonate
B. sodium chloride
C. calcium sulphate
D. calcium phosphate
(6) Aged erythrocytes are destroyed in the
A. kidneys
B. lungs
C. spleen
D. bone marrow
(7) One of these is not a type of white blood cell
A. thrombocyte
B. lymphocyte
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C. monocyte
D. basophil
(8) The normal colour of bile is
A. reddish brown
B. greenish yellow
C. white
D. bluish yellow
(9) One simple difference between plasma and lymph is that
A. plasma contains about twice more water than lymph
B. plasma flows round the body while lymph is constrained at a spot
C. while plasma has colour, lymph is colourless
D. plasma is very important to the body while lymph has no function in the body
(10) At the loop of Henley,
A. no salt is reabsorbed
B. much water is reabsorbed
C. very little to no water is reabsorbed
D. all the tubular secretions take place
(11) The part of the kidney directly leading to the ureters is the
A. hilum
B. pyramid
C. pelvis
D. collecting duct
(12) The two halves of the mammalian heart are separated by a sheet of muscular structure called
A. diaphragm
B. linear alba
C. tendon
D. septum
(13) The adult resting human heart beats about
A. 72 times per second
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B. 50 times per minute

C. 72 times per minute
D. 120 times per minute
(14) Possession of two pairs of antennae is a feature of which of the following classes of arthropods?
A. insect
B. arachnida
C. diplopoda
D. crustaceans
(15) Antidiuretic hormone has the following functions in the body except
A. increase in dehydration
B. decrease in perspiration
C. increase of the sensation of thirst
D. increase in tubular reabsorption of water

USE OF ENGLISH

(1) A lion roars as a sheep ________

A. bellows

B. bleats

C. growls

D. laughs

(2) It’s very annoying how facetious Samuel can be sometimes.

Choose from below, a word or phrase nearest in meaning to the italicized word above is

A. foolish
B. unnecessarily playful
C. meddlesome
D. ill-spoken

(3) As the chairman arrived late at the meeting, he had no time for _____

A. contributing to the issue at hand

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B. sitting on the sit reserved for him

C. exchanging pleasantries with all the other officials around

D. adopting the minutes of the meeting

(4) During their church wedding last year, the bride swore to always cherish her man for better, for ______

A. worst

B. best

C. sickness

D. worse

(5) Immediately I arrived, I _____ on the floor.

A. laid

B. lay

C. lied

D. layed

(6) Even though Ada doesn’t attend classes quite often, she is a ______ reader which helped her scale
through in the final exams.

A. notorious

B. vivacious

C. voracious

D. vicious

Choose the correct question tag for the question below

(7) Sammy, won’t you have your breakfast right now?

A. No, I won;t

B. Yes, I will

C. Yes, I won’t

D. No, I would
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(8) I would be ______ if I said that Audu is an honest man.

A. laying

B. lieing

C. lying

D. lied

(9) As we passed, we heard the woman _____ the school children.

A. curse

B. coursing

C. cursing

D. cursed

(10) I _______ him severally before that unfortunate event took place but he refused to listen.

A. adviced

B. advise

C. advised

D. had adviced

Choose from options A – D below the word that has the same vowel sound as the one in in capital letters.

(11) SAID

A. bed

B. peat

C. hate

D. height

(12) Nobody was surprised that the man was convicted ______ of all the charges levelled against him.

A. for

B. of

C. with
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D. to

(13) If Ngozi actually took ______ her mother, she would likely be as brilliant as her.

A. to

B. from

C. over

D. after

(14) Mr. Lazarus was charged with complicity ____ the abortive coup.

A. for

B. at

C. about

D. in

(15) I heard the Nigeria’s victory at the world cup quarter finals match _____ the radio.

A. over

B. on

C. by

D. from

C. by

D. with

GOOD LUCK!

Answers to the questions above are also accessible on the same platform in PDF format. Use it to mark and
score yourself. And don’t forget to ask me for the full package on 08063190231; it contains 1,000 questions
and explained answers. More and more questions are to be added to the subsequent editions of SCIENCE
SERIES.

Sincerely Yours,
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OKAFOR DESMOND CHINEME

SEE ANSWERS FROM NEXT PAGE BELOW

ANSWERS

ANSWER KEYS
CHEMISTRY
1B 2C 3C 4C 5D 6B 7. (Bonus) 8C 9C 10B 11C 12C 13A 14D 15A
PHYSICS
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1C 2D 3D 4C 5C 6A 7D 8B 9C 10A 11B 12C 13D 14C 15C

BIOLOGY
1C 2A 3B 4B 5D 6C 7A 8B 9C 10B 11C 12D 13C 14D 15A

USE OF ENGLISH
1B 2B 3C 4D 5B 6C 7C 8C 9C 10C 11A 12B 13D 14D 15B

EXPLANATIONS FOR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS QUESTIONS

CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS EXPLANATIONS
1 (B)
The Acheson process is a route to produce artificial graphite (and silicon
carbide, SiC). It involves heating pure silica, sand and finely divided carbon at
temperatures around 2,500ºC in an electric furnace.
2 (C)
A mixture of Zn in HCl is known as the Lucas reagent uses in differentiating
the three monohydric alkanols: primary, secondary and tertiary alkanols.
3 (C)
2,4-dinitrophenylhadrazine (Brady’s reagent) is employed in the test for the
carbonyl compounds: alkanals and alkanones.
4 (C)
There are basically four types of salts: neutral, basic, acidic, double and
complex salts. Common salt is a term used to refer to sodium chloride (NaCl).
NaCl is also popularly known as the table salt.
5 (D)
𝑷𝟏𝑽𝟏 𝑷𝟐𝑽𝟐
=
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐

Given: T1=(45+273)=318, V2=2V1, P2 = ½P1

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𝑷𝟐𝑽𝟐𝑻𝟏 (½𝐏𝟏×𝟐𝐕𝟏×𝟑𝟏𝟖)
T2 = =
𝑷𝟏𝑽𝟏 (𝑷𝟏𝑽𝟏)
(½𝐏𝟏×𝟐𝐕𝟏×𝟑𝟏𝟖) (½×𝟐×𝟑𝟏𝟖)
T2 = = = 318K.
(𝑷𝟏𝑽𝟏) 𝟏

6 (B)
According to the Avogadro’s hypothesis, equal volumes of gases at the same
temperature and pressure have the same number of moles.
7. (Incorrect question)
The actual pressure of the gas free of water vapour is (740mmHg – 25mmHg)
= 715mmHg
V1=100cm3, T1=(50+273)=323K, P1=715mmHg, T2=(77+273)=350,
P2=760mmHg
𝑷𝟏𝑽𝟏 𝑷𝟐𝑽𝟐
=
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐
𝑷𝟏𝑽𝟏𝑻𝟐
V2 =
𝑷𝟐𝑻𝟏
(𝟕𝟏𝟓×𝟏𝟎𝟎×𝟑𝟓𝟎)
V2 = = 101.943cm3
(𝟕𝟔𝟎×𝟑𝟐𝟑)

8 (C)
An exothermic reaction (∆H < 0) at equilibrium will move forward if the
temperature of the system decreases, other things being constant.
9 (C)
Since the reaction proceeds with a decrease in volume, the backward or
reverse reaction will be favoured if the pressure of the system is decreased.
10 (B)
Example of a substance whose solution is greater than 7 at equilibrium is
ammonia (NH3) as it forms ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) in water. Thus,
ammonia is an alkaline gas.
11 (C)
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The Lead Chamber process is one of the industrial production of

tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid, H2SO4.
12 (C)
Relative atomic mass of lead (Pb)= 207
1 Faraday of electricity = 96,500C
207 = (x×96,500)
5.75 = (1.5×2×60×60)
x = (207×1.5×1×60×60)/(5.75×96,500) = 2.
Note: 1 hour = (60×60)seconds.
13 (A)
In an electrochemical or voltaic cell, the two electrodes are immersed into
separate electrolytes and connected with a salt bridge.
14 (D)
The standard hydrogen electrode is conventionally taken to have an electrode
potential value of zero (0) volt.
15 (A)
Generally, the conductivity of an electrolyte increases with increasing dilution.

PHYSICS QUESTIONS EXPLANATIONS

1 (C)
The alkaline or Ni-Fe accumulator uses KOH as its electrolyte.
2 (D)
The induction coil is a device used in stepping up the voltage in a d.c. circuit
similar to the role played by the transformer in an a.c. circuit.
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3 (D)
The current rating of a fuse should be less than the maximum current
permitted in the load it is connected to or at least equal to it.
4 (C)
Impedance, resistance and reactances (both inductive and capacitive) are all
measured in units of Ohm (Ω).
5 (C)
Interconversion of energy from one form to another in electrical
circuits/appliances is the function of a transducer.
6 (A)
A dielectric material must of necessity be an insulator.
7 (D)
Note: for a question like this, it is very important to make a sketch of the
system of forces and distances and label each correctly.
We take moments about the pivot
Moment = Force × distance from pivot
F1d1 = F2d2
Given: F1=20N, d1=(30-20)cm, F2=8N, d2=(60-30)cm, W=?, dw=(50-30)cm
(where W is the weight of the metre rule and dw is the distance from the pivot
where the weight of the metre rule acts)
F1d1 + Wdw = F2d2
20(30-20) + W(50-30) = 8(60-50)
20×10 + 20W = 8×30
200 + 20W = 240
20W = 240 – 200 = 40
W = 40/20 = 2N.
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8 (B)
𝑭
u=
𝒎𝒈

Given: u = 0.125, m = 10kg, (g = 10ms-2)

0.125 = F/(10×10)
F = 0.125(100) = 12.5N.
9 (C)
Pressure = Force/Area
Given: m = 75kg, A = 0.25m2, (g = 10ms-2)
P = F/A
P = (75×10)/0.25 = 3,000N/m2
10 (A)
Mass/time = Force/velocity
m/t = F/v
Given: m/t = 4kg/sec., v = 2,000m/s
F = (m/t)×v
F = 4×2000 = 8,000N = 8kN.
11 (B)
½mv2 = Fd
mv2 = 2Fd
Given: m = 200g = 0.2kg, v = 100m/s, d = 50cm = 0.5m
F = 𝐦𝐯𝟐⁄𝟐𝒅
(𝟎. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎)
F= ⁄(𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟓)

F = (2000)/1 = 2000N.
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12 (C)
Provided a force has not undergone any displacement d, the work done
remains zero (0). This follows from the relation: w.d. = Fd.
13 (D)
In a system of two gear wheels, the bigger wheel has the lower angular velocity
and vice versa. Comparing the two systems,
𝑵𝒍 𝑾𝒔
=
𝑵𝒔 𝑾𝒍

Where Nl and Wl are the number of teeth and the angular velocity of the
larger wheel respectively while Ns and Ws are those of the smaller wheel in the
same order.
Given: Nl=60, Ns=30, Wl=10 rads-1
(𝑵𝒍𝑾𝒍)
Ws =
𝑵𝒔
(𝟔𝟎×𝟏𝟎)
Ws = = 600/30 = 20 rads-1
𝟑𝟎

14 (C)
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔
Density =
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆

m = dv
m = dAh (v = Ah)
Given: m=1.0g, d=5gcm-3, A=0.5cm2
𝒎
h=
𝒅𝑨
𝟏
h= = 1/2.5 = 0.4cm = 4mm
(𝟓×𝟎.𝟓)

(where d is the density of the oil)

15 (C)
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The moment the ice is placed on the glass of water, it displaces its own weight
of the water. So there will be no further change in the water level when the ice
melts.

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

I am Okafor Chineme, the author of the SCIENCE SERIES .To say the least, I’m a student of University of Ibadan in the
department of Medicine and Surgery. Besides being a writer, I’m also a tutor, an academic adviser and admission
consultant. I tutor prospective candidates of UTME, post UTME, SSCE, GCE as well as undergraduate students in the
science and medical fields.

APPRECIATIONS

I THANK ALL THOSE WHO IN ONE WAY OR THE OTHER CONTRIBUTED TO THE MAKING OF THIS ARTICLE. YOU HAVE
SHOWN TO BE TRUE FRIENDS AT THE POINT OF NEED AND I AM VERY GRATEFUL. ONCE AGAIN, I THANK MY FAMILY
FOR BELIEVING IN ME.