Act1 CN Priyanshu

School of Computer Science and Information Technology
Programme: BCA
2024-2025
SEMESTER: 03
SECTION: F
COURSE NAME: COMPUTER NETWORKS
Activity 1
Online Certification Course
USN(s) and Group Members Name(s) - 23BCAR0370

Priyanshu Prince
Name of Faculty In-Charge : Mrs Nidhya MS
Certificate
Course Content
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Priyanshu Prince
Introduction:
Networking is a cornerstone of modern technology, connecting devices and systems to
facilitate communication and resource sharing. This course offers an in-depth understanding
of how networks function, exploring key concepts like Network Hardware, Protocols, and
Wireless Technology. You will learn about the infrastructure and standards that form the
backbone of global connectivity, focusing on practical applications in both Local Area
Networks (LANs) and Wide Area Networks (WANs).
Course Objectives and Scope:

Primary Objectives:
1. To provide a comprehensive understanding of communication networks.
2. To explain the roles of network hardware and protocols in enabling connectivity.
3. To explore the design and implementation of various network topologies.
4. To compare key models, such as the OSI Model and the DoD Model, and their
applications.
5. To develop the skills required to build, configure, and optimize networks.
Scope:
- Theoretical and practical knowledge of networking components.
- Protocols used for seamless data transfer.
- Wireless communication methods and their applications.
- Design principles for scalable and efficient network infrastructures
Course Structure and Content:

1. Understanding Network Hardware Network hardware includes physical devices and
logical components that enable communication between systems.
This section covers the following:
Routers
- Role: Directs data between networks using IP addresses.
- Application: Facilitates internet access and inter-network communication.
Switches
- Role: Manages data flow within a network.
- Application: Connects multiple devices in a LAN, ensuring efficient communication.
Hubs
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Priyanshu Prince
- Role: Basic devices that broadcast data to all connected devices.
- Application: Used in simple networks but largely replaced by switches.
Modems
- Role: Converts digital signals to analog for internet transmission and vice versa.
- Application: Acts as a bridge between a network and an ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Access Points
- Role: Enables wireless connectivity within networks
- Application: Essential in creating Wi-Fi networks.
2. Exploring Protocols Protocols are standardized rules that govern communication between
devices. This section delves into:
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
- Ensures reliable communication over networks.
- Used for most internet-based communications.
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP/HTTPS)
- Protocol for transferring web pages and other resources.
- HTTPS adds encryption for secure data transfer.
Domain Name System (DNS)
- Resolves domain names to IP addresses.
- Ensures users can access websites via user-friendly URLs.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- SMTP: Governs sending emails.
- FTP: Manages file transfers between devices.
3. Wireless Technology Wireless networking is transforming communication by eliminating

the need for physical cables. Topics include:
Wi-Fi
- Provides wireless internet and intranet connectivity.
- Commonly used in homes, offices, and public spaces. Bluetooth
- Short-range communication protocol for connecting devices like headphones and wearables.
Mobile Networks
- Use of 3G, 4G, and 5G technologies for wide-area wireless communication.
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Priyanshu Prince
4. Network Topologies Network topology refers to the arrangement of devices in a network.
This section covers:
Bus Topology
- A single cable connects all devices.
- Cost-effective but prone to failure.
Star Topology
- Devices connect to a central hub.
- Easy to troubleshoot and widely used
Ring Topology
- Devices form a closed loop.
- Offers balanced performance but has single-point failure issues.
Mesh Topology
- Every device connects to every other device.
- Provides redundancy and reliability.
Hybrid Topology
- Combines multiple topologies to suit specific needs.
- Flexible and scalable.
5. LANs vs WANs LAN (Local Area Network)

- Covers small areas like homes, schools, or offices.
- High speed and low cost.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
- Spans large geographical areas.
- Connects multiple LANs using public or private networks.
Learning Objectives in Detail:
Objective 1: OSI Model vs DoD Model OSI Model
- Seven-layer model standardizing communication.
- Layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
- Emphasizes interoperability and abstraction.
DoD Model (TCP/IP Model)
- Simplified four-layer model focusing on real-world implementation.
- Layers: Network Interface, Internet, Transport, Application.
- Practical and widely adopted in modern networking. Comparison
- OSI is theoretical; DoD is implementation-driven.
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Priyanshu Prince
- OSI has more detailed layers, while DoD groups them for simplicity.
Objective 2: Networking Hardware
- Compare the functionality, scalability, and cost of routers, switches, hubs, and modems.
- Evaluate the advantages of wireless access points in modern networks.
Objective 3: Network Topologies
- Discuss the scenarios where each topology is best suited.
- Compare the performance, cost, and complexity of different layouts.
- Understand how topologies affect network reliability and scalability.
Practical Applications:
Network Design and Creation
- Steps for setting up a small-scale LAN:
- Select appropriate hardware (switches, routers).
- Configure IP addresses and protocols.
- Test connectivity using tools like ping and traceroute.
Methods for scaling networks into WANs:
- Employing leased lines or VPNs for secure connections.
- Utilizing dynamic routing protocols like OSPF or BGP. Troubleshooting and Optimization
- Identifying and resolving common network issues:
- Packet loss, latency, and hardware failures.
- Tools for monitoring and analyzing networks:
- Wireshark, Nagios, and SolarWinds.
Conclusion
The Computer Networking Course provides a robust framework for understanding the
principles and practices of networking. By mastering the concepts of network hardware,
protocols and topologies, learners can design, implement, and troubleshoot efficient
networks. Practical applications, coupled with theoretical insights, prepare students for roles
in IT infrastructure management and system design. This knowledge is essential for
navigating the interconnected digital landscape, enabling individuals to contribute to
advancements in technology and communication
References
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Priyanshu Prince
https://www.coursera.org/account/accomplishments/certificate/97ZV5SMW95FM
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
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Priyanshu Prince

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School of Computer Science and Information Technology

Online Certification Course

USN(s) and Group Members Name(s) - 23BCAR0370

Name of Faculty In-Charge : Mrs Nidhya MS

Course Objectives and Scope:

Course Structure and Content:

3. Wireless Technology Wireless networking is transforming communication by eliminating

5. LANs vs WANs LAN (Local Area Network)

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