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Assignment 4

Ode assignment

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nitinvishwakarma6161
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16 views

Assignment 4

Ode assignment

Uploaded by

nitinvishwakarma6161
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTH 421A

Assignment - 4
1. Consider the equation (1 + x2 )y ′′ + 2xy ′ − 2y = 0.
(i) Find its general solution in the form y = a0 y2 (x) + a1 y1 (x), where y1 (x) and y2 (x)
are power series.
(ii) Find the radius of convergence for y1 (x) and y2 (x).
(iii) Further, using the fact that y1 (x) = x, find a second linearly independent solution
for the above equation.
2. Find general solution for the following differential equation
(1 + x2 )y ′′ − 4xy ′ + 6y = 0.

3. Show that the fundamental system of solutions around x = 0 of Legendre equation


(1 − x2 )y ′′ − 2xy ′ + p(p + 1)y = 0
consists of y1 (x) = ∞ 2n
and y2 (x) = ∞ 2n+1
P P
n=0 a2n x n=0 a2n+1 x , where a0 = a1 = 1 and
(p − 2n)(p + 2n + 1)
a2n+2 = − a2n , n = 0, 1, 2, · · ·
(2n + 1)(2n + 2)
(p − 2n + 1)(p + 2n)
a2n+1 = − a2n−1 , n = 1, 2, 3, · · · .
2n(2n + 1)
1 1+x
(a) Verify that, for p = 0, y1 (x) = P0 (x) = 1, y2 (x) =
ln ,
2 1−x
x 1−x
for p = 1, y2 (x) = P1 (x) = x, y1 (x) = 1 − ln .
2 1+x
(b) Legendre polynomial Pn of degree n is given by Rodrigues’ formula
1 dn
Pn (x) = n [(x2 − 1)n ]. Using this, find P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 .
2 n! dxn
4. Show that
(i) Pn (−x) = (−1)n Pn (x) (ii) Pn′ (−x) = (−1)n+1 Pn′ (x)
Z 1 Z 1
2
(iii) Pn (x)Pm (x) dx = δmn (iv) xm Pn (x) dx = 0 if m < n
−1 2n + 1 −1
Z 1
5. Suppose m > n. Show that xm Pn (x) dx = 0 if m − n is odd. What happens if
−1
m − n is even?
∞
1 X
6. The function on the left side of √ = Pn (x)tn is called the generating
1 − 2xt + t2
n=0
function of the Legendre polynomial Pn . Using this relation, show that
(i) (n + 1)Pn+1 (x) − (2n + 1)xPn (x) + nPn−1 (x) = 0 (ii) nPn (x) = xPn′ (x) − Pn−1
′
(x)
′
(iii) Pn+1 (x) − xPn′ (x) = (n + 1)Pn (x) ; (iv) Pn (1) = 1, Pn (−1) = (−1)n
1 · 3 · 5 · · · · · · (2n − 1)
(v) P2n+1 (0) = 0, P2n (0) = (−1)n
2n n!

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