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Lecture 1

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7 views

Lecture 1

Uploaded by

anmol.a.karan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STD IX-2Yr Lecture 1 M.

Prakash Institute

Classwork:
1. Notation:
Line segment joining points A and B is denoted by AB.
←
−−
→
Line passing through points A and B is denoted by AB .
Angle ABC is denoted by ∠ABC or ∠B.
Length of AB is denoted by AB.
Measure of ∠ABC is denoted by m∠ABC or B.
2. Measure of angle associated with one complete rotation = 360.
1
1 straight angle = 2
complete rotation = 180.
3. Sum of measures of the angle in a linear pair is 180.
4. Measures of vertex opposite angles are equal.
5. Theorem Sum of measures of the angles of a triangle is 180.
Method: Soldier Gun Model
6. Theorem In △ABC, if AB = AC then C = B.
7. Theorem In △ABC, if B = C then AC = AB.
8. Find the sum of the interior angles of a quadrilateral.
9. Find the sum of the interior angles of a pentagon.
10. Find the sum of the interior angles of a Hexagon.
11. Find the sum of the interior angles of a 20-gon.
12. Theorem Find the sum of the interior angles of a n-gon.
13. Theorem The sum of exterior angles of any convex polygon
is 360.
14. Deduce 12 once again using 13.
15. Choose any point P in the interior of given n-gon. Join P to
all the vertices of the given n-gon. Now prove 12 once again.
16. 2ABCD is a square. Find measures of all the angles in the
following figure.
D C

A B
Dear Students,
We will be assigning homework to you after every lecture.
We have designed this homework for you so that you get an oppor-
tunity to master the concepts taught in the class.
You are expected to maintain a file in which all the homework is
systematically documented.
You must draw the diagrams using proper instruments.
After you have completed the solution of the assigned problem, you
must develop the habit of giving a second thought to the problem.
You must ask yourself several questions.
(1) Have I luckily solved the problem?
(2) Have I understood the theme of the problem?
(3) Why did I take so long to solve the problem?
(4) If a similar problem is asked, how can I do it in less time?
(5) Are there other methods of solving the same problem?
(6) Have I discovered some other results on my own?
(7) Do I know the proofs of the standard results I have used in
solving the problem?
(8) What did I enjoy/appreciate most in this problem.
You should follow above instructions diligently every time you do
the assignment and for each problem.

Of course there will be some problems you may not be able to solve
independently. We will always provide you with outline of the so-
lutions of all the homework problems. We have great trust in you.
We are sure that you will never misuse the ready solutions provided
to you. You will look at them only after you have already tried to
solve that problem on your own. Further, you will only read a part
of the solution and try to complete the solution on your own.
Some times you may have solved the problem but do not know how
to present your solution systematically. In this case also you should
read the given outline of the solution which will help you in prepar-
ing your own solution. In a rare case you may not understand our
solution. You must write down the precise step you have not un-
derstood and ask your teacher to explain that specific doubt.
Finally, even if you have solved the problem you must care-
fully read the given solution. You get a chance to locate mis-
takes if any from your solution. Moreover our solution may be
different and you can enjoy one more method of solving the prob-
lem.

Homework:
H1: Prove that x = y

x y

H2: Find x + y

x
o
116
y

H3: Find x + z

x
y
y

H4: Find x

o
110

o
96

x
H5: Find a + b + c in each case, if possible.
(△s are not equilateral /isosceles )

c
b a a
a
o
72 b
a c
c b c
o
100
b

(i) ( ii ) ( iii ) ( iv )

H6: △ABC is a right angled △, right angled at B. Let BD⊥AC.


if m∠CAB = 27◦ , find m∠DBC.

O
27

B C

H7. In square ABCD, point E is chosen in the interior of 2ABCD


so that △EBC is equilateral. Let BD intersect EC in P . Find
m∠EP D.
H8. In △ABC, m∠BAC = 80. The bisectors of ∠ABC and
∠ACB intersect each other at point I, then find m∠BIC.
H9. In △ABC, BE and CF are altitudes and intersect at H. If
m∠BAC = 70 then find m∠BHC.
H10. AB is a diameter of a circle with center M . C is a point on
the circle. If m∠ACM = 20, then find m∠ABC.
H11. AB is a diameter of a circle with center M . C is a point on
the circle. If m∠CM B = 48, then find m∠ACM .
H12. In △ABC, the bisector of ∠BAC cuts BC at D, if ∠ABC =
x and ∠ACB = y, find m∠ADC in terms of x, y.
H13. Each angle of a polygon is 140; how many sides does it have
?
H14. The sum of the interior angles of an n-sided convex polygon
is double the sum of the exterior angles. Find n.
Outline of Solution to few Homework Problems
In each problem it is assumed that you have drawn your own figure
using proper instruments.
H7 As ∆BCD is isosceles right angled triangle (why?) we obtain
m∠DBC = 45.(1)
Equilateral ∆EBC gives m∠BCE = 60. (2)
Applying Thm: The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180
to ∆P BC and using (1) and (2) we obtain m∠BP C = 75.
Finally using Thm: Measure of vertex opposite angles are equal,
we get, m∠EP D = 75.
H8 Applying Thm: The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is
180 to ∆IBC we get,
m∠BIC = 180−m∠IBC− m∠ICB
= 180 − 21 (m∠ABC) − 21 (m∠ACB)
= 180 − 21 (m∠ABC+m∠ACB)
= 180 − 12 (180−m∠BAC)
= 180 − 12 (180 − 80) = 130.
H9 In 2AEHF use (1) A + E + H + F = 360 (2) E = F = 90
(why?) and (3) A = 70 to obtain H =m∠F HE = 110. Finally
use that ∠F HE and ∠CHB are vertex opposite angles to obtain
m∠BHC = 110.
H10 In ∆M CA, M C = M A which gives m∠M AC =m∠M CA =
20.
Applying Thm: The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180
to ∆M AC we get, m∠AM C = 140. This gives m∠CM B = 140.
(why?)
Note that ∆M BC is isosceles to obtain m∠M BC =m∠ABC = 70.
H11 m∠CM B = 48 is given. Deduce m∠CM A. Note that ∆M CA
isosceles triangle. Use sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180
to conclude m∠M CA = 24.
H12 First deduce that A = 180 − x − y. This gives 12 A = 90 − 21 x −
1
2
y. Now in ∆ADC we get, m∠ADC = 180−mACD−m∠DAC =
180 − y − 21 A = 180 − y − (90 − 21 x − 12 y) = 90 − 21 y + 12 x.
H13 Let the polygon have n sides. Therefore the polygon has n
angles. As each angle has measure 140 implies that the sum of the
interior angles = 140n. Now we use the theorem that the sum of the
interior angles of a polygon with n sides is (n − 2) × 180. Equating
these we get 140n = 180(n − 2) which gives n = 9.
Method2: Let the polygon have n sides. Therefore the polygon has
n angles. As all angles are equal to 140, all exterior angles are equal
to 40. Hence their sum equals 40n. Now we use the theorem that
sum of the exterior angles of a polygon is always 360. This gives
40n = 360 giving n = 9.
H14 We have 180(n − 2) = 2(360) which gives n = 6.

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