Pre Calculus Sequence and Series

Senior High School:
Pre-Calculus
Prepared by: Sir EJ
Table of contents
Sequence and Binomial

01 Series 02 Expansion
Trigonometry
03
01
Sequence and
Series
Arithmetic and Geometric
Introduction
2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, …

Curly brackets
An ordered list of
(braces)
numbers 𝒂𝒏 notation used
for sequence
Introduction
𝑎𝑛 = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, … ellipsis

Infinite Sequence (means that the pattern of
the terms continue
𝑎𝑛 = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, … , 2048, 4096

Finite Sequence
Example
1. Write the first three terms of the sequence whose nth term is
given by the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 1.
Example
given by the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 − 3.
Example
given by the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 1 − 3𝑛.
What is a Series?
• It is the sum of numbers
• The sum of the first n terms of the sequence is called finite
series. 𝑛
𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + 𝑎4 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛 = ෍ 𝑎𝑖
𝑖=1
• The sum of all terms of the infinite sequence is called infinite

series. ∞
𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + 𝑎4 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑖−1 + 𝑎𝑖 = ෍ 𝑎𝑖
𝑖=1
Example
1. Write out the terms of each of the following series.
𝑛 𝑛
𝑎. ෍(4𝑖 + 3) 𝑏. ෍ 2𝑖+1
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Example
1. Write out the terms of each of the following series.
𝑛
𝑐. ෍ −1 𝑖 (3𝑖 2 )
𝑖=1
Example
Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence, and give
their associated series.
1. 2 − 𝑛
Example
Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence, and give
their associated series.
2. 1 + 2𝑛 + 3𝑛2
Sigma Notation
Properties of Sums
𝑛 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛+1
1. ෍ 𝑐 = 𝑐(𝑛 − 𝑚 + 1) 4. ෍ 𝑖 =
2
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 + 1 (2𝑛 + 1)
2. ෍ 𝑐𝑎𝑖 = 𝑐 ෍ 𝑎𝑖 5. ෍ 𝑖 2 =
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
6
𝑖=1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 2
𝑛 𝑛+1
3. ෍(𝑎𝑖 ± 𝑏𝑖 ) = ෍ 𝑎𝑖 ± ෍ 𝑏𝑖 6. ෍ 𝑖 3 =
2
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Example
Evaluate the series
4 3
1. ෍(3𝑖 − 7) 2. ෍ 2𝑖 2 + 𝑖 + 3
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Arithmetic
Sequence and Series
• If the differences between consecutive terms are the same.
𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 𝑎3 − 𝑎2 = 𝑎4 − 𝑎3 = ⋯ = 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛−1 = d
The other term for arithmetic sequence is arithmetic progression.

Where d is for the common difference.
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
Example
1. Find the indicated term in each sequence.
a. 9, 14, 19, 24, …. (10th term) b. 7, 13, 19, 25, …. (25th term)
Example
2. Find the first term and the common difference of the arithmetic
sequence, given the 5th term is 3; and 21st term is 35. Give a
recursive formula for the sequence.
Example
3. Find the first term and the common difference of the arithmetic
sequence, given the 21st term is 195; and 10th term is 85. Give a
recursive formula for the sequence.
Example
4. Find the sum of the first twenty-two terms of the arithmetic
sequence in which 𝑎1 = 90, and 𝑎22 = 5.
𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑛
2
Example
5. Find the sum of the first twenty terms of the arithmetic
sequence in which 𝑎1 = 5, and 𝑎20 = 22.
𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑛
2
Example
6. Find the sum of the first ten terms of the arithmetic sequence
in which 𝑎1 = 3 and 𝑑 = 4.
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2𝑎1 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2
Example
7. Find the sum of the first twenty-eight terms of the arithmetic
sequence 100, 93, 86, …
Geometric
Sequence and Series
• If the ratios of the consecutive terms are the same.
𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎4
= 𝑟, = 𝑟, = 𝑟, 𝑟≠0
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3
The number r is the common ratio of the sequence. Geometric
sequence is also called geometric progression.
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
Example
1. Find the 6th term of the geometric sequence whose
first term is 9 and whose common ratio is 3.
Example
2. Find the 8th term of the geometric sequence whose
first term is -1 and whose common ratio is 3.
Example
3. Find the 15th term of the geometric sequence 3, 15, 75,…
Example
4. Find the 7th term of the geometric sequence 4, 3, 9/4, ....
Example
1 1 1
5. Determine the sum of the geometric series + +
2 22 23
1
+ ⋯+ . 𝑛
1 − 𝑟𝑛
210 𝑆𝑛 = ෍ 𝑎𝑘 𝑟 𝑘−1 = 𝑎1
1−𝑟
𝑖=1
Example
2 2 2
6. Determine the sum of the geometric series + 2 + +
5 5 53
2
⋯+ . 𝑛
1 − 𝑟𝑛
510 𝑆𝑛 = ෍ 𝑎𝑘 𝑟 𝑘−1 = 𝑎1
1−𝑟
𝑖=1
Example
1 1
7. Determine the sum of the geometric series 1 + + +⋯
5 52
𝑛
𝑎1
𝑆𝑛 = ෍ 𝑎𝑘 𝑟 𝑘 =
1−𝑟
𝑖=1
Example
8. Determine the sum of the geometric series 10 + 6 + 3.6 + ⋯
𝑛
𝑎1
𝑆𝑛 = ෍ 𝑎𝑘 𝑟 𝑘 =
1−𝑟
𝑖=1

Pre Calculus Sequence and Series

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Pre Calculus Sequence and Series

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Senior High School:

Sequence and Binomial

2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, …

𝑎𝑛 = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, … ellipsis

𝑎𝑛 = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, … , 2048, 4096

• The sum of all terms of the infinite sequence is called infinite

The other term for arithmetic sequence is arithmetic progression.

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