Yokohama Mathematical

Journal Vol. 55, 2010

B. Y. CHEN’S INEQUALITY AND ITS

APPLICATIONS TO SLANT IMMERSIONS INTO
LOCALLY CONFORMAL ALMOST COSYMPLECTIC
MANIFOLDS

By
S.S. Shukla and Pavan Kumar Chaubey
(Received November 21, 2008)

Abstract. In this paper we establish B.Y. Chen’s inequality for a submanifold

of a locally conformal almost cosymplectic manifold of pointwise constant φ-
sectional curvature, tangent to the structure vector field of the ambient space.
Some applications to slant submanifolds are also discussed.

1. Introduction

In the study of submanifold theory, one of the basic interests is to find rela-
tionships between the main extrinsic invariants and the main intrinsic invariants
of a submanifold. Let M be an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold. For each
point p ∈ M , put

(inf K)(p) = inf{K(π) : plane sections π ⊂ Tp M }

where K(π) denotes the sectional curvature of M associated with π. Let

(1. 1) δM (p) = τ (p) − inf K(p),

where τ is scalar curvature of M . Then δM is a Riemannian invariant introduced

by Chen [4], [6].
m
For an n-dimensional submanifold M in a real-space form R (c), Chen estab-
lished the following basic inequality involving the intrinsic invariant δM and the
squared mean curvature of the immersion
n2 (n − 2) 1
(1. 2) δM ≤ kH k2 + (n + 1)(n − 2)c,
2(n − 1) 2
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 53D10, 53D15
Key words and phrases: Locally conformal almost Cosymplectic manifold, slant submani-
fold, semi-slant submanifold, squared mean curvature, minimal submanifold.
114 S. S. SHUKLA AND P. K. CHAUBEY

The above inequality is also true for anti-invariant submanifolds in complex space
forms M (4c), [7]. In [1], A. Carriazo established a contact version of Chen’s in-
equality for submanifolds of a Sasakian space form. In [19], authors established
similar inequality for submanifolds of a Kenmotsu manifold. As we know, there is
an interesting class of almost contact metric manifolds, which are locally confor-
mal almost cosymplectic manifolds. This class of manifolds includes Kenmotsu
manifolds. In [18] authors established a basic inequality for submanifolds in a
locally conformal almost cosymplectic manifolds and also dicussed its some appli-
cations. The purpose of the present paper is to study slant submanifolds tangent
to the structure vector field in a locally conformal almost cosymplectic manifold
of pointwise constant φ-sectional curvature.

2. Preliminaries

Let M be a (2m + 1)-dimensional almost contact metric manifold with struc-

ture tensors (φ, ξ, η, g), where φ is a (1, 1) tensor field, ξ is a vector field, η a one
form and g the Riemannian metric on M , such that

φ2 = −I + η ⊗ ξ, η(ξ) = 1, φξ = 0, η ◦ φ = 0,
g(φX, φY ) = g(X, Y ) − η(X)η(Y ), η(X) = g(X, ξ),

for any vector fields X, Y on M .

The almost contact structure is said to be normal if the induced almost complex
structure J on the product manifold M × R defined by J(X, λ dtd ) = (φX −
λξ, η(X) dtd ) is integrable, where X is tangent to M , t the coordinate on R and λ
a smooth function on M × R. The manifold M is said to be normal if the almost
complex structure J is integrable which is equivalent to vanishing of the torsion
tensor [φ, φ] + 2dη ⊗ ξ, where [φ, φ] is the Nijenhuis tensor of φ. Let Φ denote the
fundamental 2-form of M defined by Φ(X, Y ) = g(X, φY ) for any vector fields
X, Y tangent to M . If the fundamental 2-form Φ and 1-form η are closed, then
M is said to be almost cosymplectic manifold. A normal almost cosymplectic
manifold is cosymplectic [10]. M is called a locally conformal almost cosymplectic
manifold [21] if there exists a 1-form ω such that

dΦ = 2ω ∧ Φ, dη = ω ∧ η and dω = 0.

A necessary and sufficient condition for a structure to be normal locally con-

formal almost cosymplectic is [16]

(2. 1) (∇X φ)Y = f (g(φX, Y )ξ − η(Y )φX),

 B. Y. CHEN’S INEQUALITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS 115

where ∇ is the Levi-Civita connection of the Riemannian metric g and ω = f η.

From (2.1) it follows that

(2. 2) ∇X ξ = f (X − η(X)ξ).

A plane section σ in Tp M of an almost contact metric manifold M is called

a φ-section if it is spanned by X and φX, where X is an unit tangent vector
orthogonal to ξ. The sectional curvature of a φ-section is called φ-sectional
curvature. M is of pointwise constant φ-sectional curvature if at each point
p ∈ M , the sectional curvature K(σ) does not depend on the choice of the φ-
section σ of Tp M and in this case for p ∈ M and for any φ-section σ of Tp M ,
the function c defined by c(p) = K(σ) is called the φ-sectional curvature of M .
A locally conformal almost cosymplectic manifold M of dimension ≥ 5 is of
pointwise constant φ-sectional curvature if and only if its curvature tensor R is
of the form [21]
c − 3f 2
(2. 3) R(X, Y, Z, W ) = {g(X, W )g(Y, Z) − g(X, Z)g(Y, W )}
4
c + f2
+ {g(X, φW )g(Y, φZ) − g(X, φZ)g(Y, φW )
4
c + f2
− 2g(X, φY )g(Z, φW )} − ( + f 0 ){g(X, W )η(Y )η(Z)
4
− g(X, Z)η(Y )η(W ) + g(Y, Z)η(X)η(W ) − g(Y, W )η(X)η(Z)}
where f is the function such that ω = f η, f 0 = ξf ; and c is the pointwise
constant φ-sectional curvature of M .

Let M be an (n + 1)-dimensional submanifold of a (2m + 1)-dimensional normal

locally conformal almost cosymplectic manifold M (c) of pointwise constant φ-
sectional curvature c. The Gauss and Weingarten formulae are given respectively
by

∇X Y = ∇X Y + h(X, Y )

and

∇X N = −AN X + ∇⊥
X N,

for all X, Y ∈ T M and N ∈ T ⊥ M , where ∇, ∇ and ∇⊥ are Riemannian, induced

Riemannian and induced normal connections in M , M and the normal bundle
T ⊥ M of M respectively and h is the second fundamental form related to the
shape operator A by
g(h(X, Y ), N ) = g(AN X, Y ).
116 S. S. SHUKLA AND P. K. CHAUBEY

From equation (2.2), we have

(2. 4) h(X, ξ) = 0.

The equation of Gauss is given by

(2. 5) R(X, Y, Z, W ) = R(X, Y, Z, W )

+ g(h(X, W ), h(Y, Z)) − g(h(X, Z), h(Y, W )),

for any vector fields X, Y, Z and W tangent to M , where we denote as usual

R(X, Y, Z, W ) = −g(R(X, Y )Z, W ).

Let p ∈ M and {e1 , e2 , . . . , en+1 } an orthonormal basis of the tangent space Tp M .

The mean curvature vector H(p) at p ∈ M is
n+1
1 X
(2. 6) H(p) = h(ei , ei ).
n + 1 i=1

The submanifold M is totally geodesic in M if h = 0 and minimal if H = 0. We

set
n+1
X
(2. 7) hrij = g(h(ei , ej ), er ) and khk2 = g(h(ei , ej ), h(ei , ej )).
i,j=1

For any X ∈ T M , we put φX = T X + N X, where T X (resp. N X) is the

tangential (resp. normal) component of φX.

We assume that the structure vector field ξ is tangential to M . Then the

tangent bundle T M can be decomposed as T M = D ⊕hξi, where D is orthogonal
distribution to hξi in T M .

Given a local orthonormal frame {e1 , . . . , en } of D, we can define the squared

norms of T and N by
n
X n
X
2 2 2
(2. 8) kT k = g (ei , T ej ), kN k = |N ei |2 , respectively.
i,j=1 i=1

It is easy to see that both kT k2 and kN k2 are independent of the choice of the
above orthonormal frame. The submanifold M is said to be invariant if N is
identically zero i.e. φX ∈ T M for any X ∈ T M . On the other hand, M is said
to be anti-invariant if T is identically zero, that is, φX ∈ T ⊥ M for any X ∈ T M .
 B. Y. CHEN’S INEQUALITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS 117

For each non-zero X ∈ Tp M , such that X is not proportional to ξp , let θ(X) be

the angle between φX and Tp M . Then M is said to be slant [14] if the angle θ(X)
is a constant, which is independent of the choice of p ∈ M and X ∈ Tp M − hξp i.
The angle θ of a slant immersion is called the slant angle of the immersion.
Invariant and anti-invariant immersions are slant immersions with slant angle
θ = 0 and θ = π2 respectively. A slant immersion which is neither invariant nor
anti-invariant is called a proper slant immersion.

For a θ-slant submanifold M of an almost contact metric manifold M , we have

[14]

(2. 9) g(T X, T Y ) = cos2 θ(g(X, Y ) − η(X)η(Y ))

(2. 10) g(N X, N Y ) = sin2 θ(g(X, Y ) − η(X)η(Y ))

for any X, Y ∈ T M . We also have
n
X
(2. 11) g 2 (ei , φej ) = cos2 θ,
j=1

for any i = 1, 2, . . . , n where {e1 , e2 , . . . , en , ξ} is a local orthonormal frame of

TM.

For an orthonormal basis {e1 , e2 , . . . , en+1 } of Tp M, p ∈ M , the scalar curvature

τ is defined by
X
(2. 12) τ= K(ei ∧ ej ),
i<j

where K(ei ∧ ej ) denotes the scalar curvature of M associated with the plane
section spanned by ei , ej .

In particular for en+1 = ξp , we have

n
X n
X
(2. 13) 2τ = K(ei ∧ ej ) + 2 K(ei ∧ ξ).
i6=j i=1

3. B.Y. Chen’s inequality

Let M be an (n + 1)-dimensional submanifold of M (c), tangent to the structure

vector field ξ and π ⊂ Dp a plane section at p ∈ M , orthogonal to ξp . Then

(3. 1) α(π) = g 2 (e1 , φe2 ),

118 S. S. SHUKLA AND P. K. CHAUBEY

is a real number in [0, 1], independent of the choice of the orthonormal basis
{e1 , e2 } of π. Let τ and K(π) be the scalar curvature and the sectional curvature
of M associated with π respectively.

We recall following Lemma [6]:

LEMMA 3.1. Let a1 , . . . , ak , c be k + 1(k ≥ 2) real numbers such that

à k !2 à k !
X X
ai = (k − 1) a2i + c .
i=1 i=1
Then, 2a1 a2 ≥ c with equality holding if and only if
a1 + a2 = a3 = · · · = ak .
Now, we have following theorem:

THEOREM 3.2. Let M be an (n + 1)-dimensional (n ≥ 2) submanifold iso-

metrically immersed in a (2m + 1)-dimensional normal locally conformal almost
cosymplectic manifold M (c) of pointwise constant φ-sectional curvature c, tan-
gent to the structure vector field ξ. Then for each point p ∈ M and any plane
section π ⊂ Dp , we have
(n + 1)2 (n − 1) 1
(3. 2) τ − K(π) ≤ kH k2 − (n + 2)(n − 1)f 2 − nf 0
µ 2
¶ 2n 2
c+f
+ (3 kT k2 − 6α(π) + (n + 1)(n − 2)) − kN k2 .
8
The equality in (3.2) holds at p ∈ M if and only if there exists an orthonormal
basis {e1 , . . . , en+1 } of Tp M and an orthonormal basis {en+1 , . . . , e2m+1 } of Tp⊥ M
such that
(a) en+1 = ξp ,
(b) π is spanned by e1 , e2 and
(c) the shape operators Ar = Aer , r = n + 2, . . . , 2m + 1,
take the following forms:
 
λ 0 0 µn+2
1
 0 µ 0 .. 
(3. 3) An+2 =   0


0 (λ + µ)In−2 µn+2
n
µn+2
1 .. µn+2
n 0
 r 
h11 hr12 0 µr1
hr12 −hr11 0 .. 
(3. 4) Ar =   0
 , r = n + 3, . . . , 2m + 1,
0 (λ + µ)In−2 µrn 
µr1 .. µrn 0
 B. Y. CHEN’S INEQUALITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS 119

where µri = g(φei , er ) for i = 1, . . . , n; r = n + 2, . . . , 2m + 1.

Proof. From (2.3), (2.5), (2.8) and (2.13), we have following relation between
the scalar curvature and mean curvature of M :
µ ¶
2 2 2 c − 3f 2
(3. 5) 2τ = (n + 1) kH k − khk + n(n + 1)
4
µ 2
¶ 2
c+f c+f
− 2n + f0 + 3 kT k2 ,
4 4
where khk2 denotes the norm of the second fundamental form h.

Let us put
µ ¶
(n + 1)2 (n − 1) 2 c − 3f 2
(3. 6) ² = 2τ − kH k − (n + 1)(n − 2)
n 4
2
µ 2
¶
3(c + f ) c+f
− kT k2 + 2n + f0 .
4 4
Then, from (3.5) and (3.6), we get
µ ¶
2 2 2 2(c − 3f 2 )
(3. 7) (n + 1) kH k = n khk + n ² − .
4
Let p ∈ M and π ⊂ Dp be a plane section. We choose an orthonormal basis
{e1 , . . . , en+1 } of Tp M and an orthonormal basis {en+2 , . . . , e2m+1 } of Tp⊥ M such
that en+1 = ξp , π = span{e1 , e2 } and the mean curvature vector H(p) is parallel
to en+2 .

Hence, from (3.7), we get

à n+1 !2 ( n+1 2m+1 n+1
X X X X X
(3. 8) hn+2
ii = n (hn+2 2
ii ) + (hn+2 2
ij ) + (hrij )2
i=1 i=1 i6=j r=n+3 i,j=1
)
2(c − 3f 2 )
+²− .
4
Now, applying Lemma (3.1), we have
X 2m+1
X X n+1
2(c − 3f 2 )
(3. 9) 2hn+2 n+2
11 h22 ≥ (hn+2
ij )
2
+ (hrij )2 + ² − .
i6=j r=n+3 i,j=1
4
From (2.3),(2.5), we have
c − 3f 2 3
(3. 10) K(π) = + (c + f 2 )α(π)
4 4
2m+1
X
+ hn+2 n+2
11 h22 − (hn+2
12 )
2
+ (hr11 hr22 − (hr12 )2 ).
r=n+3
120 S. S. SHUKLA AND P. K. CHAUBEY

Then, using (3.9),(3.10), we have

2m+1
X Xn n
1 X n+2 2
(3. 11) K(π) ≥ {(hr1j )2 + (hr2j )2 } + (hij )
r=n+2 j=3
2 i6=j>2
2m+1 n 2m+1
1 X X r 2 1 X r
+ (h ) + (h + hr22 )2
2 r=n+3 i,j=3 ij 2 r=n+3 11
2m+1
X X n
² 3
+ + (c + f 2 )α(π) + (hrin+1 )2 .
2 4 r=n+2 i=1

Now, from (2.4) and (2.8), we get

2m+1
X n
X
(3. 12) (hrin+1 )2 = kN k2 .
r=n+2 i=1

In view of (3.6), (3.11) and (3.12), we obtain (3.2).

If the equality in (3.2) holds, then the inequalities in (3.9) and (3.11) become
equalities. So using Lemma (3.1) and (2.4), we have

hn+2
1j = 0, hn+2
2j = 0, hn+2
ij = 0, 2 < i 6= j < n;

hr1j = hr2j = hrij = 0, r = n + 3, . . . , 2m + 1, i, j = 3, . . . , n,

hn+3 n+3 2m+1

11 + h22 = · · · = h11 + h2m+1
22 = 0;

hn+2 n+2 n+2 2m+1

11 + h22 = h33 = · · · = hn+1n+1 = 0.

Hence, if we also choose e1 , e2 such that hn+2

12 = 0, then we obtain (3.3) and (3.4).
The converse can be proved by straightforward computation.

Now, for each point p ∈ M , we define

(inf D K)(p) = inf{K(π) : plane section π ⊂ Dp }.

Thus, infD K is a well-defined function on M .

D
Let us define δM as the difference between the scalar curvature and inf D K, that
is,
D
(3. 13) δM (p) = τ (p) − inf D K(p).

Then, from (1.1) and (3.13) it follows that

D
(3. 14) δM ≤ δM .
 B. Y. CHEN’S INEQUALITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS 121

On the other hand, if M is anti-invariant immersion, then kT k2 = 0, kN k2 = n

and α(π) = 0, for any plane section π orthogonal to ξ. Hence from (3.2), we
have

COROLLARY 3.3. Let M be an (n + 1)-dimensional anti-invariant submanifold

isometrically immersed in a (2m + 1)-dimensional normal locally conformal al-
most cosymplectic manifold M (c) of pointwise constant φ-sectional curvature c.
Then we have
(n + 1)2 (n − 1) 1
(3. 15) D
δM ≤ kH k2 − (n + 2)(n − 1)f 2
2n 2
2
c + f
− nf 0 − n + (n + 1)(n − 2).
8

4. Applications to slant immersions

Let M be an (n + 1)-dimensional (n ≥ 2), θ-slant submanifold of an almost

contact metric manifold. Then using (2.8), (2.10) and (2.11), we get

(4. 1) kT k2 = n cos2 θ and kN k2 = n sin2 θ.

Now, from (3.2) and (4.1), we have

THEOREM 4.1. Let M be an (n + 1)-dimensional (n ≥ 2), θ-slant submanifold

isometrically immersed in a (2m + 1)-dimensional normal locally conformal al-
most cosymplectic manifold M (c) of pointwise constant φ-sectional curvature c.
Then, for each point p ∈ M and any plane section π ⊂ Dp , we have

(n + 1)2 (n − 1) 1
(4. 2) τ − K(π) ≤ kH k2 − (n + 2)(n + 1)f 2 − nf 0
2n 2
2
c+f
− n sin2 θ + (3n cos2 θ − 6α(π) + (n + 1)(n − 2)).
8
COROLLARY 4.2. Let M be a 3-dimensional θ-slant submanifold of M (c), then
9
(4. 3) D
δM ≤ kH k2 − 2(f 2 + f 0 + sin2 θ),
4
with equality holding if f = 1 and M is minimal invariant submanifold.

Proof. For n = 2, we have

D
(4. 4) δM = τ − K(D) and α(π) = cos2 θ.
122 S. S. SHUKLA AND P. K. CHAUBEY

So (4.3) follows from (4.2) and (4.4).

On the other hand, we have

τ = K(e1 ∧ e2 ) + K(e1 ∧ ξ) + K(e2 ∧ ξ) and

K(D) = K(e1 ∧ e2 ).

So, τ − K(D) = K(e1 ∧ ξ) + K(e2 ∧ ξ) = −(f 2 + 2f 0 ).

Therefore, equality in (4.3) holds if f = 1 and M is minimal invariant submani-

fold.

5. Chen’s inequality for semi-slant submanifolds

At first, we recall:

DEFINITION 5.1. ([13]) A differentiable distribution D on M is called a slant

distribution if for each x ∈ M and each non-zero vector X ∈ Dx , the angle θD (X)
between φX and the vector subspace Dx is constant, which is independent of the
choice of x ∈ M and X ∈ Dx . In this case, the constant angle θD is called the
slant angle of the distribution D.

DEFINITION 5.2. ([13]) A submanifold M tangent to ξ is said to be a semi-

slant submanifold of M if there exist two orthogonal distributions D1 and D2 on
M such that
(i) T M admits the orthogonal direct decomposition T M = D1 ⊕ D2 ⊕ {ξ},
(ii) the distribution D1 is an invariant distribution, that is φ(D1 ) = D1 ,
(iii) the distribution D2 is slant with angle θ 6= 0.

In this section, we establish Chen’s inequality for proper semi-slant submanifolds

in a locally conformal almost cosymplectic manifold of pointwise constant φ-
sectional curvature. We consider plane sections σ orthogonal to ξ and invariant
by P and denote dim D1 = 2d1 and dim D2 = 2d2 .

THEOREM 5.1. Let M be an n-dimensional proper semi-slant submanifold in

a (2m + 1)-dimensional locally conformal almost cosymplectic manifold M (c) of
 B. Y. CHEN’S INEQUALITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS 123

pointwise constant φ-sectional curvature c. Then

½ 2 µ ¶ ¾
n−2 n 2 c − 3f 2
(5. 1) K(π) ≥ τ − kH k − (n + 1)
2 n−1 4
c + f2
+ {3d2 cos2 θ + 3(d1 − 1) − (n − 1)} − (n − 1)f 0 ,
4
for any plane section π invariant by P and tangent to D1 , and
½ 2 µ ¶ ¾
n−2 n 2 c − 3f 2
(5. 2) K(π) ≥ τ − kH k − (n + 1)
2 n−1 4
c + f2
+ {3(d2 − 1) cos2 θ + 3d1 − (n − 1)} − (n − 1)f 0 ,
4
for any plane section π invariant by P and tangent to D2 .

The equality case of inequalities (5.1) and (5.2) holds at a point p ∈ M if and only
if there exists an orthonormal basis {e1 , . . . , en = ξ} of Tp M and an orthonormal
basis {en+1 , . . . , e2m , e2m+1 } of Tp⊥ M such that the shape operators of M in M (c)
at p have the following forms:
 
a 0 0 0
(5. 3) An+1 = 0 b 0 0 , a + b = µ,
0 0 µIn−2 0
 r 
h11 hr12 0 0
(5. 4) Ar = hr12 −hr11 0 0 , r ∈ {n + 2, . . . , 2m + 1}.
0 0 0n−2 0

Proof. Let p ∈ M . We choose an orthonormal basis {e1 , e2 , . . . , en = ξ} of Tp M

and an orthonormal basis {en+1 , . . . , e2m , e2m+1 } of Tp⊥ M .

For X = Z = ei and Y = W = ej , ∀i, j ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n}, the equation (2.3)

implies that that
X c − 3f 2
(5. 5) R(ei , ej , ei , ej ) = (n − n2 )
i,j
4
X n µ ¶
3 2 2 c + f2 0
− (c + f ) g (φei , ej ) + 2(n − 1) +f .
4 i,j=1
4

Let M be a proper semi-slant submanifold of M (c) and dim M = n = 2d1 +

124 S. S. SHUKLA AND P. K. CHAUBEY

2d2 + 1. We consider an adapted orthonormal frame

(5. 6) e1 , e2 = φe1 , . . . , e2d1 −1 , e2d = φe2d1 −1 ,

1
e2d1 +1 , e2d1 +2 = P e2d1 +1 , . . . , e2d1 +2d2 −1 ,
cos θ
1
e2d1 +2d2 = P e2d1 +2d2 −1 , e2d1 +2d2 +1 = ξ.
cos θ
From (5.6), we have

(5. 7) g 2 (φei , ei+1 ) = 1, for i ∈ {1, . . . , 2d1 − 1}

= cos2 θ, for i ∈ {2d1 + 1, . . . , 2d1 + 2d2 − 1}.

Then, we get
n
X
(5. 8) g 2 (φei , ej ) = 2(d1 + d2 cos2 θ).
i,j=1

From (5.5), we have

X c − 3f 2 3
(5. 9) R(ei , ej , ei , ej ) = (n − n2 ) − (c + f 2 )(d1 + d2 cos2 θ)
i,j
4 2
µ ¶
c + f2
+2 + f 0 (n − 1).
4
The equation (5.9) implies that
¶µ
2 2 c − 3f 2
2
(5. 10) 2τ = n kH k − khk − n(n − 1)
4
µ ¶
3 2 2 c + f2 0
− (c + f )(d1 + d2 cos θ) + 2 + f (n − 1).
2 4
We set
µ ¶
n2 2 c − 3f 2
(5. 11) ρ = 2τ − (n − 2) kH k + n(n − 1)
n−1 4
µ ¶
3 2 2 c + f2 0
+ (c + f )(d1 + d2 cos θ) − 2(n − 1) +f .
2 4
Then we obtain

(5. 12) n2 kH k2 = (n − 1)(ρ + khk2 ).

Let p ∈ M, π ⊂ Tp M, dim π = 2, π orthogonal to ξ and invariant by P . Now,

we consider two cases:
 B. Y. CHEN’S INEQUALITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS 125

(i) The plane section π is tangent to D1 . We may assume that π = span{e1 , e2 }.

H
We choose en+1 = k H k
.

By using (5.12), we have

(5. 13)
à n !2 ( )
X n
X X 2m+1
X X n
hn+1
ii = (n − 1) (hn+1 2
ii ) + (hn+1 2
ij ) + (hrij )2 + ρ .
i=1 i=1 i6=j r=n+2 i,j=1

From Lemma (3.1) and (5.13), we have

X 2m+1
X n
X
(5. 14) 2hn+1 n+1
11 h22 ≥ (hn+1
ij )
2
+ (hrij )2 + ρ.
i6=j r=n+2 i,j=1

From the Gauss equation, for X = Z = e1 and Y = W = e2 , we have

2m+1
X
c − 3f 2 3
(5. 15) K(π) = − − (c + f 2 ) + (hr11 hr22 − (hr12 )2 )
4 4 r=n+1
µ ¶ 2m+1 n
c − 3f 2 3 2 1 X n+1 2 1 X X r 2
≥− − (c + f ) + (h ) + (h )
4 4 2 i6=j ij 2 r=n+2 i,j=1 ij
2m+1
X 2m+1
X
ρ r r
+ + h11 h22 − (hr12 )2
2 r=n+2 r=n+1
µ ¶ 2m+1
c − 3f 2
c+f 2
1 X n+1 2 1 X X r 2
=− −3 + (h ) + (h )
4 4 2 i6=j ij 2 r=n+2 i,j>2 ij
2m+1
1 X r Xµ ρ
¶
r 2 n+1 2 n+1 2
+ (h + h22 ) + (h1j ) + (h2j ) + .
2 r=n+2 11 j>2
2

From (5.15), it follows that

µ ¶ µ ¶
c − 3f 2 c + f2 ρ
(5. 16) K(π) ≥ − −3 + .
4 4 2

In view of (5.11) and (5.16), we obtain (5.1).

(i) Similarly, if π is tangent to D2 , we obtain (5.2).

The equality in (5.1) holds if and only if (5.14), (5.15), (5.16) and Lemma 3.1
 126 S. S. SHUKLA AND P. K. CHAUBEY

become equalities. In this case, we have

hn+1
ij = 0, ∀ i 6= j, i, j > 2
hrij = 0, i 6= j, i, j > 2, r = n + 1, . . . , 2m + 1
hr11 + hr22 = 0, ∀ r = n + 2, . . . , 2m + 1
hn+1
1j = hn+1
2j = 0, j > 2
hn+1 n+1 n+1 n+1
11 + h22 = h33 = · · · = hnn .

Furthermore, if we choose e1 and e2 so that hn+1 r r

12 = 0 and denote a = h11 , b = h22
and µ = hn+1 n+1
33 = · · · = hnn , then the shape operators take the desired forms.

Acknowledgement. The authors are thankful to referee for his valuable

suggestions towards improvement of the paper.

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Department of Mathematics
University of Allahabad
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
India-211002
E-mail: ssshukla [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]