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    Asteraceae

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    Asteraceae

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    Asteraceae

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    sujithagopinathan785

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    M.Sc.

    Botany (Semester II)


    Course Title : Systematics and Evolution

    Unit II: Asteraceae (Compositae)


    Dr Ram Prasad
    Department of Botany
    Mahatma Gandhi Central University
    Motihar, Bihar
    Asteraceae (Compositae) : Sunflower Family

    • Large and well-known family of flowering plants


    • About 10% of the total flower among angiosperms
    • Compositae, the original name for Asteraceae, first
    described by Paul Dietrich Giseke, German botanist in
    1792
    • Genus name comes from Classical Latin word aster,
    "star“
    Scientific classification:
    • Kingdom : Plantae
    • Phylum : Angiosperms
    • Class : Dicotyledons
    • Order : Asterales
    • Family : Asteraceae
    13- subfamilies
    • Genera : 950
    • Species : 20,000
    Morphological characters

    Habit: Usually herbaceous annuals or shrubs. Outer


    surface of plants is covered with hairs.
    Root: The roots constitute a branched, tap-root system

    Stem: Herbaceous or woody and erect. Tuberous


    (Helianthus tuberosus) and leaf-like (Baccharis)
    Leaves: Usually alternate, simple, petiolate and
    exstipulate. Leaves are opposite (eg. Helianthus) or
    whorld (eg. Eupatorium).

    Inflorescence: Capitulum. A capitulum consists of disc


    florets in the centre surrounded by ray florets.
    Reproductive characters
    Flower: Bisexual or unisexual or polygamous. Generally, pentamerous,
    bracteates, sessile and epigynous tubular (actinomorphic) or ligulate
    (zygomorphic),
    Two types of flowers: Ray floret and Disc floret
    Ray FLORET : Bracteate, Zygomorphic, Unisexual, Sessile
    Calyx: pappus like structure
    Corolla: Petals 5, Gamopetalous, Aestivation- 3 or 4 valvate
    Androecium: Absent
    Gynoecium: Absent or bicarpellary, syncarpous, inferior, unilocular with
    basal placentation, one anatropous ovule
    Reproductive characters
    DISC FLORET : Bracteate, Actinomorphic, bisexual, Inferior ovary
    Calyx: pappus like structure
    Corolla: 5 Gamopetalous, valvate Aestivation
    Androecium: 5 epipetalous, Syngenesious stamens.
    Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, syncarpous, unilocular unilocular with
    single anatropous ovule, basal placentation, style, slender and
    branched, inferior ovary.
    Fruits: Cypsela

    Seed: Dicotyledonous and exalbuminous

    Pollination: Entomophilous.
    Asteracae is the most economically important family of angiosperms.

    Tagetes erecta Helianthus annus Calendula officinalis Parthenium hysterophorus

    Artemisia Chrysanthemum Cichorium Lactuca sativa


    Economic Importance
    This family has greater importance than all other families of the
    flowering plants. It has importance humankinds.
    • Food: Leaves of Cichorium intybus are used in salads.
    Leaves Lactuca sativa (Lattuce) is used in salads.

    • Dye: Some plants yield dyes for coloring different materials.


    Flower heads of Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) gives a red
    dye and Tagetes erecta (yellow dye)
    • Ornamental plants: Many plants are used in lawns, e.g. Tagetes
    erecta (marigold); Helianthus annuus (sunflower); Calendula
    officinalis (skotch marigold); Parthenium hysterophorus (guayule)
    • Oils: Many plants gives oil seeds. The oil is used for cooking,
    soapmaking, varnish, lubricant. Examples: Helianthus annuus
    (Seed); Carthamus tinctorius (Flower); Guizotia abyssinica (Seed)
    • Medicines: Whole plant extract of Artemisia absinthium is given
    for fever and inflammation of liver.
    Artemisia vulgaris is used for round worms, fever, asthma and
    nervous disorders.
    Acknowledgements
    • Barnhart JH (1985) Family nomenclature. Bulletin of the
    Torrey Botanical Club 22(1): 1-24
    • Pandey BP (2010) A Textbook of Botany: Angiosperms. S.
    Chand & Co. Ltd. (ISBN: 9788121904049, 9788121904049)
    • Stussy TF (1990) Plant taxonomy. Columbia University Press,
    USA
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteraceae
    • I apologize to all authors whose findings could not be
    substantiated or cited in our presentation due to reasons of
    brevity
    Thank you for your attention

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