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66 views6 pages

Topic 3

h

Uploaded by

Antonette Capara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Topic 2Distribution Transformer Applications Load Management of Transformers

Primary Voltage ratings of DTs used by Meralco Internal Tap-changers


Voltage Rating Description
13200 For line-to-line connection
on system of 13.2kV line-to-
line
13200Grd. Y/7620 Single-bushing DTs for line-
to-ground connection on
effectively grounded
systems with line-to-line
voltages of 13.2kv
7620/13200Y Two Busing DTs for line-to- Schematic Diagram of a Dual Voltage Transformer
ground connection on
system with line-to-line
voltages 13.2kV
*Without slash (/) – for line-to-line connection
*With slash (/) – for-line-to-ground connection
DT Company number sample
Samples of DTs with Dual Voltage Tap

External Tap-Changers
Operation
1- De Energize the DT
2- Loosen lock screw
3- Rotate switch to desired position
4- Tighten lock screw
5- Energize the DT Transformer Polarity Convention
• Additive – 200kVA or smaller and 8.66kV or
below
• Subtractive – Single-phase transformers that do
not meet either one or both criteria
Terminal Markings of DTs
I. ADDITIVE Polarity

Internal View of a DT With an External Tap-Changer

II. SUBTRACTIVE Polarity

Polarity of DTs
Examples
1. 100kVA, 3.6kV-240/120V --- Additive
2. 250 kVA, 7.62kV-240/120V --- Subtractive
3. 25kVA, 19.92kV-240/120V --- Subtractive
Topic 2Distribution Transformer Applications Load Management of Transformers
4. 167kVA, 13.8kV-240/120V --- Subtractive
Polarity testing of a DT • Line-to-Line Primary (subtractive polarity)

If Vm reads more than the applied voltage – Additive


If Vm reads less than the applied voltage – subtractive
Polarity of DTs

• Line-to-line Primary (Additive polarity)

DT Connections used by MERALCO

Open-Wye, Open-Delta Connection


• 2 subtractive polarity DTs

Single-Phase Connection
• Line-to-neutral Primary (subtractive polarity)

• 2 Additive Polarity DTs

• Line-to-Neutral primary (additive polarity)


Topic 2Distribution Transformer Applications Load Management of Transformers

Common Error in Open-Wye, Open-Delta Connections


Error #1: X1 of Main DT was interlocked with X1 of wing DT
Common Error in Wye-Delta Connections
(ex.1 subtractive & 2 additive DTs)
Error: X1 of wing 1 was connected to X1 of Main while
X3 of main was connected to X3 of wind 2

Error #2: H2 instead of H1 of one DT was connected to the


primary

Correction: H2 instead of H1 of Main Dt was tapped to


the phase conductor. This results in the imaginary
swapping of the X1 & X3 leads.

Common Trouble in Open-Wye, Open-Delta Connections


Trouble: H1 of both DTs energized from the same primary

Wye-Wye Connection for 240-volt service


• 3 subtractive Polarity DTs

Wye-Delta Connection
• 3 additive Polarity DTs

Wye-Wye connection for 480 Volt service


• 3 subtractive Polarity DTs

Wye-Wye Connection for 240-volt service


Topic 2Distribution Transformer Applications Load Management of Transformers
• Additive polarity DTs • 2 additive polarity DTs

Common Error in Open-Dela, Open-Delta Connections


Wye-Wye connection for 480-volt service Error: Secondary Interlock was connected X3 to X3
• 3 additive polarity DTs

Open-Delta, Open-Delta Connection Delta-Delta Connection


• 2 subtractive polarity DTs • 3 subtractive polarity DTs

• 3 additive polarity DTs


• 2 additive polarity DTs

Open-Wye, Open-Delta Connection for 3-phase


corner-ground Delta secondary
Topic 2Distribution Transformer Applications Load Management of Transformers
o Release pressure by operating the
pressure relief device
• Energize DT
• Check voltage & phase sequence at CMS (verify
with customer)
• Accomplish Transformer Report (TR)

Wye-Delta connection for 3-phase, corner-grounded


delta secondary

Reminders on DT Installation
A. New installation
• Inspect DT for any physical defects
• Check specifications of withdrawn DT
• Install as per safety & construction standards
• Check for compliance to W.O. or F.O.
• Before energizing:
o Check for shorted/grounded service
entrance conductors
o Ensure customer main switch (CMS) is
open & check for possible voltage
presence
• Energize DT
• Check voltage at CMS
• Accomplish Transformer Report (TR)
B. Replacement
• Inspect DT for any physical defects
• Check specifications of withdrawn DT
• Eliminate all possible sources of power
• Establish secondary phase markings/sketch
existing connection
• Ground or short-circuit the secondary line or
leads
• Install as per safety & construction standards
• Before re-energizing:
o Remove all temporary grounding wires
o Check DT connection against
sketch/drawing/phase markings
Topic 2Distribution Transformer Applications Load Management of Transformers

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