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QuizII 1

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13 views2 pages

QuizII 1

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Ekta
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School of Basic Sciences

I. I. T. MANDI
3rd May, 2021, 9:00 am (1 hour)
PH522 : Statistical Mechanics
Quiz II (20 marks)
Instructions

• Attempt all 6 questions.


• Answer with proper and brief explanation.

Questions

1. Consider a system A immersed in a larger system that act as a heat reservoir A0 and these
systems exchange only energy. The systems have a common temperature T at equilibrium.
Find the probability distribution of the canonical ensemble by series expansion of the number
of microstates Ω. The combined system has energy E 0 that is conserved. (Note ∂∂E ln Ω
N,V
=
β ). Give detailed explanation of the steps (3 marks).
2. Arrive at the relation between entropy in canonical ensemble in terms of the probabilities
Pr (probability of attaining Er energy state). What is the importance of this expression in
thermodynamics and beyond. Show that this relation holds good for microcanonical ensemble
also. (3 marks)
3. Show that for a system of classical ideal gas in canonical ensemble, the density of the phase space
ρ(q, p) is given by ρ(q, p) ∝ e−βH(q,p) , where q , p, and H(p, q) are positions, momenta and
Hamiltonian of the system. Also show that the partition function of the ideal gas is given by
1
V N
QV (V, T ) = N! h3 (2πmkT )3/2 (4 marks)

P∞ N +R−1 −β( 1ofN ~N


4. Given that the canonical partition function of a system
ω+R
harmonic oscillators treated
~ω)
quantum mechanically is QN (β) = R=0 R e 2 , symbols have the usual
meaning. Find the density of states g(E) of the system and explain how quanta are distributed
from the expression of density of states. Find the entropy of the system from g(E) and show
1
 
~ω E+ N ~ω
that kT = ln E− 12 N ~ω . (3 marks)
2

5. Consider N identical systems sharing a total number of particles N N̄ and energy N Ē . What
are the constraint relation for these systems forms a grand canonical ensemble where particle
number and energy can vary. For a mode of distribution {nr,s } write down the distribution
function W {nr,s }, where nr,s gives number of systems that have at any time have Nr number
n∗
of particles and Es amount of energy. Find Nr,s by method of Lagrange multipliers, where
{n∗r,s } is the most probable mode of distribution. (3 marks)

1
6. Define the permutation operator p̂? Show using permutation operator on a two particle wave
function that there are two type of many particle wavefunctions possible that are symmetric
and anti-symetric. Write down explicitly the wavefunctions of three non-interacting particles,
in symmetric ψS and asymmetric ψA case, in terms of the single particle wavefunctions φi (j),
where i and j are labels of wavefunctions and particles respectively. Show that ψA can be
written in a determinant form and Pauli’s exclusion principle can be explained from properties
of the determinants. (3 marks)

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