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27 views6 pages

BUULEEEE

Uploaded by

Robert Lima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HPresident Ramon Magsaysay State University

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanical Engineering
ME 416: Control Engineering
Laboratory Experiment Manual

Experiment No. 02
Transfer Function

Name: FERDINAND LONZANO JR. Year & Section: BSME-4B


Schedule & Room: SELB 103(TTh) Date Performed:1 0 - 1 0 - 2 0 2 4
Instructor: M E L I S S A E B U E Date Submitted: 10-11-2024
Group No.: 2

I. Objective:
 To learn to use SCILAB to generate polynomials
 To learn to use SCILAB to generate Transfer function

II. Health and Safety:


Any laboratory environment may contain conditions that are potentially
hazardous to a person’s health if not handled appropriately. The Engineering
laboratories obviously have electrical potentials that may be lethal and must
be treated with respect. In addition, there are also mechanical hazards,
particularly when dealing with rotating machines, and chemical hazards
because of the materials used in various components. Our LEARNING
OUTCOME is to educate all laboratory users to be able to handle laboratory
materials and situations safely and thereby ensure a safe and healthy
experience for all.

III. Background:

The transfer function of a control system is the ratio of Laplace transform of


output to that of the input while taking the initial conditions, as 0. Basically, it
provides a relationship between input and output of the system.

For a control system, G(s) generally represents the transfer function. In the
figure given below X(s) and Y(s) represents input and output respectively.

𝒄(𝒕) = 𝒈(𝒕) 𝒓(𝒕)  Convolution Property


𝑪(𝒔) = 𝑮(𝒔) 𝑹(𝒔)  Laplace Transform from time domain(t) to

𝐆( 𝒔 ) =
frequency domain (s)

𝑪(𝒔)
 Transfer function of the Systems

𝑹(𝒔)
Experiment No. 02 Transfer Function
Page 2 ME 416: Control Engineering

IV. Materials:
Simulation using Scilab (installed applications)
Laptop/desktop

V. Procedure:

1. Start the Scilab Application. Then open the SciNotes.

𝟐
2. Create the script for the transfer function. Save the file using
Transfer Function.sce. The Transfer function is defined below:

𝒈𝟏(𝒔) =
𝟏 + 𝟕𝒔

SciNotes (Script):

SYNTAX USED:
Poly (Polynomial)definition from given roots or coefficients, or characteristic to a
square matrix.

syslin defines a linear system as a list and checks consistency of data.


 dom specifies the time domain of the system and can have the
following values:
 dom='c' for a continuous time system, dom='d' for a discrete time system, n
for a sampled system with sampling period n (in seconds).

csim simulation (time response) of linear system.

plot2d plots a set of 2D curves.

3. Execute the File you have created using the Script on the SciNotes. Check
the plot of the step response.
Transfer Function Experiment No. 02
ME 416: Control Engineering Page 3

From the response of the graph, how does it response?


The provided graph of the step response for the transfer function
2s+7\frac{2}{s + 7}s+72 reveals several key characteristics of the system's behavior
over time. Initially, the response starts at zero, indicating the system is at rest before the
step input is applied. Shortly after the input is introduced, the curve rises rapidly,
reflecting the system's quick response due to the small numerator value of 2. The
transition is smooth, without sharp changes, showcasing the stability typical of first-order
systems. As time progresses, the response asymptotically approaches a steady-state
value of approximately 27\frac{2}{7}72 (around 0.286), demonstrating effective
stabilization. Importantly, the graph exhibits no overshoot beyond this final value, a
characteristic feature of first-order dynamics, and illustrates the system's time constant
of 7, which indicates it takes about 35 seconds to reach close to its steady-state value.
Overall, the graph highlights the system's predictable and controlled response to a step
input, reflecting fundamental principles in control engineering.

VI. EXERCISES:

𝟔.𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟑 𝒔𝟐+𝟏𝟖𝒔+𝟏𝟐.𝟖𝟏𝟏
𝑭(𝒔)
1. Create a script using SciNotes with the below Transfer function.

𝒔𝟒 +𝟔𝒔𝟑 +𝟏𝟏.𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟑 𝒔𝟐

=
+𝟏𝟖𝒔+𝟏𝟐.𝟖𝟏𝟏
2. On your script use the syntax “xgrid” to add grid on a 2D or 3D plot

3. Use the syntax “xtitle” to add titles on a graphic window.

Determine the following:


The script using the SciNotes for the Transfer Function.
num=poly([12.811,18,6.3223],'s','coeff');
den=poly([12.811,18,11.3223,6,1],'s','coeff');
disp(num/den)
g=syslin('c',num/den);
t=0:0.5:50;
gs=csim('step',t,g);
plot2d(t,gs);
xgrid(9,0,10);
xtitle('SCILAB Transfer Function Exercise');

F(s)
Experiment No. 02 Transfer Function
Page 4 ME 416: Control Engineering

a. Show the response of the graphs for the Transfer Function.

F(s)

b. Adjust the size of the graph to determine the following:

Rise Time (Tr) = 1.2S


Settling Time (Ts) = 1S
Peak Time (Tp) = 1.6S
Percent Overshoot (%OS) =

VII. Conclusion:
In summary, transfer functions play a crucial role in the analysis and design
of dynamic systems across various engineering fields. They provide a
compact representation of system behavior, allowing engineers to assess
stability, response characteristics, and overall performance efficiently. By
transforming complex differential equations into algebraic equations in the
Laplace domain, transfer functions simplify the process of analyzing system
responses to different inputs, such as step or impulse signals. The insights
gained from studying the transient and steady-state responses, including
parameters like rise time, settling time, peak time, and percent overshoot,
enable engineers to optimize control strategies and ensure systems meet
desired specifications. Ultimately, transfer functions are invaluable for
designing reliable and efficient control systems, fostering advancements in
technology and engineering practices.

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