SubSkill S.No.

Audio

Definitions 1.1 Hello Students

Now we are going to study basics of algebraic
expression.

Constant

A symbol, which has a fixed value, is called a

constant

Example 8 comma 23 comma root6 comma

root8 plus 2 et cetera

1.2 Variable

A symbol, which does not have any fixed value,

but may be assigned values according to the
requirements, is called a variable or a literal

Combination of a constant, variable, two or

more variable is a variable
Example x comma 5y comma xz et cetera

1.3 Term

A term is a number, a variable, a combination

of numbers and variables

Example 7 comma x comma 5x comma 3xy et

cetera

1.4 Algebraic Expression

A single term or a combination of two or more

terms connected by plus or minus signs; forms
an alegbraic expression

Example 5 minus y comma 8x plus 5y minus

7z et cetera
 A single term or a combination of two or more
terms connected by plus or minus signs; forms
an alegbraic expression

Example 5 minus y comma 8x plus 5y minus

7z et cetera

Types of Algebraic 2.1 Hello Students,

Expression
Now we are going to study types of algebraic
expression.

Monomial

An algebraic expression, which contains only

one term, is called a monomial. example 5x
2.2 Binomial
comma minus6x square comma minus28 et
cetera.
An algeraic expression, which contains only
two different terms, is called a binomial.
example 8 plus x comma xy minus 4 et cetera.

2.3 Trinomial

An algebraic expression, which contains three

different terms only, is called a trinomial.
example 3 plus x plus y comma xy minus yz
minus xz comma et cetera.

2.4 Polynomial

An algebraic expression, which contains more

than one term, is called a polynomial.
e.g. xy minus 5 comma x plus 5 plus 6z et
cetera.
 2.4 Polynomial

An algebraic expression, which contains more

than one term, is called a polynomial.
e.g. xy minus 5 comma x plus 5 plus 6z et
cetera.

Polynomials and 3.1 Hello students,

Definitions.
Now we are going study degree of polynomials,
definition of Product, factor, coefficient, Like
and unlike terms.

Degree of a Polynomial

The highest power of the variable is the degree

of the polynomial.

Note:
An algebraic expession is a polynomial if
degree of each term, used in it, is a non-
negative integer.

3.2 Degree of the polynomial containing two or

more variable

Steps

1 First the sum of the powers of the variables in

each term.
2 The highest sum of the powers is taken to be
the degree of the polynomial.
 3.3 Product, factor and Coefficient

Product: Two or more numbers are multiplied

together.

Factor: Constant or variable which forms a

product.

Coefficient: Any factor of an algebraic quantity

is called the coefficient of remaining quantity.

3.4 Like and Unlike Terms

The terms having same coefficients are called

like terms.

The terms having different coefficients are

called unlike terms .

Operation on Algebraic 4.1 Hello students,

Expression
Now we are going to study addition, subtraction
and multiplication of algebraic expression.

Combining like terms

A common technique for simplifying algebraic

expressions.

In combining like terms combine their

numerical coefficients and place the result
before their common factor.
 A common technique for simplifying algebraic
expressions.

In combining like terms combine their

numerical coefficients and place the result
before their common factor.

4.2 Multiplying a monomial by a monomial

Steps:

Step 1 Multiply the numerical coefficients

Step 2 Multiply the literal coefficients
Step 3 Multiply the results of step 1 and step 2

4.3 Multiplying a polynomial by a monomial

Multiply each term of a polynomial by the

monomial.

4.4 Multiplying a polynomial by a polynomial

Multiply each terms of one polynomial by each

term of the other polynomial and then combine
terms.

Note that x raise to m multiplied by x raise to n

is equal to x raise to m plus n.

Division and 5.1 Hello Students,

Simplification
Now we are going to study Division of
polynomials and Simplification of expression by
BODMAS.

Division of monomial by monomial and

polynomial by monomial

Division of monomial by monomial equal to

(Division of their numerical coefficients)
multiplied by (Division of their literal
coefficients)
 polynomials and Simplification of expression by
BODMAS.

Division of monomial by monomial and

polynomial by monomial

Division of monomial by monomial equal to

(Division of their numerical coefficients)
multiplied by (Division of their literal
coefficients)

Dividing each term of a polynomial by

monomial and simplify.
5.2 Dividing a polynomial by a polynomial

Long Division Method

Step 1 Arrange the terms of divisor and the

dividend in ascending or descending order.

Step 2 Divide the first term in the dividend by

the first term of the quotient.

5.3 Long Division Method

Step 3 Multiply the complete divisior by the

quotient and subract.

Step 4 Use the remainder as quotient and

repeat the steps

Step 5 Verify the answer with the formulae

Dividend is equal to Quotient multiplied by

Divisor plus Remainder.

5.4 Order of Operations by Principle of

BODMAS
5.4

B stands for brackets

O stands for orders
D stands for division
M stands for multiplication
A stands for addition
S stands for subrtaction
6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

7.1

7.2
7.3

7.4

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

9.1

9.2

9.3

9.4
 Concept Q.No. Question

Constant: 1 8 is a constant.

A symbol, which has a fixed value, is called a

constant.

e.g., 8,23, √6,√8+2 etc.

2 5x is constant.

3 5+x is a constant

4 √5 is a constant.

Variable: 1 x is a variable.

A symbol, which does not have any fixed value,

but may be assigned values according to the
requirements, is called a variable or a literal.

Combination of a constant, variable, two or 2 5+x is a variable.

more variable is a variable.
e.g. x, 5y, xz etc. 3 8+√5 is a variable.

4 15xy is a variable.

Term: 1 A variable is a term.

A term is a number, a variable, a combination 2 3xy is a term.

of numbers and variables.
3 √7 is a term as well as a variable.
e.g. 7, x, 5x, 3xy, etc.
4 9-x is a term as well as a constant.

Algebraic Expression: 1 5x^3+8xy+7y^2 ia an algebraic

expression consisting of three
A single term or a combination of two or more terms 5x^3, 8xy and 7y^2 .
terms connected by plus (+) or minus (-) signs;
forms an alegbraic expression.

e.g. 5-y, 8x+5y-7z etc.

A single term or a combination of two or more
terms connected by plus (+) or minus (-) signs;
forms an alegbraic expression.

e.g. 5-y, 8x+5y-7z etc.

2 5x^2 * 8y is an algebraic expression
with two terms.

3 8x / 10y is an algebraic expression

with one term.
4 xy-6z+4 is an algebraic expression
consisting of two terms.

Monomial: 1 3 is a monomial.

An algebraic expression, which contains only one 2 8xy is a monomial.

term, is called a monomial. e.g. 5x, -6x^2, -28 etc.
3 8+x is a monomial.

4 -5x is a monomial.

Binomial: 1 The algebraic expression 5+xy is a

binomial type expression.
An algeraic expression, which contains only two
different terms, is called a binomial. 2 Addition of two monomial forms a
e.g. 8+x, xy-4, etc binomial.

3 A binomial is an algebraic expression

consisting of atleast one term.

4 5xy+2x is an algebraic expression of

binomial type.

Trinomial: 1 Addition of a 5x and a 2y+ 5 forms a

trinomial expression.
An algebraic expression, which contains three
different terms only, is called a trinomial.e.g.
3+x+y, xy-yz-xz, etc.

2 3+2x+3y is an algebraic expression of

trinomial type.

3 7x+11-2a is an algebraic expression of

trinomial type.

4 A trinomial is an algebraic expression

consisting of atleast two term.

Polynomial: 1 5x+2 is a polynomial.

An algebraic expression, which contains more

than one term, is called a polynomial.
e.g. xy-5, x+5+6z, etc.
Polynomial:

An algebraic expression, which contains more

than one term, is called a polynomial. 2 Every binomial is a polynomial.
e.g. xy-5, x+5+6z, etc.
3 xyz is a polynomial.

4 3x ÷ 2y is a polynomial.

Degree of a Polynomial: 1 x^2+x is a polynomial of degree 2.

The highest power of the variable is the degree

of the polynomial.
2 Degree of a polynomial
Note: An algebraic expession is a polynomial if 5x^2+6x+2 is 2.
degree of each term, used in it, is a non-negative
integer.
3 3x^2+2x+1 is a polynomial of degree 1.

4 The highest power of the constant is

the degree of the polynomial.

Degree of the polynomial containing two or 1 5x^2y+2x^2y^2+1 is a polynomial of

more variable: degree 3.

Steps:

1. First the sum of the powers of the variables in

each term.
2. The highest sum of the powers is taken to be
the degree of the polynomial. 2 5+xy+x^2 is a polynomial of order 2.

3 xyz+xy+x+y+z is a polynomial of degree

3.
 4 The degree of polynomial
5x^3y-3x^2y^5+x^9+3 is 9.

Product, factor and Coefficient: 1 5xyz is the product of x, y and z.

Product: Two or more numbers are multiplied

together.

Factor: Constant or variable which forms a 2 6 and y are factors are 6y.
product.

Coefficient: Any factor of an algebraic quantity

is called the coefficient of remaining quantity.
3 In the algebraic term 9abc: 9 is the
coefficient of bc.

4 In algebraic term 8xyz: xz is the

coefficient of 8y.

Like and Unlike Terms: 1 6xy^2, -7xy^2 and 5xy^2 are like terms.

The terms having same coefficients are called

like terms.
2 10abc, 7abc, 4abc and abc are unlike
The terms having different coefficients are terms.
called unlike terms .
3 x^2y and y^2x are like terms.

4 8a^2bc, 3ba^2c and 5bca^2 are unlike

terms.

Combining like terms: 1 Addition of a+b and a-7 is 2a+b-7.

A common technique for simplifying algebraic

expressions.

In combining like terms; combine their numerical

coefficients and place the result before their 2 Addition of a+b, b+c and c+d is
common factor. a+2b+2c+2d.
common factor.

3 Subtraction of x+y from 5+x+y is 5+x.

4 If we take away (5-a-b) from (a+b), the

result is 2a+b-5.

Multiplying a monomial by a monomial: 1 The product of 6a and 4a is 24a.

2 Multiplication of 6ab and 8ba is
Steps: 64a^2b^2.
3 Multiplication of 6, 8ab and 4xza
Step 1: Multiply the numerical coefficients is192a^2bxz.
Step 2: Multiply the literal coefficients
Step 3: Multiply the results of step 1 and step 2 4 Multiplication of 7ab, 2xz and 3a^2bz is
42a^3b^2xz^2.

Multiplying a polynomial by a monomial: 1 Multiplication of 5x+6y by 9 is 45x+54y.

Multiply each term of a polynomial by the 2 Multiplication of 5x+7 by 6x is

monomial. 30x^2+4x.
3 Product of x+y by 2a is 2ax+2ay.
4 Product of (2+6x+5z) * 2 is 4+12x+10z.

Multiplying a polynomial by a polynomial: 1 Multiplication of x+y by y+x is

x^2+2xy+y^2.
Multiply each terms of one polynomial by each
term of the other polynomial and then combine
terms.
2 Multiplication of x^m by x^n is x^m+n.
Note:- x^m * x^n = x^m+n

3 Multiplication of x^3 by x^2 is x^6

4 Multiplication of (a-b) by (a+b) is

a^2+2ab+b^2.

Division of monomial by monomial and 1 Division of x^7 by x^5 is x^2.

polynomial by monomial:

Division of monomial by monomial = (Division of

their numerical coefficients)* (Division of their 2 When we divide 25y^3 by -5y, the result
literal coefficients) is 5y^2.

Dividing each term of a polynomial by

monomial and simplify.
Division of monomial by monomial = (Division of
their numerical coefficients)* (Division of their
literal coefficients)

Dividing each term of a polynomial by

monomial and simplify. 3 Division of 5a+25 by 5 is a+5.

4 When we divide 14y^2 by 14, the result

is y^2.

Dividing a polynomial by a polynomial : 1 The terms of the expression x^2+6x+5

are arranged in ascending order.
Long Division Method :

Step: 1. Arrange the terms of divisor and the

dividend in ascending or descending order.

Step 2. Divide the first term in the dividend by 2 The terms of the expression
the first term of the quotient. 2x^3+5x^2+2 is arranged in descending
order.

3 When we divide (x^2+2x-15) by (x+5)

then the first term of the quotient will be
x.

4 When we divide (4x^3+4x-4) by (x-2)

then the first term of the quotient will be
4x^2.

Long Division Method : 1 If first term of the quotient for divisor

x+1 and dividend x^2-5x is x, then the
Step 3. Multiply the complete divisior by the remainder will be -6x.
quotient and subract.

Step 4. Use the remainder as quotient and

repeat the steps

Step 5: Verify the answer with the formulae 2 If first term of the quotient for divisor
2x+7 and dividend 2x^3+7x^2 is x^2,
Dividend= Quotient * Divisor + Remainder then the remainder will be 2.

3 When we divide (4x^2+6x-4) by (2x+6),

the quotient and remainder are 2x and
4.
4 If remainder is zero than dividend is
equal to product of quotient and divisor.

Order of Operations by Principle of BODMAS: 1 Simplification of x^5 ÷ (x^2 * x^3)+2 is

2.
B stands for brackets i.e., [{(_)}]
O stands for orders
D stands for division i.e., ÷ or /
M stands for multiplication i.e., *
A stands for addition i.e., +
S stands for subtraction i.e., -
Order of Operations by Principle of BODMAS:

B stands for brackets i.e., [{(_)}] 2 Simplification of (x^2 * x^4 )÷ x^6+5 is

O stands for orders 6.
D stands for division i.e., ÷ or /
3 Simplification of x^9 ÷ (x^2 * x) * x^3 is
M stands for multiplication i.e., *
x^3.
A stands for addition i.e., +
S stands for subtraction i.e., - 4 Simplification of a^5 ÷ a^3 +3a * 2ais
7a^2.

Treasure Hunt 1

1 7 is a term and a constant.

2 15+x-y is not a variable.

3 The degree of the polynomial 4x-7x^5 is

5.
4 1-5xy+2yz is a polynomial.

5 The degree of 8-5x is 1.

6 Every monomial is a polynomial.

7 abc, 2abc and 5abc are like terms.

8 16y^2 + 5y^2 = 9y^4

9 Multiplication of a monomial by
monomial is a binomial.
10 6x × (5 + 3) = 33x

Treasure Hunt 2

1 a+b is an algebraic expression.

2 pq+qr is an algebraic expression of

binomial type.
3 -10+√7 is a constant.

4 The degree of the polynomial

5x^2y^3+6x^8+9y^5+2 is 5.
 5 1/x^3 - y^5 is a polynomial.

6 If the degree of the polynomial is 3,

then the polynomial is a trinomial.
7 a^7 ÷ (a^3 ÷ a) + 5a^5 = 6a^5
8 20a^7 ÷ (5a^5 ÷ a) + 5a^3 = 10a^3
9 (10a^5 - 20a^2) ÷ 2a^2 = 5a^3 - 4a^2
10 10x is a variable.

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Q.no Treasure chest-I

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Q.no Treasure chest-II

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 Answer Solution

T 8 is a fixed value so it is constant.

F 5x is a value which depends on the value of

x.

As value of x varies the value of 5x

varies.So, 5x is not a constant.
F 5+x is a value which depends on the value
of x.

As value of x varies the value of 5+x

varies.So, 5+x is not a constant.
T √5 is a fixed value, so it is a constant.

T x does not have a fixed value, but may be

assigned values according to requirement.

So, x is a variable.

T Combination of a constant and a variable is

a variable.
F It has a fixed value, so its a constant not a
variable.
T Combination of two or more variable is a
variable.

T A term can be variable or a constant or

combination of both.
T Combination of variable and constant is a
term.
F √7 is a term as well as a constant.
F 9-x is a term as well as a variable.

T Algebraic expression which are seperated

by the sign of '+ 'or ' -' are called the terms.

Consisting of three terms 5x^3, 8xy and

7y^2 .
F The signs of multiplication (*) do not
seperate the terms. 5x^2 * 8y is an
algebraic expression with one terms.
T The signs of division (/) do not seperate the
terms.
F Algebraic expression which are seperated
by the sign of '+ 'or ' -' are called the terms.

xy-6z+4 contains three terms xy, 6z and 4.

T 3 is a single term, so it is monomial.

T 8xy is a single term, so it is monomial.

F 8+x is an algebraic expression

consisting of two terms.
T -5x is a single term, so it is monomial.

T 5+xy is an algebraic expression consisting

of two terms i.e., 5 and xy.

T Monomial is a single term expression.So,

addtion or subraction of two monomial is a
binomial.
F A binomial is an algebraic expression
consisting of atleast two term.

T The algebraic expression consists of two

terms.

T 5x+(2y+5) = 5x+2y+5 which is a trinomial

expression

T The algebaric expression consists of 3

terms i.e.,3, 2x and 3y.

T The algebaric expression consists of 3

terms i.e.,7x, 11 and 2a.

F A trinomial is an algebraic expression

consisting of atleast three term.

T The expression consists of more one term.

T Binomial is an expression consisting of
more than one term.
F xyz is a single term.

F 3x ÷ 2y is a single term.

F The greatest power of the variable x is x^2

and its power is 2.

T In polynomial 5x^2+6x+2, the term

containing greatest power of the variable x
is 5x^2 and its power is 2.
F The highest power of the variable x is 3x^2
and its power is 2. So, the degree of the
polynomial is 2.
F The highest power of the variable is the
degree of the polynomial.

F 5x^2y+2x^2y^2+1
The sum of the powers of the term
5x^2y = 2+1= 3
2x^2y^2 = 2+2= 4

Clearly, the degree of the polynomial

5x^2y+2x^2y^2+1 is 4.

T 5+xy+x^2
The sum of the powers of the term
xy= 1+1= 2
x^2 = 2

So, the degree of the polynomial 5+xy+x^2

is 2.

T xyz+xy+x+y+z
The sum of the powers of the term
xyz= 1+1+1= 3
xy = 1+1= 2
x=1
y=1
z=1

So, the degree of the polynomial

xyz+xy+x+y+z is 3
T 5x^3y-3x^2y^5+3
The sum of the powers of the term
5x^3y = 3+1=4
3x^2y^5 = 2+5= 7
x^9 = 9
3=1
Clearly, the degree of the polynomial
5x^3y-3x^2y^5+x^9+8 is 9.

F Two or more numbers ( constants or

variables or both ) are multiplied together
forms a product.Therefore, 5xyz is the
product of 5, x, y and z.

T Factors are each quantities which forms a

product. 6 and y are factors of 6y.

F Any factors of an algebraic quantity is

thecoefficient of remaining quantity. So, 9a
is the coefficient of bc.

T xz is the coefficient of 8y.

T 6xy^2, -7xy^2 and 5xy^2 are like terms as

the coefficients are of all the terms is same
i.e., xy^2

F As the coefficient of all terms are same i.e.,

abc . So, 10abc, 7abc, 4abc and abc are
like terms.

F The coefficient of terms are different. So,

the x^2y and y^2x are unlike terms.

F The coefficient of all terms are same. So,

8a^2bc, 3ba^2c and 5bca^2 are like terms.

T (a+b)+(a-7)
= a+b+a-7
= 2a+b-7

F (a+b)+(b+c)+(c+d)
= a+b+b+c+c+d
= a+2b+2c+d

So, the addition of a+b, b+c and c+d is

a+2b+2c+d.
F (5+x+y)-(x+y)
= 5+x+y-x-y
=5

So, the subtraction of x+y from 5+x+y is 5.

F (a+b)-(5-a-b)
= a+b-5+a+b
=2a+2b+5

So, if we take away 5-a-b from a+b, the

result is 2a+2b-5.
F (6a) * (4a)
F =
6ab(6 * 8ba
4) * (a * a)
= (6 * 8) * ( ab * ba)
T =
6 *488ab
a^2b^2
* 4xza
= (6 * 8* 4) * (ab* xza)
T =
7ab192a^2bxz
* 2xz * 3a^2bz
= (7 * 2 * 3) * (ab * xz * a^2bz)
= 42 * (a^3b^2xz^2)
= 42a^3b^2xz^2
T (5x+6y) * 9
= 5x * 9 +6y * 9
F = (5 * 9)* 6x
(5x+7) * x + (6 * 9) * y
= 5x * 6x+ 7 * 6x
F = 30x^2+42x
(x+y) * 2a
T = x * 2a+y * 2
(2+6x+5z) 2a
= (2* 2)+(6x * 2)+(5z * 2)
= 4+12x+10z
T (x+y) * (y+x)
= x * (y+x)+y * (y+x)
= xy+x^2+y^2+xy
= x^2+2xy+y^2
T x^m * x^n
=x^m+n

F x^m * x^n
=x^3 * x^2
=x^3+2
=x^5
F (a+b) * (a-b)
= a(a-b)+b(a-b)
= a^2-ab+ab-b^2
= a^2-b^2
T x^m / x^n = x^m-n

x^7 / x^5 = x^7-5 = x^2

F 25y^3 / -5y
= (25 / -5) * (y^3 / y)
= -5 y^2
T (5a+25) / 5
= (5a / 5) + (25 / 5)
= a+5

T 14y^2 / 14
= (14 / 14) * y^2
= y^2

F As the powers of terms are decreasing from

left to right. So, the terms in the expression
x^2+6x+5 are arranged in descending
order.

T As the powers of terms are decreasing from

left to right. So, the terms in the expression
2x^3+5x^2+2 are arranged in descending
order.

T The first term of the dividend is x^2 and the

first term of the divisor is x.

x^2 / x = x

So, the first term of quotient is x.

T The first term of the dividend is 4x^3 and

the first term of the divisor is x.

4x^3 / x = 4x^2

So, the first term of quotient is 4x^2.

T Multiply the complete divisior by the

quotient.
x * (x+1)= x^2 +1

Subracting the result from dividend

(x^2-5x)-(x^2+x)
= -6

T Multiply the complete divisior by the

quotient.
x^2 * (2x+7)= 2x^3 +7x^2

Subracting the result from dividend

(2x^3+7x^2)-(2x^3+7x^2)= 0

F Dividend= Quotient * Divisor + Remainder

4x^2+12x-4 = (2x) * (2x+6) + 4

T Dividend = Quotient * Divisor + Remainder

If remainder is zero then,

F x^5 ÷ (x^2 * x^3)+2
= x^5 ÷ x^2+3 +2
= x^5 ÷ x^5 +2
T (x^2 * x^4 ) ÷ x^6 + 5
= x^2+4 ÷ x^6 + 5
F = x^6
x^9 ÷ x^6* +x)5* x^3
÷ (x^2
= x^9 ÷ x^3 * x^3
= x^6
a^5 ÷ *a^3
x^3+3a * 2a
= a^2 + 3a * 2a
= a^2 + 6a^2 ###
###

###
T 7 is a fixed value. So, it is a constant and a
constant can be a term.
F Combination of two or more variable is a
variable.
T The highest power of the variable 7x^5 is
5.
T 1-5xy+2yz has 3 terms 1, -5xy and 2yz. The
expression has more than one term so, it is
a polynomial.
T The highest power of the variable -5x is 1.

F Every monomial is not a polynomial since

its contains only one term.
T They have same literal coefficients.
F They are both like terms, so you can just
add them:
16y^2 + 5y^2 = 9y^2
F Multiplication of a monomial by monomial is
a monomial.
F 6x * (5 + 3)
= 6x * 8 ###
###
###
###

T Combination of two or more terms

connected by plus or minus sign is an
algebraic expression.
T It contains two terms pq and qr. So, it is a
binomial type algebraic expression.
T -10+√7 has a fixed value. So, it is a
constant.
F 5x^2y^3= 2+3= 5
6x^8= 8
9y^5= 5

So, the degree of the polynomial is

5x^2y^3+6x^8+9y^5+2 is 8.
F An algebraic expression is a polynomial if
the degree of each term, used in it, is a non
negatve integer.
1/x^3(=x^-3) in which the power of x is -3
which is a negative integer.

T Degree of the polynomial doesn't describe

its type.
T a^7 ÷ (a^3 ÷ a) + 5a^5
F = a^7 ÷÷a^2
20a^7 +5a^5
(5a^5 ÷ a) + 5a^3
F = 20a^7- ÷20a^2)
(10a^5 5a^4 +÷ 5a^3
2a^2
T = (10a^5 ÷ 2a^2) - ( 20a^2 and
Combination of a constant - 2a^2)
variable is a
variable.
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